I-aura yokuziphindezela ejikelezayo Bulgakov ukuba uncwadi lwakhe olungenalusini nolungenalusini lubonakala lujonge ukugxekwa ngenyaniso efihliweyo phantsi kobuhle okanye obumangalisayo, lumenza umbhali odlulayo kumsebenzi wobomi, imbali egqwethiweyo kunye nepharodi efihliweyo.
Ukucaphukisa inxalenye enkulu yamagunya aseSoviet, awayenandipha ubabalo kuye ngelixa esebenza njengogqirha okanye xa wayengumbhali wengxelo efanayo, (kodwa akazange akhululeke xa wagqiba ukuzinikela kuncwadi), uBulgakov ngokuthe ngcembe waba ngumbhali wembali. uhlobo lombhali ophikisayo, echwechwa kwaye etshutshiswa ngamapolisa ezopolitiko, kodwa egcina ulusu lwakhe kwizihlandlo ezingenakubalwa. Mhlawumbi ngenxa yendlela yayo eyintsomi evulelekileyo, xa kuthelekiswa nokuba yeyiphi na into encinci yokwenene eyinyani enokukhutshwa.
Mhlawumbi yiloo nto umsebenzi wakhe ezibaluleke kakhulu ezifana "The Master and Margarita" waba ukuba umsebenzi awuzange ugqitywe ngokupheleleyo, usoloko egcinwe kwidrowa elindele amaxesha amnandi kwaye ngokuqhubekayo ihlaziywe de kube sekufeni kwakhe, kwaye nasekuhlanguleni kwakhe kamva. Kwiminyaka emininzi kamva.
Kwakhona umbhali omkhulu amabali amafutshane okanye iinoveli, Bulgakov ilifa ubukho umkhenkce EChekhov kuphela kukuba udlule kwiprism ehamba kumava akhe aphazamisayo njengogqirha ukuya kugxininiso lwakhe olukhethekileyo kuphuhliso lwembali.
Iincwadi ezi-3 ezicetyiswayo nguMikhail Bulgakov
Utitshala noMargarita
Intando yolawulo iyafana nakweliphi na ixesha lembali, kangangokuba ukuqonda ubunyani bomsebenzi ofana nalo kuya kuqondakala ngakumbi. Kodwa njengako nakuphi na ukuthanda komntu, izihlandlo ezininzi kubonakala ngathi kuphenjelelwa emlilweni wesihogo ngumkhandi wesinyithi ogama linguMtyholi owamdambisa uThixo owadala umntu njengeprojekthi edanisayo.
Xa usathana efika eMoscow kuphononongo lwakhe lwamaxesha ngamaxesha kuso sonke isixeko esinikezelwe ngokuphandle kuyilo lwakhe, siya kufumana i-epic protagonist efana noMargarita, ekuphakameni kweDante, umlinganiswa obhabhela phezulu ngaphezu kwazo zonke iintlobo zabemi besixeko esinokuthi sigqibelele. ilandela imiyalelo yemeko yomntu elusizi.
Ukuzingca ngomsebenzi wakhe, umtyholi, nangona kunjalo, uzingisa ukuba uMargaret ongayekeleli kunye nesilingo esikhululekile sobubi esilawula ubuthathaka kunye nezilingo ezinokonakala ngokulula kwaye zithetheleleka ngokumangalisayo phakathi kwengqiqo kunye nesazela.
Kukho ingongoma engaqhelekanga kwi-crux yebali, kodwa kungekhona ukuchithwa okupheleleyo komsebenzi osibonisa indalo ephazamisayo yexesha lombhali. Intambo icacile kwaye i-curious meta-literary subplots kude nomzuzu oyintloko wembali (ngexesha kunye nendawo) ikhonza ukudibanisa yonke into, ukugxila ngakumbi kwindawo ephambili, ikamva likaMtyholi ngehlabathi lenze inkundla yakhe ethembekileyo, phakathi kwamasikizi kunye namahlaya.
Ngaphandle kukaMargarita, iqhawekazi eliphuculweyo lendlela yokuziphatha enokushiyeka ngaphandle kwayo yonke into. Kuba kungakhathaliseki ukuba sixelelwa kangakanani na ngeapile neParadesi, kusenokwenzeka ukuba nguAdam ngokwakhe owaqingqa isiqhamo. Usathana uya kukhathalela ukubhala yonke into umva.
Amaqanda abulalayo
Mhlawumbi ekuphela kwendlela yokujongana noozwilakhe ukuze ukwazi ukulwa nabo kwisazela soluntu ziintsomi zesimbo George Orwell okanye iphupha elihlekisayo elimelwa yile noveli.
Kuba ngokuqinisekileyo akukhathaliseki nokuba ulawulo lobuzwilakhe, nokuba liphiko lasekhohlo okanye lasekunene. Ingxaki luloyiko, isiphumo sokuzithoba kunye nobuchule obufunyenweyo bokwenza uninzi lwabemi lube ngamakholwa akhonzayo. Ukuya kutsho kuhlaselo olungaphaya kunokwenzeka kuyo yonke into evakala ngathi kukuchaswa nguye nawuphi na umntu owosulelwe luloyiko lokuqala. Ngaphantsi koqweqwe lwentelekelelo engeyontsomi kangako, umbhali uthumela inyaniso erhabaxa ngokuqhuma kwakhe okuqhelekileyo koburharha, ngamanye amaxesha abenzakalisayo, asoloko enobuqili kwaye ekrelekrele.
UNjingalwazi uPersikov ubandakanyeka ekuphandeni ukonakala kwezilwanyana kunye nezityalo ukuze zikhule ngokungafaniyo (kuvakala ngathi ukuguqulwa kwethu kwemfuza kokutya). Kodwa ekugqibeleni, izilwanyana zabo kunye neetemplates, ezixhomekeke kwiimfuno zikarhulumente zokuphucula eso sikhundla, ukufikelela kwixhala, ukunyanzeliswa, amanqanaba afana namaphupha obukhulu ... lonke elaseRashiya ngenxa yobudenge babo bakholelwa ukuba bangalawula yonke into ngokuthanda kwabo.
Imofini
Ukuba yayinokukhulelwa oko Edgar Allan Poe wazalwa ngokutsha kumbhali ongumRashiya, le ncwadi yayinokuqondwa njengobona bungqina bucacileyo. Ngaphandle kwenjongo yokugqibela yomnye okanye omnye umbhali, ngokungathandabuzekiyo ephawulwe ziimeko zembali zomntu ngamnye kunye noshicilelo loyilo oluthe ekugqibeleni lwabakhokelela ekubeni babhale, ukuthanda okufanayo okumangalisayo kwabo bobabini ababhali kunye nencasa ye-narcotics ikhokelele kubuchule ngamanye amaxesha. usithekile.
Ukukhokela nokusithatha bafundi kwezo meko zityelelwa ebomini ngabasebenzisi abaqhele ukusebenzisa iziyobisi ezahlukeneyo. Kodwa ingongoma kukufumanisa kumsebenzi ofana nalo inkcazo yenkqubo, ukuhlelwa kohambo oluya kwezo paradise zengqondo, kule meko itsalwa kwingqondo yi-morphine.
Njengogqirha oselula kwaye mhlawumbi wagqithiswa ngumsebenzi wakhe, ejongene neemeko angazange azicinge, uBulgakov waphendukela kweli chiza ukuze aphephe. Kule ncwadi sihamba ngezo ntsuku zogqirha omncinci ejongene nokuqaliswa kwakhe kwingozi ngeyona ndlela ikrwada nengalindelekanga, ejongene namatyala awayengenakuze awabale kubuchwephesha bakhe.
