Ukunxibelelana sisipho. Ulwimi sisixhobo. umbhali waseFransi URoland Barthes Ungene kubunzulu bolwimi ekhangela eyona ntsingiselo yesenzi, isibizo, isichazi... sazo zonke iindidi zamagama kunye neeyunithi zolwimi. Kodwa ukwaseka umbono wakhe wepanlinguistic kwisandi ulwimi oluzalwa ngalo (into yokuthetha okanye umthamo) okanye uphawu esenza ngalo ulwimi kwaye, ke ngoko, unxibelelwano.
Ingongoma kukwenza isivumelwano kodwa ngaloo moya wokufundisa osenza sivakalelwe kukuba, njengokuba kungenakuba ngenye indlela, umba wolwimi nonxibelelwano usixhalabisa sonke. Masikhumbule ukuba ngesipho kunye nesixhobo esaqala ngaso esi sithuba ... Ukuba unezixhobo kwaye uyayazi ixabiso lazo, unxibelelwano luba sisipho esenziwe njengesixhobo sokukholisa, ukucenga okanye ukuhambisa njenge-echo naphi na apho iimvakalelo zitolika ntoni. okanye ibhalwe njengomculo ngesizathu.
Ngoko uRoland Barthes luhlobo oluthile ifilosofi metalinguistic esikhokelela kubulumko obukhethekileyo apho sinokuthi sichaze i-etymology ngelixa sifumana uncamathiselo olukhethekileyo kuwo onke loo magama afika ngokungathi avela kubuchule besandla. Ngokuba phambi kwelizwi akukho nto. Kwaye kamsinya nje ukuba isebe lokuqala livuke singakwazi ukuguqula ubunyani malunga nabani na osiphulaphulayo. Ngenxa yokuba amazwi ethu aguqula ubunyani bokuziphendulela ukuba ngokwenyani yindlela esixelelwa ngayo kumlinganiselo omkhulu kunokuba kunokwenzeka okanye kungabikho.
Iincwadi ezi-3 eziphezulu ezicetyiswayo nguRoland Barthes
Ukusebeza kolwimi: Ngaphaya kwegama kunye nokubhala
Ilizwi langaphakathi liphawula inyathelo eliya kwintando. Ukusebeza kwangaphakathi, njengamarhe angevayo, kuphakathi komdla wethu wokunxibelelana nokukwazi kwethu ukwenjenjalo. Yonke into izalwa koko kusebezwa. Ukusukela kweso sisonwayo ngumbhali xa eza kuqalisa isahluko esitsha sencwadi yakhe ukuya kweso siveza ngaphandle oyena zwilakhe umbi wenza ingxolo, ukubhideka kwanoloyiko.
Ukusebeza kubonisa ingxolo elinganiselweyo, ingxolo engenakwenzeka, ingxolo yento, kuba isebenza ngokugqibeleleyo, ayivelisi ngxolo; Ukusebeza kukuvumela kwawona mphunga wengxolo uvakale: abatyhafileyo, ababhidekileyo, abangcangcazelayo bamkelwa njengemiqondiso yokucinywa kwesandi. Ke lona ulwimi, luyasebeza? Njengegama kubonakala ngathi isagwetyiwe ukuba gibberish; njengokubhala, ukuthulisa kunye nokwahlulwa kweempawu: kuyo nayiphi na imeko, ihlala inika intsingiselo eninzi kakhulu kulwimi ukuphumeza ulonwabo oluya kuba luphawu lwesifundo sayo. Kodwa into engenakwenzeka ayinakwenzeka: ukusebeza kolwimi kwenza i-utopia.
