A cikin karni na XNUMX, an tara manyan magada Shakespeare da yawa don ɗaukakar harshen Anglo-Saxon daidai gwargwado. A gefe guda Sama'ila Beckett, Tennessee Williams Kuma lalle ne a cikin mafi watsuwa hanya Sam Shepard. Dukkaninsu sun farfado da gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Anglo-Saxon tare da sabon ƙarfin da aka daidaita zuwa ainihin zamanin da ke cike da sauye-sauye, ciki har da waɗanda aka tilastawa ta hanyar turawa daga sararin samaniya, amma kuma daga gidan wasan kwaikwayo.
Amma kamar yadda na ce, Shepard ya fi tarwatsewa, fiye da barin kansa ya tafi da muses wanda zai iya kai shi ga yin wasan kwaikwayo ko kiÉ—a. Amma duk da haka wasan kwaikwayo ne ya ba shi mafi girman É—aukaka a lokacinsa. Tabbas, abin da ya fi ban sha'awa shi ne cewa a yau littafan Shepard da ya fi nema su ne waÉ—anda ke isar da abubuwansa da abubuwan da ya gani a gare mu a matsayin tarihin lokaci mai ban sha'awa, lokacin da masu yin halitta suka kasance fitilar zamantakewar al'umma zuwa ga avant-garde da canji. alkawuransa amma kuma tare da zunubai, wuce gona da iri, munanan halaye da abubuwan da suka dace...
Manyan littattafai 3 da aka ba da shawarar Sam Shepard
Motel Tarihi
Akwai wani lokaci, karni na XNUMX da aka yi a Amurka, wanda marubuta suka zarce almara na ayyukansu, wani abu kamar abin da ya faru. Truman Capote, a Hemingway, a Tom Wolfe, a Bukowski o Yankuna, don suna kaɗan. Don haka rayuwarsu ta zama tsawaita littafansu wanda kowa ke son sani. A zamanin yau marubuta ba su da tatsuniyoyi kuma sun fi samar da labari kawai. Wannan yana da, ba tare da shakka ba, ƙarin fara'a ... Sam Shepard kuma ya rubuta abubuwan da ya faru waɗanda aka cinye su da ƙarfi saboda girman kwarjininsa.
Hanyoyi, motoci, kadaici da kasada suna jika wadannan tarihin motel, Littafin "Labaran da suka karye", gutsuttsuran tarihin rayuwa, labarai da wakoki masu sha'awar rubutawa cikin sauri da taƙaitaccen bayani.
tarihin motel ya kasance wurin farawa Paris, Texas: «Fim din da na so in yi a Amurka shi ne akwai, a cikin wannan harshe, waɗannan kalmomi, wannan motsin zuciyar Amurka. Ba kamar rubutun ba, amma a matsayin yanayi, ma'anar kallo, wani nau'in gaskiya, "in ji Wim Wenders.
ni a ciki
A matsayin marubuci, Sam Shepard ya san yadda ake canja wurin mafi kyawun fasahar monologue zuwa wannan labari. Tarihin gidan wasan kwaikwayo, a matsayin fasahar wasan kwaikwayo, an ƙaddara ta manyan soliloquies waɗanda ke nuna rashin mutuwa daga sauƙin halin, na ɗan adam da ke fuskantar ƙaddararsa.
Daga Helenawa zuwa Shakespeare, Calderón de la Barca Valle Inclán ko Sama'ila Beckett; mafi girman ɗaukaka na gidan wasan kwaikwayo ya wuce ta wani mai son rai wanda ke haifar da bala'i kai tsaye ...
Labari ne game da ɗaukaka rayuwarmu ta ban dariya game da sararin duniya, sararin samaniya wanda ke ba da iyaka kamar kowane amsar kallo mai sauƙi a sararin samaniya. Gidan wasan kwaikwayo ya yi ƙoƙarin ba da murya da fassarar waɗannan ƙananan tambayoyin game da mu cewa, a cikin ƙasa, za mu so mu jefa cikin girman da ke kewaye da mu idan wani zai iya halartar da'awar sabani da laifin mu. Rashin mutuwa ƙaramin rubutu ne wanda ke fallasa tambaya mai sauƙi da aka gabatar a miliyoyin tambayoyi game da abin da muke.
Abu mafi kyau game da wannan littafin shine babban jarumin da abin ya fi maida hankali a cikin yanayin shiru shine kan mu. Domin Sam Shepard shima yana gayyatar mu don jin daÉ—in sana'ar sa ta wasan kwaikwayo.
Mun zama 'yan wasan kwaikwayo a fatar wani. Da zarar mun tausaya wa mutumin da ya kasance a kan gado, a cikin matsanancin bacci mai bacin rai, za mu shiga cikin wannan neman abin da muke daga mafi sauƙi kuma mafi yau da kullun, daga rikice -rikicen da muke da su waɗanda ke da wahalar dawo da sauƙi barcin yaron da muka taba yi.
Kuma duk da cewa ina samun alaƙa, ba game da nemo manyan raɗaɗi a cikin wannan labari ba, wataƙila hanyoyin mafarki game da soyayya, dangi, laifi.
Lamarin jarumar littafin labari gaskiya ne yana magana kan wata rayuwa ta musamman, amma inuwar tunaninsa tsakanin sani da rashin sanin yakamata ya shafe mu duka.
