Iincwadi ezi-3 ezilungileyo zikaRudyard Kipling

Ukususela phakathi kwinkulungwane ye-XNUMX ukuya ekuqaleni kweyama-XNUMX, ababhali bajongana nehlabathi eliguqukayo. Umntu ngamnye ujongene nenxalenye yokuzibophelela ukuba uncwadi luhlala lunomlinganiselo omkhulu okanye omncinci, nokuba kungokwentlalo, kwezopolitiko, ngokomoya, ngokukhoyo okanye ngokulula nje kwimbali yamaxesha awayephila.

Kodwa njengoko nditshoyo, ababhali belo xesha lamaxesha oguquko kwimizi-mveliso, ungquzulwano lwemfazwe, impiriyali, imizabalazo yezentlalo, inzululwazi kunye nenkqubela phambili kwezobuchwephesha, babenokuninzi abanokukhetha ukukhetha ukugqiba ukubalisa ibali ngaphezulu okanye kancinci okunxibelelene nemiba yabantu yotshintsho. Ihlabathi.

URudyard Kipling yafunyanwa njenge Umbalisi webali ongaqhelekanga owathi nakwintsomi, kwi-adventure nakwiphupha wasoloko ebonisa injongo, ukuthanda ukuvusa ubuntu njengendawo efanelekileyo yokulinganisela kunye nokwazisa ngendalo esingqongileyo.

Ubuntununtunu bomntu owayeyimbongi edumileyo bufunyanwa kwiinoveli zakhe ezininzi, imvelaphi yakhe yaseIndiya kunye nomoya wakhe wokuhambahamba unika amabali okanye amabali akhe ngobuchule bokuqwalasela, ukuhlangula iimbono zenoveli kwizinto ezingaphaya kwamandla emihla ngemihla, aphele eqamba ingcamango. umsebenzi okwaziyo ukufikelela kuzo zonke iindidi zabafundi abanobunzima boncwadi obufanayo, ukusuka koyena mncinane ukuya komdala.

Iincwadi ezi-3 eziphezulu eziCetyiswayo nguRudyard Kipling

Incwadi yehlathi

Uhlengahlengiso lwangoku lwale noveli ibalaseleyo lunokunika imbono engephi kwibali lokuqala. Ngaphandle kokunciphisa injongo yokufikelela kumncinci kunye nomlingiswa we-Mowgli, isiphakamiso sokuqala kufuneka sihlangulwe ukuze sigqibe ukufumana ixabiso elipheleleyo.

Akusekho malunga nokuyinika imeko yezembali (nayo), kodwa inyani kukuba incindi yale noveli ifikelela kumbono wabantu kwindalo yabo yendalo.

Ngenxa yokuba impucuko yethu yenziwe ziidolophu, ubudlelwane obuncinci okanye obuncinci obusungulwe ngaphambili, bendima kunye namaziko, kodwa siyalibala ngenene ukuba imeko yethu yendalo yahlukile, ukuba indlela yethu kweli hlabathi inetyala kwinto ethe yazibophelela.

Kulapho uMowgli efumana ukubaluleka okukhethekileyo njengomfana osemncinci, osakwaziyo ukufunda izinto ezininzi ezilityelweyo malunga noku, umhlaba wethu ...

Indoda enokulawula

Iinguqulelo zangoku zihlala zishwankathela le noveli imfutshane kunye namanye amabali apapashwe kwiimpapasho ezahlukeneyo zexesha lombhali.

Kodwa inyani kukuba lo msebenzi uphakathi kwebali kunye nenoveli uhlala uphela ume ngaphandle ngenxa yeenjongo zawo eziphakathi kokuzonwabisa kunye nezopolitiko. Abalinganiswa abaphambili bebali bathatha umfanekiso wabo kuJames Brooke, owaba nguRajah wobukumkani bamandulo baseBorneo (obunye ubukumkani ngaphezulu "bonyuselwa" kubukhosi baseSpain, kodwa lelinye ibali ...) noJosiah Harlan.

Ngokusebenzisa aba balinganiswa sifumana ibali leentshukumo zekoloniyali apho kufunyanwa khona ukuthandwa kukaKipling ngale ndlela yokubuyela kwimeko yamaninzi amaninzi esiNgesi, ngakumbi kwiindawo zaseAsia.

Kodwa ukubalisa kukaKipling kuphelela ekusiboniseni ngebali apho ezopolitiko zithotyelwe kwimvelaphi ngokuxhasa umntu, ulonwabo, ubudlelwane bezenkcubeko, ukucebisa ukungaziphathi kakuhle kunye nomdla okhuphisanayo ophela ushukumisa iyelenqe.

UKim waseIndiya

Ukuba kukho umlinganiswa kwiibhayibhileyo zikaKipling ogqiba agqithe kwimida yomsebenzi, nguKimball O'Hara. Kumntwana oyinkedama sifumanisa ukoyisa, intlantsi yethamsanqa njengesiqhamo sentando yokoyisa yonke ikamva.

Kuba xa uKim efumanisa i-lama ezimisele ukufumana umlambo ongcwele, yena, ongenanto ezandleni zakhe, naye ubhalisela i-adventure.

Kwaye ukukhangela umlambo kugqiba ukuqulunqa i-carat adventure apho i-symbiosis phakathi kwabalinganiswa ihlala ityebisa kuzo zonke iimeko ekufuneka badlule kuzo. Ngaphaya koko, izinto ezothusayo malunga nesakhiwo nazo ziphela zishiya umfundi engathethi...