Ezona ncwadi zi-3 zigqwesileyo ngu-Karl Marx

Ukuba kukho i-ideologue, umntu ocinga okanye kutheni angayitsho, ilitye lembombo kwihlabathi eliphambili lokucinga ukusukela kwinkulungwane ye-XNUMX ukuza kuthi ga namhlanje, oko kukuthi UKarl Marx. Njengoko sele kwenzekile nge UFriedrich Nietzsche okanye nenye ifilosofi okanye umntu ocinga, ngamanye amaxesha ndiyathanda ukuzisa ezo ababhali abaye bakhanyisa ingcinga, abasebenzise uncwadi njengomthombo wokubeka abamnyama emhlophe, apho bachumise isizukulwana esizayo iingcinga zabo neengcinga zabo, iindawo zabo zokukhanyisa kwinyani ezayo kuluntu kwezopolitiko, kwezentlalo, kwezenzululwazi nakwifilosofi.

Ukusuka kuMarx kwafika, ewe, iMarxism. Kodwa kuye kwavela ubukomanisi okanye ukuthanda izinto zembali. Kwimeko kaKarl Marx, ihlala ingumbandela wokujongana nenyani ebonakalayo kunye nenyaniso yokwenyani, yokuxabisa umsantsa kunye nokuhlutha inyoka yamandla, uzimisele ukwenza abantu bahlala besetyenziselwa ukudibana namavili okusila, ukusuka kubuhedeni ukuya Oku kwakuphila ngaye, iinkqubo ezintsha zemveliso kwimizi-mveliso ekuqaleni koqoqosho lwangoku olulawulayo kude kube ngoku. kunye nokusetyenziswa).

Kuyinto enokwenzeka ukuba ukuba uMarx wayengazalwanga, kwakuza kufuneka ayile. Ke ukuphazamiseka komlingiswa wakhe eYurophu kwakubalulekile. Phakathi kwama-anarchist azinikele kuhlaziyo ngenxa yabo kwaye oongxowankulu bazimisele ukungahoyi abasebenzi, uMarx wavela kunye nomgaqo wakhe wobukomanisi, ithiyori yongenelelo ngokuchasene nenkululeko esele ifakiwe kwaye isikelelwe nguAdam Smith.

Ingxaki yomzabalazo weklasi yanikezelwa kwisiqingatha seYurophu. Kwaye akunakutshiwo ukuba uMarx wayengumchwephezi wenguqu kuphela. Wayebandakanyeka kuninzi lweentshukumo eziguqukayo, ade ahlawule iindleko zezixhobo zezixhobo ngamanye amaxesha.

NgeManfesto yamaKomanisi njengomsebenzi omkhulu, uMarx waphumelela ukufaka ulwazi oluyimfuneko eklasini. Mhlawumbi idabi lokugqibela, ukusuka kolu lwazi lwaseburhulumenteni, alinakuze liphumelele ngenxa yokungavisisani okukhoyo phakathi kwemisinga yamaphiko asekhohlo eqhubeka unanamhla.

Ngelo xesha kwakungekho mvumelwano kunye ne-anarchist, eyayikwiziko elifanayo langoku njenge-International kwaye ikhokelwa nguMarx. Ama-anarchist e-Bakunin ahlala ephika oko kubizwa ngokuba ngurhulumente, umbindi wegunya lokulungisa ukuphambuka kwenkululeko. Kwaye ngokwenzekileyo eRussia, eCuba okanye kwezinye iinqaba zobukomanisi zamva nje, babenyanisile. Ithiyori, eyabhalwa nguMarx kwaye yamkelwa nguLennin inokuba nokulingana ngokwasentlalweni okuninzi. Kodwa uMarx wayengenakucinga ukuba amandla ayonakalisa yonke into, rhoqo.

Ngaphandle koku, eyona nto intle yokuthanda izinto ihlala isebenza njengombane kwaye iyinqaba yokuqala yokulwa nobukapitali obungalawulekiyo. Kwaye kwimzekeliso engafumanekiyo iyimfuneko nanamhlanje.

