ʻO nā puke maikaʻi loa 3 na Ramón María del Valle-Inclán

Aia kekahi manawa ma Sepania i ka wā ʻo bohemia ka palapala a ʻo ka palapala ke ʻano maikaʻi loa o ka bohemia. No ka mea i kēlā mau manawa, ʻo ka bohemian ka mea i kūpono ʻole i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, e hoʻopau ana i ka wehewehe ʻana i loko o ka puke moʻolelo i ke ao holoʻokoʻa o ka poʻe makemake e hōʻike maopopo i ka dinchantment a hāʻawi i kēlā hui like ʻole ma waena o ka hedonism a me ka nihilism.

A ma laila kēlā ʻO Ramón María del Valle-Inclán ʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano he mea hōʻailona me kāna pāʻani "Luces de Bohemia", kahi kuhikuhi no ka hanauna o 98 a no ka wā mōʻaukala i noho i ka ala ʻana i ke kenekulia iwakālua.

Akā, ʻoiai ʻo Luces de Bohemia, kahi hōʻike pololei o kēlā ola bohemian Valle-Inclan ua hui ʻo ia, ʻoiai e neʻe ana i ke kahua i ka manaʻo a me ka manaʻo o kēlā mau mea hana i neʻe i waena o ka huikau a me ka manaʻolana. Ua hana kolohe ʻo Valle-Inclán i hiki ai iā ia ke hoʻokuʻu iā ia iho mai ka hoʻokauwā ʻana i kahi hana nui. Ua ʻōlelo ʻia e kākau, ua uhi kēia mea kākau i nā puke, nā mele, nā moʻolelo, nā moʻolelo a me nā nūpepa pū kekahi, e mālama ana i nā mea āpau a lilo i mea nui i ka nohona moʻomeheu o kēia manawa.

ʻO Tertullian o ke kūlana hanohano a me kahi duelist florin maikaʻi ʻole, ua hiki iā ia ke hoʻohui i nā hana ʻelua, ua nalowale kona lima ma hope o kahi paio i kahi hui nui me Manuel Bueno Bengoechea.

I loko o ka palapala a Valle-Inclán, ua like ka hanu o kahi Sepania i ʻokiʻoki ʻia i waho a hoʻoweliweli ʻia e luku ʻia i loko. Ma kahi mamao loa mai ka manaʻolana, ua lilo kāna hana i ʻeleʻele i ka wā e hoʻohui ai kēia polopeka kahiko i kona pessimism i nā manaʻo o ka ʻelemakule. ʻO ia ka manawa i hānau ʻia ai ʻo Luces de Bohemia a me kāna mea kupanaha kaulana loa kahi i hoʻololi ʻia ai ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o kona mau manawa ola, he ʻōlelo hoʻohālike hewa i hoʻomau ʻia ma nā ʻōlelo pilikanaka a me ka politika a hiki i kēia lā, i koʻu manaʻo.

ʻO 3 mau puke Valle-Inclán ʻoi loa

Nā kukui Bohemian

ʻO ka heluhelu keaka nō hoʻi kona manaʻo. E ʻike i nā hiʻohiʻona hoʻololi ʻana ma lalo o ke kahua hoʻohālikelike like ʻole o ka noʻonoʻo heluhelu, mau loa ma luna o ka hale keaka Broadway maikaʻi loa.

Ma ka hihia o kēia hana, lawe pū ka mea i kahi pae kiʻekiʻe. Ma lalo o ka prism o Max Estrella ke komo nei mākou i nā lā o ka hui ʻana ma waena o ka ideological a me existentialists, i nā pō o ka haʻalele ʻana o kahi decadent Madrid.

Ma waena o nā kūkākūkā maikaʻi, huhū a hoʻopaʻapaʻa ʻike mākou i kēlā ʻōlelo kupaianaha Macbethian kupaianaha e wehewehe nei i ka grotesque, kēlā ʻōlelo e wehewehe ana, mai ka hilahila ʻole, ka nalo ʻana o nā waiwai a me ka manaʻo o ka eo aloha ʻāina i ka hopena o ka pōʻaiapili.

ʻO kahi masterpiece piha i nā hōʻailona e like me ka makapō ponoʻī o Max Estrella a i ʻole nā ​​aniani kilohi kaulana a mākou e pau ai i ka nānā ʻana i kekahi i ka wā e kū ai i ka ʻawaʻawa o nā kūlana.

Nā Hōʻailona Tyrant

E pili ana i ka moʻolelo, ʻo kēia hana ka mea i waiwai nui ʻia e ka mea kākau Galician. Mahalo i kāna huakaʻi i ʻAmelika, ua ʻohi ʻo Valle-Inclán i nā manaʻo kaiāulu e hoʻohālikelike me nā mea ma Sepania.

A ʻo ia ke ʻano o kāna hana ʻana i kahi ʻāina noʻonoʻo hou āna i kapa ai ʻo Santa Fe de Tierra Firme a ua lawelawe ʻo ia e hoʻololi i ke kiʻi o nā dictators mai ʻaneʻi a ma ʻaneʻi, me ka hopena hope loa no ka poʻe, ma nā wahi a lākou e noho ai.

ʻO General Santos Banderas, he kanaka pupule ʻoiaʻiʻo i mālama i ka ʻāina, alakaʻi i nā hoʻolālā o ka ʻāina me ka lima kaumaha. I ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana iā ia, ʻo ka lehulehu wale o ka poʻe idealist hiki ke hoʻohewa i ke ʻano hiʻohiʻona i manaʻo ʻia.

ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, wehe ka moʻolelo i nā mea like ma waena o nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua o ka Atlantika, hui pū. Ma waho aʻe o ka ʻōlelo, e nā kuʻuna like o kahi mana i hāʻawi ʻia i ka hoʻopau ʻana i nā kānaka, kahi i ʻike ʻia ai nā mea i hoʻohewa ʻia i ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a me ka hiki ʻole ke hoʻokele i ko lākou hopena.

Wolf aloha

Ma ka trilogy kaulana ʻo "Barbarian Comedies", ua lilo kēia ʻāpana i mea haku poʻokela o ka mea kākau. ʻO ka mea nona ka ʻāina ʻo Galician ʻo Juan Montenegro ke nānā aku nei i kona mau lā hope me ka hoʻomau ʻana o kahi mea e kū nei i ka make me ka manaʻolana pohihihi o ka puka lanakila. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka huakaʻi mua o nā ʻuhane ma ke ʻano he hui hoʻokahi kahi e pau ai mākou i ka parading.

ʻO ka paʻakikī o Juan Montenegro, paradoxically hāʻawi ʻia i nā lima o ka pupule a me ke kanikau ma hope o ka lilo ʻana o nā mea āpau, he hiʻohiʻona o ke koa i mua o ka mea make. Hana maikaʻi ʻia nā ʻōuli o ka make i nā wahi maoli o Galicia.

Eia nō naʻe, he ʻāpana o ke ʻano o ka lawe ʻana i kāna mau hewa ma mua o ka hopena, he kanaka maikaʻi kūʻē i hiki ke mālama i nā mea āpau i ke ʻano o ke kanaka. ʻO ka hoʻokiʻekiʻe i hele pū me ia mai kona hānau ʻana, ua hoʻemi ʻia ʻo ia e aʻo ai e ʻike i kēlā mau leka mai ka makani, ka ua, a me ka uila.

Ma ke ʻano he hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo, hiki ke ʻōlelo ʻia ʻo ka pūʻulu kahi moʻolelo moʻolelo e pili ana i ke ola a me ka make a me ka loaʻa ʻana o ke kaulahao e pili ana i kekahi i kekahi.