Izincwadi zaseJapan zinemibono emibili ehluke kakhulu. Kusuka ngaphandle sithola ku UMurakami esifanekisweni sayo futhi siyabazi ababengaphambi kwayo Kawabata o UKenzaburo Oé. Kodwa-ke, emlandweni wakhe ocatshangelwayo, izinganekwane zabagulayo Mishima o Akutagawa bangabaphenyi abanamandla amakhulu kunalawo ashiwo ngenhla. Futhi ukuthi laba ababili bokugcina bayaqhubeka beziswa ngezincwadi zabo ezinesibindi kwesinye isikhathi zabafundi baseNtshonalanga.
Ngaphandle kokungabaza, impumelelo yamazwe ngamazwe, nemiklomelo yayo emikhulu, akudingeki ihambisane nalokho kuqashelwa ezweni layo, njalo kuncike ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene ngenxa yokusondelana okukhulu komlingiswa esicini sakhe esiseduze. Wanyamalala ngo-1927 eneminyaka engamashumi amathathu ubudala, u-Akutagawa wayelima kakhulu uhlobo lwezindaba ezimfushane. Izindaba ezimfushane ezinezimpande eziqinile edume ngazo ezilethe ukuqashelwa kwemibhalo yesi-Japanese ngazwi-linye.
Umbono wakhe othile unikeza umuzwa odabukisayo, ukumiselwa kusengaphambili okuyingozi kwabalingiswa bakhe. Futhi kungenxa yokuthi izimo ezithile zombhali zadluliselwa emsebenzini wakhe njengomfanekiso we Edgar Allan Poe Olunye uhlangothi lomhlaba. Umbhali wehluke kakhulu, ngokwengxenye ngenxa yokungalingani kwakhe kwengqondo, waze wahlongoza imigqa yesakhiwo se-avant-garde eyafinyelela ngisho ebhayisikobho ngendaba ethakazelisa Rashomon.
Izincwadi Ezinconyiwe ezi-3 eziphezulu zika-Akutagawa
IKAIKI. Izinganekwane ezethusayo nezokusangana
Kuze kwethulwe imibono yamaShayina ngekhulu lesi-XNUMX, isiJapane bekungulimi olukhulunywa ngomlomo olungabhalwanga. Impela, kuyizwe elinenkambiso yomlomo ebanzi futhi endala kunayo yonke. I-monogataru kwakuwumsebenzi wokuxoxa izindaba ngomlomo futhi phakathi kwabo bonke, izintandokazi zamaJapane, ezeqile ngaphesheya kwemingcele yazo, yimibhalo engaphezu kwemvelo neyesabekayo.
Kulokhu kuhlanganiswa, umfundi uzokuthokozela ukukhethwa kwezindaba ezibandayo, izindaba ezizosidonsela ezweni eligcwele izinganekwane, izinganekwane zakudala nezinkolelo-ze. Indawo ekude futhi exotic lapho izakhamizi zayo zihlala nenkolelo egxilile yokuthi kunezinhlobo eziningi zezilo, eziqanjiwe nezingokoqobo, ezifihliwe phakathi kwethu.
Kusukela kumakhemikhali angakholekiyo agcina amakhanda ezisulu zawo kuya entsheni ephawulwe ngokudalelwa ememezela ukuphela okuyinqaba kwemikhumbi egibela kuyo, lezi zinganekwane zizohamba ngomngcele omncane ohlukanisa umhlaba wangempela nalowo wasenganekwaneni. Phakathi kwamakhasi alo, singabona ukubaluleka okubalulekile kolwandle enkolelweni yenkolelo yezwe elenziwe ngeziqhingi ezingaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezintathu noma ubumnyama obufihlwe intuthuko entsha enjengama-movie.
Njalo ngaphandle kokukhohlwa yinkimbinkimbi yomqondo waseJapan, ukuthakazelisa kwawo okungaba yinto esabisa ngokweqiniso. Lungiselela ukujabulela izinganekwane eziyishumi nambili ezihaqisayo ezizokwenza izinwele zakho zime. Ukufundwa okubalulekile kwabo bonke abalandeli bamanoveli we-gothic ne-horror.
Impilo yesilima nokunye ukuvuma
Ngokombono osontekile wobuyena u-Akutagawa, lencwadi iveza ukuthi umuzwa wokuvuma izono wagumbuqelwa ezincwadini njengokwelapha okungeke kwenzeke, njengokuqaphela ukwehlulwa ebusweni besifo okucatshangwa ukuthi ukuphela kwesiphetho.
«Angisenamandla okubhala. Ukuphila nalomuzwa ubuhlungu obungachazeki. Ngabe akekho umuntu ongenzela umusa wokufika azongiklinya buthule ngilele? "
Lawa mazwi abuhlungu aphuma esibayeni somuntu ohlukunyeziwe, ebhekene nomgodi ongapheli wokuphila ongasenangqondo. Eminyakeni yakhe yokugcina yokuphila, Akutagawa Ryūnosuke wahlushwa ukubona izinto ezingekho, wakwazi ukubekezelela ukukhanya kwelanga, futhi wayengakwazi ukulala ngaphandle kosizo lwamaphilisi okulala. Impilo yesilima nokunye ukuvuma kuyisihluthulelo somqondo wombhali we- «Rashomon». Ngalezi zindaba ezifakwe kule ncwadi kungenzeka ukulandela izinyathelo zempilo yakhe emfushane kepha enamandla: ama-brushtroke omlando womuntu, ukukhululeka kwezimfihlo, ukukhohlisa kweZen, ama-aphorism amahle ...
URashomon namanye ama-akhawunti omlando
Cishe bonke abalobi baseJapane ngezikhathi ezithile babheka lowo mbono womlando oxhunywe emcabangweni onamandla waseJapane, lapho amasiko amaningi nezimo zengqondo ezinamathele kukho konke ukuziphatha komphakathi kwalaba bantu kuvela. Ukuthola izindlela ezintsha zokuhlobanisa lesi siphukuphuku samanje, esikweleta kangaka ifa lamasiko eliqoqwe emakhulwini eminyaka, kusivusela uzwela olugcwele izimpawu ukuthi, yebo, i-Akutagawa inesibopho sokukhubaza kuze kube seqophelweni lokuqhekeka.
5 izindaba ezingashicilelwe. "URashomon" usibuyisela emuva eJapane ngekhulu le-XNUMX, izwe elacekelwa phansi yizimpi, indlala nokuphelelwa yithemba, indawo ekahle lapho ubunzima obuphazamisayo bokuba khona komuntu buboniswa kumfundi ngesihluku esingenabo ubuhle.
U-Akutagawa weqe imingcele yesikhathi nendawo futhi usezakhele yena uqobo emlandweni wezincwadi zomhlaba njengomunye wabaphathi abakhulu bendaba. Ithalente lakhe elicwebezelayo lokulandisa, isitayela sakhe esiyinkimbinkimbi nenhle, ukuzwela kwakhe ngokweqile kanye nokukwazi kwakhe ukwembula izinto ezimnyama kakhulu nezinzima kakhulu zemvelo yomuntu kwenza imisebenzi yakhe ibe amagugu angaphelelwa yisikhathi futhi ikhuphule umbhali wayo esigabeni sobuhlakani bezinhlamvu.