Loluphi uhlobo lwe-utopia? Oko komculo onentsingiselo. Ulwimi, ukusebeza, oluphathiswe umbonakalisi kwintshukumo engazange ibonwe ngaphambili, engaziwa ngeentetho zethu ezinengqondo, ngeso sizathu ayinakushiya intsingiselo yentsingiselo: intsingiselo, engahlulwanga, engangeneki, engachazwanga igama, nangona kunjalo, iya kubekwa mgama, njenge. isanga ... indawo ebhangayo yolonwabo. Luchulumanco lwentsingiselo endibuza ngalo xa ndimamele ukusebeza kolwimi, olo lwimi luthi, kum, ndoda yanamhlanje, iNdalo yam.
Okucacileyo kunye ne-obtuse: Imifanekiso, izijekulo kunye namazwi
Ukuqondwa ngokuzimeleyo kolwimi kwenza indalo iphela yokutolika, ukungaqondi kunye nezinye izinto ezibaleka umthumeli womyalezo. Okumangalisayo nokuxakayo, oku kusikelwa umda kukwabubutyebi bolwimi ekufuneka luphathwe, ngokutsho kombhali, ngokwembono yeemeko zethu zemeko okanye, masithi, isiphelo sokufunda phakathi kwemigca apho umntu anokuxoxa khona. ukuya kwinqanaba lobubhanxa xa ukuvala okanye intsingiselo engaqondakaliyo iphazamisa.
Kuyo nayiphi na inzame yokuthetha singakwazi ukwahlula amanqanaba amathathu: inqanaba lonxibelelwano, loo ntsingiselo, ehlala ihleli kwinqanaba lomfuziselo, kwinqanaba lemiqondiso, kunye nenqanaba elithi uRoland Barthes libalulekile.
Kodwa ngokomfuziselo, lowo uhlala kwinqanaba leempawu, kunokuthi kwahlulwe iinkalo ezimbini eziphikisanayo: eyokuqala yenziwe ngabom (ayikho ngaphezulu nangaphantsi koko umbhali wayefuna ukuyithetha), ngokungathi ikhutshwe kwisichazi-magama. isishwankathelo seesimboli; yintsingiselo ecacileyo kunye ne-patent engadingi i-exegesis yalo naluphi na uhlobo, yinto ephambi kwamehlo, intsingiselo ecacileyo.
Kodwa kukho enye intsingiselo, eyongeziweyo, leyo ifana nqwa nohlobo lwezongezelelo ezithi ingqondo ingakwazi ukuyidibanisa, inkani, ihexa, inkani, imtyibilizi. UBarthes ucebisa ukuyibiza ngokuba yingqiqo.
Ukwahluka ekubhaleni
Ngokwenene isihloko senqaku elabhalwa nguRoland Barthes kwi-1973, Ukwahluka ekubhaleni, inikezelwa njengokuhlanganiswa kweetekisi ngumbhali wayo ogubungela isiganeko esibuzwayo kuzo zonke iinkalo: izihloko ezifana negrama kunye neelwimi, kunjalo, kodwa nababhali abanjengoBenveniste, uJakobson okanye uLaporte, baqulunqa i-mosaic yethiyori apho kukho. kwakhona indawo amanqaku Barthes imbonakalo yakhe ngalo mba okanye nkqu amagqabantshintshi engaqhelekanga njengoko kunikezelwe kwisichazi-magama Hachette.
Ngokwembono yakhe njengesazi semiyoloji, uBarthes akajonganga ukubhala njengenkqubo esiyisebenzisayo ukuphazamisa kunye nokulungisa ulwimi olucacileyo, oluhlala lubaleka ngokwendalo. Ngokuchasene noko, ukuba ukubhala kwakhe kudlula kakhulu, kwaye, ukuthetha, ngokusemthethweni, kungekuphela nje ulwimi lomlomo, kodwa nolwimi ngokwalo, ukuba siyayivala, njengoko uninzi lweelwimi lufuna, kumsebenzi ococekileyo wonxibelelwano. Ukubonakaliswa okusekwe apha, njengoko kuhlala kunjalo kwimeko kaBarthes, njengobuganga obunxamnye nomthetho, kuba ekugqibeleni iguqula iitekisi zakhe zibe sisenzo soyilo kude kuhlalutywe izifundiswa.