Musamman soliloquy daga kyandir mai barci yana gabatar da mu ga maigidan mafarki wanda wataƙila yana son mutumin da ba daidai ba, wanda ya kashe shi ya ƙi siffar mahaifinsa, wanda shi ma ya ƙaunaci waccan matar: Felicity. Yanayin maimaitawa a cikin labarin duka, zaren da ke haɗa komai, kamar yadda iyaye da uwa ke haɗewa koyaushe.
Sam Shepard ya kwanta, yana ƙoƙarin motsawa daga laifinsa da bacin rai zuwa bacci mai daɗi. Sam Shepard ya koma kan dandamalin gidan wasan kwaikwayon da yake ƙauna ƙwarai. Wani labari ya juya zuwa Shepard wanda ya taɓa mafarkin zama Hamlet.
Rolling tsawa
Yi rayuwa don gaya shi. Daga ciki, daga wannan jigon da ke ƙoƙarin jawo duk abin da ke cikin hanyarsa. Wani yunkuri na adawa da al'adu wanda ya girgiza Amurka kuma Sam Shepard ya canza zuwa waɗannan shafuka masu cike da sauti da fushi, kamar yadda Faulkner zai ce ...
A cikin kaka na 1975, Bob Dylan da Rolling Thunder Revue - nunin da Dylan ya yi hasashe a matsayin cakuda abubuwan da ke faruwa da kuma balaguron balaguro - sun zagaya birane ashirin da biyu a arewa maso gabashin Amurka. Kame dan damben boksin Hurricane Carter, da alama saboda dalilai na wariyar launin fata, shine ya haifar da wannan balaguron, wanda ya fara da ingantaccen kide-kide a kananan matakai a New England.
A cikin ruɗani na masu sauraron lardi, ƙungiyar mawaƙa da ta ƙunshi mashahuran mawaƙa a duniya, sun sake ƙirƙira al'adar kiɗan Amurkawa, mawaƙan sun karanta baitukansu, kuma dukkan mahalarta taron sun hau kan fage cikin sutura, yayin da kyamarorin da ke riƙe da hannu ba su rasa komai ba. Akwai Joni Mitchell, T-Bone Burnett, Allen Ginsberg, Mick Ronson, Joan Baez, Arlo Guthrie, Ramblin' Jack Elliot, Roger McGuinn da Muhammad Ali. Kuma Sam Shepard ya kasance a can don rubuta rubutun ga Fellinesque da fim din sadaukarwa wanda zai fito daga yawon shakatawa da kansa.
Wannan rubutun bai taɓa samuwa ba, amma Shepard ya rubuta tarihin wannan tafiya, littafin tarihin Rolling Thunder Revue da rayuwa akan hanya. A kan wannan mataki na tafiya da kuma a cikin wannan littafi, tunawa da Yahudawa da Mexican suna haɗuwa tare da waƙoƙin Ingilishi, kabo-slang tare da tatsuniyoyi na Indiya (don haka sunan yawon shakatawa), hotunan Katolika tare da blues ...
Wannan littafi, wanda aka fara buga shi a shekara ta 1977 kuma ya zama sanannen adabin dutse, shi ne cikakken kishiyar kundi na fan: littafin diary ne da aka yi shi da kallo daga idon guguwa.
Sauran shawarwarin littattafan Sam Shepard
mutum na farko ɗan leƙen asiri
Kamar wannan ɗan sama jannati da ya ɓace a sararin samaniya a Kubrick's Odyssey, Shepard kuma yana ƙoƙarin ba mu shaidar komai, na jimillar labaran da za su iya ba da ma'ana ga rayuwa, tsakanin abubuwan tunawa da walƙiya na bankwana kamar faɗuwa zuwa ga mafarki na ƙarshe.
Shaidar wallafe-wallafen Sam Shepard, wanda aka rubuta a cikin watannin ƙarshe na rayuwarsa, lokacin da cuta mai lalacewa ta mamaye jikinsa. Da yake fuskantar wannan yanayi, marubucin ya miƙe, a wata alama ta ƙarshe ta juriya ta hanyar rubutu. Sakamakon ya kasance wannan ɗan gajeren labari, ɗan gutsuttsura, elliptical, tsattsauran ra'ayi, mai ban mamaki kuma mai ban mamaki.
Wani ya yi wa wani leƙen asiri: sun lura a kan titi wani mutum da ya rage zaune a kan kujera mai girgiza, yana magana da kansa kuma yana samun kulawa daga ƙaunatattunsa. Wani yana tayar da abubuwan tunawa kuma ya ba da labari: wani bakon biki tare da raƙuma a tsakiyar hamadar Arizona; mijin inna wanda aka cije kunnensa; wani rami a bakin tekun; dokin da ake harbi a tsakiyar tsere; wani asibitin da ke tsakiyar hamada da ke kewaye da lambuna da sassaka; labarin kakannin da suka tafi lokacin da gidansu ya cika; labarin Pancho Villa lokacin da aka kashe shi bayan juyin juya hali; katifa a kasa a New York's Lower East Side; Vietnam da Watergate; tserewa daga Alcatraz; gungun bakin haure 'yan Mexico suna jiran aiki a wani lungu…
Yankunan kan iyaka, shimfidar wurare na zurfin Amurka, wuraren hamada, rairayin bakin teku na California da titunan New York: taswira ko wasan wasa ko mosaic na rayuwa. Aikin ban sha'awa, waƙar bankwana a sigar novel.
