3 mafi kyawun littattafai na Fyodor Dostoyevsky

Babu wanda zai ce Dostoyevsky ya mika wuya ga hannun adabi na godiya ga marubutan soyayya. Idan za a iya haskaka wani abu a ciki mai girma Dostoyevsky shi ne rawness a cikin wani abin sha'awa mai ban sha'awa na ɗan adam na kowane ɗayan haruffan sa.

Amma tabbas ya kasance. Motsin soyayya, wanda, kodayake an riga an kama shi a tsakiyar ja da baya, har yanzu yana da tasiri mai mahimmanci akan karatun da ya zama abinci na farko ga Fyodor.

Abin da ya faru shi ne cewa marubucin ya gano cewa gaskiyar taurin kai ne. Halin rikice-rikice da lalacewar zamantakewar jama'ar Rasha sun ƙare sun kawo wani nau'i na muses waɗanda suka fi dacewa da gaske kuma sun ƙaddara su shiga cikin hutu na ƙarshe na rai.

Daga cikin kyawawan kyawawan labarun labari, duk da wannan, gabaɗayan gardamar ta ta mamaye wannan jin na rashin gajiyawa, wanda aka bayyana ta hanyar al'ummomin da ke mulki, sama da duka, ta hanyar tsoro da wani nau'in zato na mutuwa a matsayin kawai makoma na mutanen da aka sadaukar da su ga hanyar tsarism. .

Baya ga wannan niyya na yin nuni da ayyukan zamantakewa na ƙasarsa da kuma neman zurfin ruhin halayensa, Dostoyevski ba zai iya guje wa ƙwarewar rayuwarsa a matsayin dalilin adabi ba. Domin matsayinsa na siyasa, da zarar ya bayyana, kuma lokacin da za a iya ɗaukar sadaukar da adabinsa da haɗari, ya kai ga yanke masa hukuncin aikin tilastawa a Siberia.

An yi sa'a ya tsere daga hukuncin kisa don hada baki kuma, bayan ya yi aiki a cikin sojojin Rasha a matsayin kashi na biyu na hukuncinsa, ya sake rubutawa.

3 Shawarar Littattafan Dostoyevsky

Wawa

Ba tare da shakka muna fuskantar ɗaya daga cikin manyan litattafan hali ba. Duk abin da ke faruwa a cikin wannan labari yana faruwa ne ta hanyar mahangar waɗannan cikakkun jaruman adabin duniya. Zaren gama gari wanda ke da wahalar bayyanawa a cikin tsarin ba da labari na al'ada kuma, duk da haka, jituwa gaba ɗaya wanda ya ƙare har ya haɗa taswirar tunanin ɗan adam mara ƙima, na motsin rai da tunani wanda ya ƙare ya motsa mu duka.

Mutumin da aka fallasa ga rikici, ga hasara, da yanke ƙauna, ya ƙare ya janye cikin kansa, gano jahannama da ainihin gaskiyar rayuwa. Idan Dostoyevsky ya kasance likitan hauka, tabbas zai iya ƙayyade rashin lafiya a kallon mara lafiya, a cikin motsin zuciyarsa, a cikin rictus. Bayanin haruffan da ke cikin wannan labari a zahiri babu wani alkalami ba zai iya samu ba.

Takaitaccen bayani: An rubuta shi a cikin shekarun da Fyodor M. Dostoyevski (1821-1881) ya yi yawo a Turai da masu ba da bashi, marasa lafiya da mabukata, "The Idiot" (1868) babu shakka ɗayan manyan adabi ne.

Littafin, wanda ci gabansa ya dogara da ra'ayin wakiltar wani archetype na kyawawan dabi'u, yana da Prince Myshkin a matsayin babban jarumi - hali mai kama da Raskolnikov a cikin Laifuka da azabtarwa ko Stavrogin a cikin "Aljanu" - wanda Halinsa, mahimmanci, yana ba da aikin takensa, cikin jiki na duk ɗabi'u masu alaƙa da ruhun Kirista, Myshkin, duk da haka, a cikin fasiƙanci, ba ya yin wani abu da ya wuce rushewa, tare da rayuwarsa, na yawancin waɗanda suka zo wurinsa.

Laifi da Hukunci

Na san kuna iya rashin jituwa game da wuri na biyu da aka ba wannan aikin. Amma tabbas na fi son The Idiot sosai, saboda abin da na riga na ambata. A bayyane yake cewa wannan labari, wanda duk wani marubuci ya rubuta, zai kasance a matsayinsa na farko domin wannan labari ya zama mafi kyawun mahawara a cikin adabin duniya.

Takaitaccen bayani: Wannan labari, ɗaya daga cikin mafi girma kuma mafi dorewa a cikin adabin duniya, yana ɗauke da jigogin halayen Dostoyevsky guda biyu: alaƙar da ke tsakanin laifi da azaba da kuma tunanin ikon fansa na wahalar ɗan adam, yana haɓaka tashin hankali tsakanin nagarta da mugunta. .

Karkashin tsarin ilimin halitta na littafin labari, ya ƙunshi kwatancen metaphysical da na ɗabi'a. Dostoyevsky ya lura cewa hukunci baya tsoratar da mai laifi, "tunda ya riga ya nemi ladabi."

'Yan uwan ​​Karamazov

Dangantakar dan Adam bata da kyau. Ana iya tunanin cewa mutum ne ainihin kerkeci ga mutum ko, akasin haka, ana iya fassara shi cewa horarwa da ilimi a kusa da tsayayyen tsarin zamantakewa ya ƙarfafa tsawon lokaci a kusa da mai kyau wanda ke ba da damar motsi lokaci-lokaci zuwa ga mugunta Suna shan wahala daga waɗancan halaye na ƙarshe da ɗan adam halittu sun ƙare a matsayin wani abu na halitta. Wani labari game da hulɗar zamantakewa. Madubin gaskiyar Rasha a matsayin tunani inda za mu iya gane kowace al'umma da kyau.

Takaitaccen bayani: A cikin 'Yan'uwan Karamázov, sabon aiki da haɓakar tunaninsa da fasaharsa, yana haɓaka tabbatacciyar ƙudurinsa na buƙatar canji mai mahimmanci a cikin makomar zamantakewa da ɗabi'a ta bil'adama.

Marubucin ya kwatanta hoto mai ban tausayi na al'ummar zamaninsa kuma ya yi tir da cin hanci da rashawa na ikon kuɗi, shaye -shaye marasa tsari, son kai da wulakanci na ruhaniya. Wannan labari - aikin ƙarshe na babban marubuci - yana tona asirin wani hoton da aka gama na al'ummar Rasha a tsakiyar ƙarni na sha tara.

Dostoevsky shine mashahurin mawaƙi a zanen da kalmomi yadda mutane ke kafa karkatacciyar alaƙa, da yin lalata da lalata juna don kuɗi, da nuna sha'awar sha'awa. Mutuwar Karamazov - azzalumin mai gidan ƙasa - ya jefa tuhuma kan 'ya'yansa biyu, waɗanda ke da dalilai fiye da ɗaya na ƙin mahaifinsu.

Sonan na uku, Alyosha, mai kirki da tsarkakakke, yana da 'yanci daga duk caji da ayyukan gaba. Wannan labari ya taƙaita damuwar falsafa da addini na Dostoevsky: 'yan'uwantaka ta duniya, fitowar "Rashawa", da dawo da jin daɗin addini na gaskiya.