Izincwadi ezi-3 ezinhle kakhulu zikaDaniel Kahneman

Akungabazeki ukuthi isifiso sokuvelela yisona esigqugquzela umnotho. Ukuthi inkululeko yezomnotho inikezela umhlaba eqenjini labagembuli abadlala ngemali kuyilapho ukungenelela kungagcina kuthanda ubukhomanisi bamanga kakhulu. Kuyingxenye yemvelo yomuntu, noma okungenani isizathu, ukusondela ngokwedlulele okushisa kakhulu. Ngaleso sikhathi, injabulo ezingeni lomuntu siqu ifana nalokho kusesha i-Ithaca yethu phakathi nohambo lwayo i-psychology ehlaziya lokho esinquma ukukufeza. Futhi ngokwandayo i-material ithatha ubukhulu besiqhingi kuphela esingasinqoba.

Isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo UDaniel Kahneman Ube ngumsabalalisi omkhulu wemacro kanye ne-microeconomic, ebonwa ngawodwa kusuka kuleso sisekelo sezengqondo esizungeze yonke into, kusukela ekuthengweni kwamasheya ezimakethe zamasheya kuze kufike esinqumweni sesidambisi sethu esitolo esisekhoneni. Futhi ukudonsa ukuhlolwa kwengqondo okuhle kakhulu UFreudian yonke into yomuntu igcina ixhuma ngamadrayivu angalindelekile ...

Umnotho uyinhlanganisela yezinqumo nokuziphatha kwabantu. Kusuka ekuqageleleni kuya ekukhokheni izintela, kudlula emibonweni efana nokusetshenziswa noma ukwaneliseka njengabathengi. Uthole umklomelo wakhe ongajwayelekile Umklomelo kaNobel Kwezomnotho Ukuba isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo, ukucabanga kwakhe okwehlukile kuye kweza kithi ngezincwadi ezahlukahlukene.

Izincwadi Ezinconyelwe ezi-3 eziphezulu nguDaniel Kahneman

Cabanga ngokushesha, cabanga kancane

En Cabanga ngokushesha, cabanga kancaneImpumelelo yomhlaba wonke, uKahneman usinikeza umbono wezinguquko ebuchosheni futhi uchaze nezinhlelo ezimbili ezakha indlela esicabanga ngayo. Isistimu 1 iyashesha, inembile, futhi iyathinta imizwa, kuyilapho iSistimu 2 ihamba kancane, inenhloso futhi inengqondo. UKahneman udalula amandla angajwayelekile (kanye namaphutha kanye nokuchema) kokucabanga okusheshayo, eveza ithonya elihlala njalo lemibono enembile ekucabangeni nasekuziphatheni kwethu.

Umthelela wokuphambuka kokulahlekelwa nokuzethemba ngokweqile kumasu ebhizinisi, ubunzima bokubikezela ukuthi yini ezosenza sijabule ngokuzayo, inselelo yokuhlela kahle ubungozi emsebenzini nasekhaya, umthelela omkhulu wokubandlululwa kwengqondo kukho konke esikwenzayo, kusukela ekudlaleni imakethe yamasheya ekuhleleni amaholide; Konke lokhu kungaqondakala kuphela uma sikuqonda ukusebenza ngokubambisana kwalezi zinhlelo zombili lapho kwenziwa izinqumo nezinqumo zethu.

Ngokubandakanya umfundi ekuboniseni okuvusa amadlingozi kokuthi sicabanga kanjani, uKahneman wembula ukuthi singakwazi nini futhi singethembe yini ukucabanga kwethu, nokuthi singazithola kanjani izinzuzo zokucabanga kancane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inikela ngezimfundiso ezisebenzayo nezikhanyisayo kokuthi izinqumo zenziwa kanjani empilweni yobungcweti noma yomuntu siqu, nokuthi singazisebenzisa kanjani izindlela ezahlukahlukene zokuzivikela ekwehlulekeni kwengqondo okusidalela izinkinga. Cabanga ngokushesha, cabanga kancane izoguqula unomphela indlela esicabanga ngayo ukuthi sicabanga kanjani.

Umsindo: Ukwehluleka ekwahlulelweni komuntu

Odokotela ababili edolobheni elilodwa banganikeza izifo ezihlukile kwiziguli ezifanayo; amajaji amabili angakhipha izigwebo ezehlukene ngamacala afanayo; thina ngokwethu singanquma into eyodwa noma enye kuya ngokuthi kusekuseni noma ntambama, noma ngabe yisikhathi sokudla noma cha. Lezi yizibonelo zomsindo: ukuchema okuthwala ukwahlukahlukana ezahlulelweni okufanele zilingane.

Umsindo ukhona kuzo zonke izinqumo zomuntu ngamunye nanjengeqembu, futhi uveza amaphutha emikhakheni engenakubalwa, kusuka kwezokwelapha kuye kwezomnotho, ngomthetho, ezempilo, ukuvikelwa kwezingane nokuqashwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyasikhathaza futhi kusithonye lapho senza izinqumo zethu eziningi zansuku zonke.

UDaniel Kahneman, esinye sezazi zokusebenza kwengqondo ezihamba phambili emhlabeni, kanye noCass R. Sunstein no-Olivier Sibony, abaholi ababili bomhlaba ekucabangeni ngamasu, basifundisa ukulalela lowo msindo, umthelela esijwayele ukuwuziba, nokuwunciphisa ukuze uthuthuke izahlulelo zethu. Ngokususelwa ohlotsheni olufanayo lokuhlaziywa okuqondayo kanye nezibonelo ezihlakaniphile ezenze i-Think Fast, Think Slow ibe ngumthengisi othengisa kakhulu emhlabeni wonke, iRuido inikeza uchungechunge lwamakhambi okuqala, asebenzayo, nelula wokucabanga okungcono.

Ukukhohlisa kwempumelelo

Ubufakazi buyaphazamisa: Izinhlelo eziningi zebhizinisi ezinkulu azikhokhi. Ngokusho kosomnotho, ukusebenza kabi kungumphumela ongenakugwenywa wezinkampani ezibeka izingozi ezinengqondo ezimweni ezingaqinisekile. Kodwa-ke, ngemuva kokuyihlaziya kusuka kwisayikholoji, ababhali babheka ukuthi lokhu kwehluleka kungumphumela wokuthatha izinqumo okusekelwe ethembeni lokukhohlisa kunokuhlola okunengqondo kwezinzuzo, ukulahleka namathuba.

Ukubandlululwa kwengqondo kanye nengcindezi yenhlangano ebangela lokhu kuthembela ngokweqile kusabalele, kepha imiphumela yabo ingancishiswa. Ngokugcwalisa izinqubo zokubikezela zendabuko ngokuhlaziya imizamo efanayo eqediwe ngaphambilini, abaphathi bangawubona ngokunembe kakhudlwana umphumela ongaba khona wephrojekthi. Lokho "ukubuka kwangaphandle" ukugeza okungokoqobo okunciphisa amathuba okuthi inkampani iqale ukutshala imali okuyingozi kwesikhathi nemali.