I ke kenekulia XNUMX, ua hui pū ʻia kekahi mau hoʻoilina kaulana o Shakespeare no ka hanohano o ka ʻōlelo Anglo-Saxon par excellence. Ma kekahi lima ʻO Samuel Beckett, ʻO Tennessee Williams a ʻoiaʻiʻo ma ke ʻano hoʻopuehu ʻia ʻo Sam Shepard. Ua ho'ōla hou lākou a pau i ka hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni Anglo-Saxon me ka ikaika hou i hoʻoponopono ʻia i nā ʻoiaʻiʻo o kahi au i piha i nā loli, me nā mea i koi ʻia e nā pahu mai nā wahi hana, akā mai ka hale keaka pū kekahi.
Akā, e like me kaʻu e ʻōlelo nei, ʻoi aku ka hoʻopuehu ʻana o Shepard, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ʻae ʻana iā ia iho e lawe ʻia e nā muses e hiki ke alakaʻi iā ia i ka hana a i ʻole ke mele. Akā naʻe, ʻo ka dramaturgy ka mea i hāʻawi iā ia i ka hanohano nui i kona manawa. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo ka mea hoihoi loa o nā mea āpau i kēia lā ʻo nā puke i noi nui ʻia e Shepard nā mea e hōʻike ana i kāna mau ʻike a me nā manaʻo iā mākou ma ke ʻano he moʻolelo o kahi manawa hoihoi, kahi manawa kahi i hana ai nā mea hana i nā beacons pili i ka avant-garde a me ka loli. , me ʻO kāna mau hoʻohiki akā me kāna mau hewa, kāna mau mea ʻoi loa, nā hewa a me nā eccentricities ...
ʻO 3 mau puke i manaʻo ʻia e Sam Shepard
Moolelo Moolelo
Aia kekahi manawa, ʻo ke kenekulia XNUMX i hana ʻia ma USA, kahi i ʻoi aku ai nā mea kākau i ka moʻolelo o kā lākou mau hana, kahi mea e like me ka mea i hana ʻia. Truman Capote, he Hemingway, he ʻO Tom Wolfe, he Bukowski aiʻole ʻO Burroughs, e inoa i kekahi mau mea. A no laila, ua lilo ko lākou ola i mea hoʻonui i kā lākou mau moʻolelo i makemake ai nā mea a pau e ʻike. I kēia mau lā, ʻaʻole ʻoi aku ka moʻolelo o ka poʻe kākau moʻolelo. ʻO ia, me ke kānalua ʻole, ʻoi aku ka nani ... Ua kākau ʻo Sam Shepard i kāna mau ʻike i hoʻopau ʻia me ka ikaika i hāʻawi ʻia i kāna charisma nui.
ʻO nā alanui, nā kaʻa, ka mehameha a me ka hoʻokalakupua i kēia mau mea motel moolelo, he puke o nā "moʻolelo haʻihaʻi", nā ʻāpana autobiographical, nā moʻolelo a me nā mele i hāʻawi ʻia e ke kākau wikiwiki a pōkole.
motel moolelo ʻo ia ke kumu hoʻomaka o Palika, Texas: «ʻo ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni aʻu i makemake ai e hana ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa malaila, ma kēlā ʻōlelo, kēlā mau ʻōlelo, kēlā manaʻo ʻAmelika. ʻAʻole ma ke ʻano he palapala, akā ma ke ʻano he lewa, ka manaʻo o ka nānā ʻana, kahi ʻano ʻoiaʻiʻo," wahi a Wim Wenders.
iaʻu i loko
Ma ke ʻano he mea pāʻani, ʻO Sam Shepard ua ʻike ʻo ia i ka hoʻolilo ʻana i ka hana nani a ka monologue i kēia puke. ʻO ka moʻaukala o ka hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni, ma ke ʻano he kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi, hoʻoholo ʻia e nā soliloquies nui e kuhikuhi ana i ka make ʻole mai ka maʻalahi o ke ʻano, o ke kanaka i kū i kāna hopena.
Mai nā Helene a i Shakespeare, Calderón de la Barca Valle Inclán a i ʻole ʻO Samuel Beckett; ua hala ka hanohano keaka ʻoi loa i kahi protagonist mehameha e kū pono nei i ka pōʻino ...
