Kamar kowane ɗan maƙwabci, a cikin ƙarni na ashirin da ke fama da mulkin mallaka daga Amurka ta Tsakiya zuwa Tierra de Fuego, marubucin Guatemala Miguel Angel Asturias, ya cusa adabinsa tare da wannan tarihin da ke ba da labarin makomar garin. Ba kamar madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar masu mulkin kama -karya ta ja don haɗa tunani ba, a kowane yanayi cikakken bayani ne, ɓangaren gabaɗaya, misali da kwatanci don gano iyakokin irin wannan rarrabuwa ta zamantakewa.
Amma ba kawai daga sukar zamantakewa ne mai ba da labari mai kyau yake rayuwa ba. Bayan wannan yanayin na yau da kullun inda za a kawar da damuwar zamantakewa, Miguel Ángel Asturias shi ma ya binciki manyan lambuna masu firgitarwa a zamaninsa kamar wannan surrealism inda komai zai yiwu. Don haka wani kyakkyawan tunani ya tashi akan ayyukansa don ƙarewa cikin ciki da tabbaci mafi girma kasancewar rayuwa kuma ta girgiza ta wurin mafarkin mafarkin na rarrabuwa wanda gaskiyar ke bayarwa.
Babu shakka wani ma'auni don wannan lakabin na Latin Amurka na masu ba da labari daga baya. Marubutan da ke yawo a ƙarni na XNUMX da na XNUMX kamar Sergio Ramirez o Vargas Llosa cewa za su iya yin wahayi zuwa gare su don ci gaba da wannan gado na labarin a wancan gefen Tekun Atlantika wanda ya isa tare da ƙarfin Amurka a canjin al'adu a farkon misali a matsayin mota da zamantakewa azaman lokaci.
Manyan litattafan da aka ba da shawarar 3 ta Miguel Ángel Asturias
Mai girma shugaban kasa
A karkashin inuwar mugun ikon mulkin kama -karya mutane da suka rabu da mafakar lamirinsu. Dabarar koyaushe iri ɗaya ce, kafa tsoro da tatsuniyar shugaban yanzu. Ƙoƙarin rashin biyayya koyaushe ana gamsuwa da rashin tausayi. Al'adu ne kaɗai za su iya dawo da wannan matsayar ta yau da kullun, ta kunna wutar canji.
An rubuta tsakanin 1920 zuwa 1933 kuma an buga shi a 1946, Mai girma shugaban kasa yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu ba da labari ga abin da ake kira "labari na mai kama-karya" wanda wasu manyan ayyuka kamar su Ni Mai Girma, daga Roa Bastos, Azzalumin Banderas, de Valle-Inclan, Kaka kaka, de Gabriel García Márquez, ko kwanan baya, Jam'iyyar akuya, ta Mario Vargas Llosa lokacin da muke da bayanin. A ciki, gwamnatin Asturias ta yi wahayi zuwa ga gwamnatin ƙarshe ta Manuel Estrada Cabrera, a Guatemala, don bincika hanyoyin da ke haifar da mulkin kama -karya na siyasa, gami da tasirin sa ga al'umma.
An ruwaito daga mahanga daban -daban waɗanda ke kai tsaye siffar Shugaban a fakaice, wannan labari yana ɗaya daga cikin fitattun abubuwan tarihin albarku Haƙƙin Latin Amurka da haƙiƙanin sihiri, wanda babban mai ba da labari shine García Márquez.
La'antar da aka yi na rashin adalci da zalunci ya sa ta zama takunkumi da dakatar da ita har tsawon shekaru goma sha uku, yayin da, sabanin haka, wadataccen salo da asalin tsarin labarinsa ya sanya ta zama ɗaya daga cikin litattafan da suka fi tasiri ga ɗaruruwan marubuta daga Latin Amurka . An daidaita shi zuwa fim da gidan wasan kwaikwayo, kuma an fassara shi zuwa manyan harsuna, littafin ya samu karbuwa sosai a lokacin wallafa shi daga masu suka da masu karatu.
Masara maza
Ikon da ke iya mamaye lamiri ba kawai masu mulkin kama -karya ne ke amfani da shi ba. A yau muna da misalai mafi kyau na yadda za a iya sarrafa talakawa ta hanyar sibylline mafi ƙarfi, ƙarƙashin taken farin ciki da fa'ida ta gama gari da aka narkar da su a aikace kamar placebo mai iya gamsar da mu cewa babu mugunta ... Akwai batutuwan da ba su da lokaci dangane da siffofin da aka sa mu a ciki ...
Maza na Masara sun kasance babban abin zargi na mummunan tasirin da tsarin jari hujja da manyan kamfanoni na duniya suka yi akan al'adu, imani na kakanni, rarrabuwa da rashin tsaro na manoman Guatemala.
Memorywaƙwalwar kakannin da ba a sani ba ita ce, godiya ga aikin sa, an haɗa shi cikin kasada ta fasaha kuma ya ba da matsayin masu ba da labari ga almara a cikin tarihi. Tsoffin labarun Quiché sun ba da labarin cewa, a wayewar duniya, alloli sun kasa cin nasara sau da yawa a ƙoƙarin su na ƙirƙirar mutum, har sai sun sami abin da ya dace don ƙirƙirar babban abin halitta: masara.
Daga taken kanta, wannan aikin yana shelar alaƙarsa da Indiyawan Guatemala, amma mutanen masara da suka mamaye shafuka su ne zuriyar waɗanda suka tsira daga Nasara, sun shiga cikin bala'i iri -iri a tarihin Guatemala, kuma sun kai lokacin da Asturias ya sake farfado da su. a farkon rabin karni na XNUMX.
Legends na Guatemala
Watakila gaskiyar almara da aka sanya wawanci ya kusantar da mu zuwa ga ɗan adam mai kishi, wanda hasashe ya sa shi ya kai ga ɗabi'a. Amma wani lokacin ana gano ƙoƙarin soke waɗannan ɓangarorin al'adu a matsayin maɗaukakin ɓarna da ƙaƙƙarfan ƙirƙira don ƙarin ƙeta da buƙatun shugabanni.
Sha'awar Miguel Ángel Asturias (1899-1974) a cikin al'adun autochthonous na Amurka ta Tsakiya azaman batun nazari da bincike ya sami fassarar adabinsa a cikin "Leyendas de Guatemala" (1930), tarihin abubuwan ban mamaki waɗanda tarihin almara na mutanen Mayan-Quiché sun haɗu da al'adun mulkin mallaka na Guatemala da biranen Tikal da Copán sun haɗu da Santiago da Antigua, waɗanda Mutanen Espanya suka kafa. Yaƙin da ke tsakanin ruhohin ƙasa da ruhohin allahntaka an ba da labari ta hanyar tsokana mai ban sha'awa na lambar yabo ta Nobel ta Littattafai ta 1967, cike da hoto mai ban mamaki.
Legends na Guatemala sun ƙunshi duniyar wahayi, rabin tatsuniya, rabin gaskiya. Aiki don karantawa a bayyane, ruhinsa na buɗe yana sa mu fahimci sautin waƙoƙin kiɗan ban mamaki wanda sakin layi ya bayar, inda yake baiwa mai karatu cikakken ilimin hadisai da tatsuniyoyin pre-Hispanic, mulkin mallaka da Amurka na zamani. Gabaɗaya, gardamar tatsuniya tana tayar da rikicin al'adu wanda ya haɗa da Ba'amurke cikin gwagwarmaya koyaushe tare da ƙarfin yanayi da tatsuniyoyin da shi kansa ya ƙirƙiro don fassara ma'anar ƙaddara.