Iincwadi ezi-3 eziphezulu ezicetyiswayo zikaMarx

Imanifesto yobukomanisi

Ekunye no-Engels, uKarl Marx wayibhala le ncwadi phaya emva phayaa ngo-1848. Nangona ingeyoncwadi yakhe enzulu, wayihlangula kwasekuqaleni ngenxa yokubaluleka kwayo ngokwembali.

Ukufuna ulwimi oluchazayo nolusoloko lukhanyisela ukukhula koqoqosho longxowankulu, ubumnandi bakhe basebenza njengesiseko sayo yonke intshukumo yeklasi elandelayo.

Njengoko besele nditshilo ngaphambili, okoko nje ukungangqinwa kungangqinelwanga, umntu akakwazi ukwenza intlalontle yokwenyani yentlalo, ezinikezela ukugqibezela ukulingana, ukulungelelanisa phakathi kweeklasi.

Kuzo zonke ezi zizathu, le ncwadi iqokelela iminqweno yezigidi zabantu abasebenza befuna ubulungisa kwezentlalo, ukongeza ekuchazeni ngokucacileyo iinyani, inegalelo kwinkolo, iinkolelo, ithemba, uhlobo lwebhayibhile yezentlalo nezopolitiko ethi Ikwaqulunqwe yingqondo yesilumko eyakhiwe ngamava, amava kunye nohlaziyo lomntu ukusukela kolunye uguquko, olweshishini.

Ukukhangela okuqaqambileyo kokulinganisela phakathi kweekhonsepthi ezinobunzima ezinje ngobudlelwane bemveliso, imikhosi yokuvelisa kunye nokuqonda koluntu okuthe kwahambisa ilizwe de kwaba luHlaziyo olutsha lwetekhnoloji ngesakhelo esingachazwanga (uKarl Marx omtsha uyafuneka, njengokutya).

Inkunzi

Kuthathelwa ingqalelo njengomsebenzi wobugcisa kaMarx. Ukujongana notshaba lwakho, kunyanzelekile ukuba umazi ... Kwaye yiyo loo nto le ncwadi iqondwa ngenjongo yokuchithwa ngokupheleleyo koqoqosho lwezopolitiko, nayo yonke intsingiselo yokuba le njongo inezopolitiko kunye nezoqoqosho zihlala zihamba kunye.

Isandla esingabonakaliyo sika-Adam Smith sidinga esinye isandla sikarhulumente katata owaziyo ukuphinda athumele ukugqitha kunyana ongenalusizo njengemarike. Ngumsebenzi obhalwe iminyaka emibini kodwa wagqitywa nguEngels ngokudityaniswa okwamthatha iminyaka eli-9 emva kokubhubha kukaMarx.

Inyani yile yokuba lo msebenzi wenkqubo yobungxowankulu obunobudenge phambi kwakhe wabonakala inani likaMarx isesinye sezona Zona ziphatho zibalaseleyo kubungxowankulu obukhoyo kuyo nayiphi na inkqubo evelisayo, kwingqikelelo kunye nomdla kuphela wokugqibela wokwanelisa amabhongo.

Ngobungqongqo obukhulu bezobuchwephesha, nangona kunjalo ikwazisa ubuqaqawuli beenkcukacha, ukujongwa komhlaba ongaphantsi kwenkqubo yongxowankulu ...

Ukudumisa ulwaphulo-mthetho

Ukusuka kumbhali omkhulu, kunqabile. Kuhlala kunomdla ukufumanisa le ncwadi ikhethekileyo, loo msebenzi uzisa ngequbuliso umbono okanye ungene kwimixholo ekude kakhulu. Kukho izinto ezininzi ezinxaxhileyo kubungendawo, kubundlobongela, kulwaphulo-mthetho.

Kwaye yintoni ukuthandabuza ukuba ingumxholo ekuhlala kufuneka sihlale nawo njengabemi? Yintoni eyenzelwe uKarl Marx kulo msebenzi ubodwa kukuhlalutya amajelo amaziko okujongana nobubi, ulwaphulo-mthetho, ukuguqulwa kokuziphatha ukuba kube ngumthetho, ubunzima bezomthetho kwaye, ekugqibeleni, kunjalo, ukungalingani kolwaphulo-mthetho phakathi kweeklasi.