ʻO ia e pili ana i ka hoʻonani ʻana i ko mākou noho hoʻomāʻewaʻewa e pili ana i kahi honua nui, kahi cosmos e hāʻawi nei i ka pau ʻole e like me kēlā me kēia pane i kahi nānā maʻalahi i ka dome lani. Ua hoʻāʻo ka hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni e hāʻawi i ka leo a me ka wehewehe ʻana i kēlā mau nīnau liʻiliʻi e pili ana iā mākou, i ka hohonu, makemake mākou e hoʻolei i ka nui e hoʻopuni iā mākou inā e hiki i kekahi ke hele i ka hoʻopiʻi o kā mākou kue a me ka hewa. ʻO ka make ʻole kahi ʻōlelo liʻiliʻi e hōʻike ana i kahi nīnau maʻalahi i waiho ʻia i loko o nā nīnau he nui e pili ana i kā mākou.
ʻO ka mea ʻoi loa e pili ana i kēia puke ʻo ka protagonist kahi e hāʻule ai ka nānā i loko o ka hanana hū ʻole iā mākou iho. Ma muli o ke kono ʻana mai o Sam Shepard iā mākou e hauʻoli i kāna ʻoihana hana.
Lilo mākou i mea hana i ka ʻili o kekahi. I ka manawa e loaʻa iā mākou ke aloha me ke kāne e waiho ana i kahi moena, i loko o ka ʻeha o ka hiamoe ʻole, komo mākou i kēlā ʻimi no ka mea maʻalahi a maʻalahi hoʻi o kēlā me kēia lā, mai kā mākou mau hakakā paʻa paʻa e paʻakikī ai e hoʻihoʻi i ka hiamoe maʻalahi o ke keiki a mākou i mālama mua ai.
A ʻoiai he metaphysical wau, ʻaʻole ia e pili ana i ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi mele nui i kēia puke, he ʻano moeʻuhane paha e pili ana i ke aloha, ʻohana, hewa.
He ʻoiaʻiʻo ka hihia o ka protagonist o ka puke e pili ana i kahi ola, akā ʻo nā aka o kona mau manaʻo ma waena o ka ʻike a me ka noʻonoʻo ʻole e pili ana iā mākou āpau.
ʻO ka soliloquy kikoʻī mai ka hiamoe ʻole e hōʻike iā mākou i kahi mea nona ka moeʻuhane i aloha paha i ka mea hewa, a he kumu kūʻai iā ia e hāʻawi i ke kiʻi o kona makuakāne, ka mea i aloha pū i kēlā wahine like. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona hou i loko o ka moʻolelo holoʻokoʻa, kahi pae i hoʻopaʻa pū i nā mea āpau, e like me ka pilina o ka makua a me ka makua.
Ua moe ʻo Sam Shepard i kahi moe, e hoʻāʻo nei e neʻe mai kāna hewa a me ka huhū i ka hiamoe maha. Piʻi ʻo Sam Shepard i luna o ke kahua o ka hale keaka āna i aloha nui ai. Ua lilo kekahi puke i ka Shepard nāna i moemoeā ʻo ia ka Hamlet.
Ka ʻili uila
Ola e hai aku. Mai loko mai, mai kēlā kumu e hoʻāʻo e kauo i nā mea a pau ma kona ala. He neʻe kūʻē kūʻē i hoʻoluliluli iā ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a ua hoʻololi ʻo Sam Shepard i kēia mau ʻaoʻao piha i ka leo a me ka huhū, e like me kā Faulkner e ʻōlelo ai ...
I ka hāʻule o 1975, ʻo Bob Dylan a me kāna Rolling Thunder Revue - he hōʻike i manaʻo ʻia ʻo Dylan ma ke ʻano he hui o ka hanana a me ka huakaʻi circus - kaʻahele i iwakāluakūmālua mau kūlanakauhale ma ka ʻākau hikina o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. ʻO ka hopu ʻia ʻana o ka pahu pahu Hurricane Carter, me he mea lā no nā kumu hoʻokalakupua, ʻo ia ke kumu o kēia huakaʻi, i hoʻomaka me nā ʻaha mele i hoʻoponopono ʻia ma nā wahi liʻiliʻi ma New England.
