Genius na PortaingĂ©ile Jose Saramago rinne sĂ© a bhealach mar scrĂbhneoir ficsin lena fhoirmle ar leith chun rĂ©altacht shĂłisialta agus pholaitiĂșil na PortaingĂ©ile agus na SpĂĄinne a aithris faoi phriosma claochlaitheach ach inaitheanta. AcmhainnĂ a ĂșsĂĄidtear go mĂĄistreach mar fhairsinge agus meafair leanĂșnacha, scĂ©alta saibhre agus carachtair thar cionn a tharrthĂĄladh Ăł dhomhan a chuirtear faoi chois i gcĂłnaĂ. Faoi rĂ©ir deachtĂłirĂ mar Salazar, don Eaglais, do mhaide an gheilleagair ...
Fatalism ach rĂșn gan dabht chun feasacht a ardĂș agus a athrĂș. LitrĂocht ard-eitilte leis an bhua iontach sin scĂ©alta moltacha a mholadh sa chiall liteartha go docht agus ag an am cĂ©anna as a dtiocfaidh an smaointeoireacht chriticiĂșil, go mĂșscail na n-aicmĂ caillte i gcĂłnaĂ dĂreach mar, roimh rĂ©, i bhfianaise prĂłisis nĂł athruithe pseudo-rĂ©abhlĂłideacha. maisc, gan a thuilleadh moille.
Ach mar a dĂșirt mĂ©, is fĂ©idir taitneamh a bhaint as lĂ©amh Saramago laistigh de gach caitheamh aimsire sa litrĂocht siamsaĂochta, ach faoi scĂĄth an Ășdair seo tĂĄ, i dteannta le scĂ©alta beo, aeistĂ©itiĂșil fĂorĂĄlainn agus cĂșlra a nascann i gcĂłnaĂ leis an bpolaitĂocht agus an sĂłisialta sa choincheap is leithne.
3 ĂșrscĂ©al molta le JosĂ© Saramago
Bliain bhĂĄis Ricardo Reis
Casann SaramagĂł ar cheann de na heitreaainmneacha is iomrĂĄitĂ de chuid Pessoa chun bĂĄs an fhile iontach a shĂĄrĂș. CĂ© go bhfĂĄgann Pessoa an saol seo, sroicheann Ricardo Reis an PhortaingĂ©il. TĂĄ an ĂomhĂĄ go simplĂ thar cionn, agus i lĂĄmha Saramago sroicheann an togra insint airde miotasach.
Fuair ââan scrĂbhneoir bĂĄs ina shaothar, ina charachtair, ina heteronym. Cluiche an tharchĂ©imniĂșchĂĄin, an gĂĄ atĂĄ le foinsĂ mĂłra inspiorĂĄide, na geniuses, nach n-imĂonn siad choĂche.
Achoimre: Ag deireadh 1935, nuair a bhĂ Fernando Pessoa dĂreach tar Ă©is bĂĄs a fhĂĄil, sroicheann long Sasanach, BriogĂĄid na GĂ idhealtachd, calafort LiospĂłin, inar thaistil Ricardo Reis, duine de heteronyms an fhile mĂłr PortaingĂ©ile, Ăłn mBrasaĂl. Le linn naoi mĂ rĂthĂĄbhachtach i stair na hEorpa, inar thosaigh an cogadh sa SpĂĄinn agus inar tharla idirghabhĂĄil na hIodĂĄile in Abyssinia, feicfimid an chĂ©im dheireanach de shaol Ricardo Reis, in idirphlĂ© le spiorad Fernando Pessoa a thagann cuairt a thabhairt air Ăłn reilig ag na chuimhneachĂĄin is mĂł gan choinne.
Is Ă© rĂ© na pinn tobair, raidiĂłnna pĂolĂłtacha, Hitler Youth, topolinos, i LiospĂłin Atlantach agus bĂĄistĂ a bhfuil a n-atmaisfĂ©ar clĂșdaigh ina fhĂor-phrĂomhcharachtar den eispĂ©ireas scĂ©alaĂochta suimiĂșil seo.
Is machnamh beoga à bliain bhås Ricardo Reis, trà fhile agus trà chathair, ar bhrà ré iomlån.
Aiste ar na Daill
Ceann de na meafair is ĂĄille agus is fuaire i litrĂocht an domhain. Is Ă© an ceann is fĂ©idir linn a mheas mar phrĂomhchiall na gcĂ©adfaĂ mar phaidrĂn den rĂ©altacht a thairgtear dĂșinn Ăł chumhacht.
