Fumana ezona ncwadi zi-3 zigqwesileyo nguChekhov omkhulu

Ngokubhekiselele kwingxelo emfutshane, UAnton Chekhov iba yindawo ekubhekiswa kuyo kubo bonke abo bathandana ngokufutshane, kunye nokuhlanganiswa, kunye namabali amancinci anokuthi adlulise ubungakanani behlabathi elihlala koko kucetyiswayo, kwinto ebhengeziweyo ngokulula.

Ibali lixesha lokuphumla lobomi bomntu, ufundo olupheleleyo olunokonwabela kuhambo oluya kuyo nayiphi na indawo okanye njengesihambisi ngaphambi kokulala. Kwaye kuloo mfezeko imfutshane I-Chekhov iphuma njengeyona ngqondo inkulu kunazo zonke. Ukuzinikezela kwisishwankathelo, njengombhali, kunokucingelwa njengendawo ephazamisayo. Wonke umbalisi ubonakala esalatha kwinoveli yakhe yokugqibela, evula indalo epheleleyo nangaphezulu.

U-Chekhov akazange abhale inoveli ngengqiqo yomsebenzi we-voluminous kunye ne-capitulated kunye nendlela ecacileyo, uphuhliso kunye nokuvalwa. Ukanti, umsebenzi wakhe usekho nanamhlanje ngamandla afana nalawo alo naliphi na elinye ilizwi. Ukuya kuthi ga ngoku, kunye UTolstoy y UDostoevsky, ubhala i-trilogy engenakuthelekiswa nanto yoncwadi lwaseRussia nolwehlabathi, ngokwahluka kunye nobunzulu bayo.

Ukuqala kwayo kwaphawulwa ngokuyimfuneko. Ababhali njengohlobo lwababhali bemihlathi yentsomi babefunwa kakhulu ngexesha likaChekhov. Nje ukuba idityanisiwe, akazange ayeke ukubhala ngokufutshane, ngombono we-anecdotal, yeso siganeko esinye njengeyona nto ibonakalisa ukuba singobani.

Iincwadi ezi-3 ezibalulekileyo zikaChekhov

Ibali elikruqulayo kunye namanye amabali

Ukufumanisa i-Chekhov kungena kwezo ntlobo zezigaba ukuba wonke umdali uhlala ehamba kuzo. Izigaba eziphawulwe ngesidingo okanye ukukhangela. Kolu khetho kuvela amabali okuqala agcwele uburharha obuhlekisayo, kunye namanye anzulu kwizinto ezikhoyo.

Isishwankathelo: I-anthology yamabali esiwunikezela kuwe iqulunqa isampula ecebileyo kunye neyohlukeneyo yobugcisa bakhe, ukusuka kumabali eentsuku zakhe zokuqala, iziqwenga ezimnandi ezihlekisayo, ngaphandle kwesiqalo okanye isiphelo, ezibonisa ngokupheleleyo ubuhle baseChekhov: ubulula kunye nobufutshane, ukuya Amabali acacisa ngakumbi ngexesha lakhe lokuvuthwa, ukusuka kwi-1886, apho ngaphandle kokuphulukana neotaa yoburharha i-Chekhovian melancholy ityhilwa.

Ukhetho esilunikelayo lwenziwe ngezi zihloko zilandelayo: Ibali elikruqulayo, uKashtanka, umlinganiswa oyindida, Inkwenkwe egadileyo, Ukunyelisa, Umdlalo waseSweden, Umenzi wobubi, Wayibaxa inqaku kunye nentombazana yokubonisa. Ekuboneni kokuqala, kubonakala ngathi akukho ngaphezulu kwamaqhekeza obomi adlulayo, kodwa enyanisweni ziziphumo zobugcisa obugqityiweyo.

Intlanzi yaselwandle; oodade abathathu; Malume uVania

Kuthiwa i-melancholy luvuyo lokuba lusizi. I-paradox kwimeko ye-Chekhov inento yokwenza nobuthathaka bakhe bomzimba kodwa kunye nembono yakhe eyingozi yelizwe lakhe kunye nehlabathi.

Kula mabali unika umzekelo olungileyo wombhali okwaziyo ukuhambisa ezona mvakalelo zinzulu, zihlanganisiweyo, zixineneyo, ehambisa oyena mntu unzulu kwihlabathi elimiselwe ukuphakamisa eyona mpucuko imbi.

Isishwankathelo: Le misebenzi imangalisayo isibonisa ukuhla koluntu oluphezulu lwaseRussia ngaphambi nje kokuwa kwalo. Kule meko, abalinganiswa abaziyo ukuba banelungelo lokungena kwisiphithiphithi, basabela ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo ngokuxhomekeke kubuntu babo: ukunganyaniseki kunye nokuthandabuza kwabo babukeleyo abacacileyo nabanovelwano, bediniwe kunye nokungakwazi ukusabela kwezona zinto zibuthathaka.

UChekhov ubonakalisa kwimisebenzi yakhe impixano yobomi bezentlalo zelizwe lakhe ngasekupheleni kwenkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba nangaphambi kovukelo lwedemokhrasi olwaqala ngo-1905 ukuya ku-1907. Ngokucacileyo nangokungenanceba uchaza ukuthotywa okuthe ngcembe, kwezoqoqosho nakwezenkcubeko. egxile ingqalelo kwikamva leklasi yakhe yentlalo.

I-Chekhov yazisa utshintsho olukhulu kwiindlela zedrama, inika isenzo esimangalisayo isakhiwo esitsha esinokubandakanya nayiphi na imbonakalo yobomi. Ngokulandelelana okulula kwemizobo yemihla ngemihla ukufezekisa ukubonakala ngokubanzi, ngamanye amaxesha ngamandla amakhulu.

Iinoveli ezintlanu ezimfutshane

Phantse phakathi kwebali elandisiweyo kunye ne-newvelle, ezi zikhetho zintlanu zabelana ngombono wenzonzobila yoluntu lwaseRussia ngelo xesha, kunye nokunikezelwa kwabalinganiswa kwibali ngalinye.

Ukoyisa njengeemvakalelo ezahlukeneyo zekamva elimiselweyo phakathi kokuzola okufileyo okuthi ngamanye amaxesha kubonakale ngathi kukufixiza.

Isishwankathelo: U-Anton P. Chekhov wasungula indlela entsha yokubalisa apho ubude bungachazwanga ngokwemigaqo yegeneric, kodwa zizinto zebali ngokwalo. Kwezi Iinoveli ezintlanu ezimfutshane ekhethwe yaza yaguqulelwa nguVíctor Gallego, sibona kwimeko yakhe yonke ukuphatha kwakhe ixesha kunye nokuyibonisa ngokulandelelana, kungekho enye ikhalenda ngaphandle kwale ibekwe ngabalinganiswa bezenzo zabo kunye nokungazenzi.

Yonke iyimisebenzi yokukhula: "Ibali elikruqulayo" (1889), "iDuel" (1891), "Igumbi lesithandathu" (1892), "Ibali lomntu wasemzini" (1893) kunye "neminyaka emithathu" (1895).