No ka pohihihi o ke anaina panalaau, ua hana hou kekahi hui i na mea hookani pila kaulana o ka honua, i ka moolelo mele o Amerika, ua hai mai ka poe haku mele i ka lakou mau pauku, a ua hele na mea a pau i ke kahua me ka lole, a o na kii pa'a lima, aole i nalowale kekahi kiko'ī. Aia ʻo Joni Mitchell, T-Bone Burnett, Allen Ginsberg, Mick Ronson, Joan Baez, Arlo Guthrie, Ramblin' Jack Elliot, Roger McGuinn a me Muhammad Ali. A ma laila ʻo Sam Shepard e kākau ma ka lele ʻana i ka palapala no kahi kiʻi ʻoniʻoni Fellinesque a surreal e puka mai i waho o ka huakaʻi ponoʻī.
ʻAʻole i hoʻokō ʻia kēlā palapala, akā ua kākau ʻo Shepard i kahi moʻolelo o kēlā huakaʻi, kahi puke o ka Rolling Thunder Revue a me ke ola ma ke alanui. Ma kēlā kahua huakaʻi a ma kēia puke, ua hui pū ʻia nā mea hoʻomanaʻo Iudaio a me Mekiko me nā mele Pelekania, cowboy-slang me nā moʻolelo India (no laila ka inoa o ka huakaʻi), nā kiʻi Katolika me nā blues...
ʻO kēia puke, ka mea i paʻi mua ʻia i ka makahiki 1977 a ua lilo ia i mea maʻamau o nā palapala pōhaku, ʻo ia ke kūʻē piha o kahi album fan: he diary i hana ʻia i nā ʻike mai ka maka o ka makani.
Nā puke ʻē aʻe i manaʻo ʻia e Sam Shepard
kiu kanaka mua
E like me kēlā astronaut nalowale i ka lewa ma Kubrick's Odyssey, ua ho'āʻo pū ʻo Shepard e hāʻawi iā mākou i ka hōʻike o nā mea āpau, o ka huina o nā anecdotes e hiki ke hāʻawi i ke ʻano o ke ola, ma waena o nā hoʻomanaʻo a me nā uila o ke aloha e like me ka hāʻule ʻana i ka moeʻuhane hope.
ʻO ka palapala palapala a Sam Shepard, i kākau ʻia i nā mahina hope loa o kona ola ʻana, i ka wā i lawe ʻia ai kahi maʻi degenerative ma luna o kona kino. I mua o kēia kūlana, ua kū ka mea kākau, ma kahi ʻano kūʻē hope loa ma ke kākau ʻana. ʻO ka hopena, ʻo ia kēia moʻolelo pōkole, ʻāpana, elliptical, radical, enigmatic and dazzling novel.
Ke kiu nei kekahi i kekahi: ʻike lākou ma kēlā ʻaoʻao o ke alanui i kahi kanaka e noho mau ana ma ka noho pōhaku, e kamaʻilio ana iā ia iho a loaʻa ka manaʻo mai kāna poʻe aloha. Hoʻopuka kekahi i nā mea hoʻomanaʻo a haʻi i nā moʻolelo: he pāʻina malihini me nā kāmelo i waenakonu o ka wao nahele ʻo Arizona; he kane a ka luahine i nahuia kona pepeiao; he uapo ma kahakai; he lio i pana i waena o ka heihei; he keʻena maʻi i waenakonu o ka wao nahele i hoʻopuniʻia e nā māla me nā kiʻi kiʻi; ka moʻolelo o nā kūpuna i haʻalele i ka wai o ko lākou hale; ka moʻolelo o Pancho Villa i kona wā i pepehi ʻia ai ma hope o ke kipi; he moena ma ka papahele ma New York Lower East Side; Vietnam a me Watergate; ka mahuka mai Alcatraz; kahi hui o nā malihini Mekiko e kali ana i ka hana ma kahi kihi…
Nā ʻāina palena, nā ʻāina o ʻAmelika hohonu, nā wahi wao nahele, nā kahakai Kaleponi a me nā alanui o New York: ka palapala ʻāina a i ʻole ka puzzle a i ʻole ka mosaic o ke ola. He hana o ka nani hoʻohiwahiwa, he mele aloha ma ke ʻano o ka moʻolelo.