NĂl nĂos mĂł dall nĂĄ an tĂ© nach bhfuil ag iarraidh a fheiceĂĄil, mar a deir siad. CĂșpla braon den osrĂ©alachas, fantaisĂocht tharchĂ©imnitheach chun ĂĄr sĂșile a oscailt agus iallach a chur orainn breathnĂș, fĂ©achaint agus a bheith criticiĂșil.
Achoimre: TĂ©ann fear atĂĄ ina sheasamh ag solas dearg dall go tobann. Is Ă© an chĂ©ad chĂĄs de «daille bĂĄn» a leathnaĂonn ar bhealach fulminant. I bprĂosĂșn i gcoraintĂn nĂł caillte sa chathair, beidh ar na daill aghaidh a thabhairt ar an rud is primitive i nĂĄdĂșr an duine: an uacht le maireachtĂĄil ar aon chostas.
Is Ă© atĂĄ i Essay on Blindness nĂĄ ficsean Ășdar a thugann folĂĄireamh dĂșinn "an fhreagracht a bhaineann le sĂșile a bheith againn nuair a chaill daoine eile iad." RianaĂonn JosĂ© Saramago ĂomhĂĄ uafĂĄsach corraitheach sa leabhar seo de na hamanna a bhfuilimid inĂĄr gcĂłnaĂ.
I ndomhan den sĂłrt sin, an mbeidh aon dĂłchas ann? Beidh eispĂ©ireas samhlaĂoch uathĂșil ag an lĂ©itheoir. Ag pointe ina dtrasnaĂonn litrĂocht agus eagna a chĂ©ile, cuireann JosĂ© Saramago iallach orainn stad, ĂĄr sĂșile a dhĂșnadh, agus a fheiceĂĄil. DhĂĄ thogra bhunĂșsacha dâĂșrscĂ©al is ea lucidity a aisghabhĂĄil agus gean a tharrthĂĄil atĂĄ ina lĂ©iriĂș freisin ar eitic an ghrĂĄ agus na dlĂșthphĂĄirtĂochta.
An uaimh
Athruithe, gach uair nach mbĂonn na hathruithe ag teacht le chĂ©ile ar bhealach nĂos beaichte, gan an cumas freagairt. Athruithe ar struchtĂșir shĂłisialta den chuid is mĂł, ag an obair, ar an mbealach chun idirghnĂomhĂș leis an riarachĂĄn, ar an mbealach chun idirghnĂomhĂș linn. Maidir leis na hathruithe agus faoin eachtrannach a dâfhĂ©adfadh a bheith aige.
Achoimre: Potaireacht bheag, ionad siopadĂłireachta gigantic. Domhan atĂĄ ag dul in Ă©ag go tapa, saol eile a fhĂĄsann agus a iolraĂonn cosĂșil le cluiche scĂĄthĂĄin ĂĄit nach cosĂșil go bhfuil aon teorainn leis an illusion mealltach.
Gach lĂĄ mĂșchtar speicis ainmhithe agus plandaĂ, gach lĂĄ bĂonn gairmeacha ann a Ă©irĂonn gan ĂșsĂĄid, teangacha a stopann daoine a labhraĂonn iad, traidisiĂșin a chailleann a gciall, mothĂșchĂĄin a iompaĂonn ina gcodarsnachtaĂ.
Tuigeann teaghlach potairĂ nach bhfuil an domhan ag teastĂĄil uathu a thuilleadh. CosĂșil le nathair a sheileann a craiceann ionas go bhfĂ©adann sĂ fĂĄs go ceann eile a thiocfaidh chun bheith beag freisin, deir an Meall leis an bpotaireacht: "Die, nĂl mĂ© uait a thuilleadh." An uaimh, ĂșrscĂ©al le trasnĂș na mĂlaoise.
Leis an dĂĄ ĂșrscĂ©al roimhe seo ÂżEssay on Blindness and All NamesÂż cruthaĂonn an leabhar nua seo triptych ina bhfĂĄgann an t-Ășdar a fhĂs den domhan reatha scrĂofa. TĂĄ JosĂ© Saramago (Azinhaga, 1922) ar cheann de na hĂșrscĂ©alaithe PortaingĂ©alacha is mĂł aithne agus is mĂł meas ar domhan. Ă 1993 tĂĄ sĂ© ina chĂłnaĂ i Lanzarote. I 1998 fuair sĂ© an Duais Nobel don LitrĂocht.