Ngekhulu lama-XNUMX, izindlalifa eziningana zikaShakespeare zahlanganiswa ukuze kukhazinyuliswe ubuhle bolimi lwe-Anglo-Saxon. Ngakolunye uhlangothi Samuel Beckett, Tennessee Williams futhi ngokuqinisekile ngendlela ehlakazeke kakhulu uSam Shepard. Bonke bavuselele ithiyetha ye-Anglo-Saxon ngamandla amasha alungiselwe amaqiniso enkathi egcwele izinguquko, kuhlanganise nalezo eziphoqelelwe ukusunduza okuvela ezindaweni zokudala, kodwa futhi okuvela ethiyetha.
Kodwa njengoba ngisho, uShepard wayehlakazeke kakhulu, ngokuzivumela ukuba athathwe iminyuziyamu engamholela ekulingiseni noma emculweni. Futhi nokho kwakuyi-dramaturgy eyamnika inkazimulo enkulu ngesikhathi sakhe. Kunjalo, into ethakazelisa kakhulu kukho konke ukuthi namuhla izincwadi zikaShepard ezicelwe kakhulu yilezo ezidlulisela ulwazi lwakhe kanye nokuvela kwakhe kithi njengemilando yesikhathi esithakazelisayo, isikhathi lapho abadali babeyizibani zezenhlalo maqondana ne-avant-garde kanye noshintsho. , izibopho zayo kodwa futhi nezono zayo, ukweqisa kwayo, ububi kanye nokucasuka kwayo...
Izincwadi eziphezulu ezi-3 ezinconywe ngu-Sam Shepard
I-Motel Chronicles
Kunesikhathi, ikhulu lama-XNUMX lenziwa e-USA, lapho ababhali bedlula inganekwane yemisebenzi yabo, into efana nokwenzeka Truman Capote, a Hemingway, a Tom Wolfe, a UBukowski uya Burroughs, ukubala ezimbalwa. Futhi ngakho-ke izimpilo zabo zaba izandiso zamanoveli wonke umuntu ayefuna ukuzazi. Kulezi zinsuku ababhali basenganekwaneni encane futhi banendaba nje. Lokho kwaba, ngaphandle kokungabaza, ukuthandeka okwengeziwe... USam Shepard naye wabhala okuhlangenwe nakho kwakhe okwakudliwe ngamandla ngenxa yokuthakasela kwakhe okukhulu.
Imigwaqo, izimoto, ukuba wedwa kanye nokuzijabulisa kuyacwilisa lokhu Izincwadi ze-motel, incwadi "yezindaba eziphukile", izingcezu ze-autobiographical, izindaba nezinkondlo ezinikezwa ngokuncomekayo ngokubhala okusheshayo nokufingqiwe.
Izincwadi ze-motel kwakuyisiqalo se EParis, eTexas: «ifilimu engangifuna ukuyenza e-United States kwaba lapho, ngalolo limi, lawo mazwi, lowomzwelo waseMelika. Hhayi njengeskripthi, kodwa njengomkhathi, umuzwa wokubuka, uhlobo lweqiniso, ”kusho uWim Wenders.
mina ngaphakathi
Njengombhali wemidlalo, USam Shepard wayekwazi ukudlulisa ubuciko obuhle kakhulu be-monologue kule noveli. Umlando wetiyetha, njengobuciko obubabazekayo, unqunywa yizikhulumi ezinkulu ezikhomba ukungafi kusukela ebulungiseni bomlingiswa, womuntu obhekene nesiphetho sakhe.
Kusuka kumaGriki kuya ku- Shakespeare, Calderón de la Barca Valle Inclán noma Samuel Beckett; inkazimulo enkulu yaseshashalazini idlule kumuntu oyedwa onesizungu ovusa usizi ngqo ...
Imayelana nokubabaza ubukhona bethu obungenangqondo maqondana nomhlaba omkhulu, umkhathi onikeza okungapheli njengenye impendulo ekuphendukezweni okulula kwedome yasezulwini. Inkundla yemidlalo yaseshashalazini izamile ukunikeza izwi nokuhumusha kuleyo mibuzo emincane ngathi ukuthi, ekujuleni kwenhliziyo yethu, singathanda ukuphonsa amandla asizungezile uma kungenzeka othile abhekane nesimangalo sokuphikisana kwethu necala lethu. Ukungafi ngumbhalo omncane oveza umbuzo olula obuzwe ezigidini zemibuzo mayelana nokuthi siyini.
Into emnandi ngale ncwadi ukuthi umlingiswa oyinhloko okugxilwe kuye endaweni yesehlakalo yithina uqobo. Ngoba uSam Shepard naye usimema ukuthi sijabulele umsebenzi wakhe wokulingisa.
Siba ngabalingisi esikhunjeni somunye. Lapho nje sesinozwelo nomfana ohleli embhedeni, emiphefumulweni yokungalali okuphazamisayo, singena kulokho kuseshwa kwalokho esiyikho kusukela kokulula nokujwayelekile kwansuku zonke, kusuka ezingxabanweni zethu ezigxile kakhulu ezenza kube nzima ukubuyisa ukulala okulula kwengane esake saba nayo.
Futhi yize ngithola ukufaniswa, akukhona ukuthola imisindo emihle kule noveli, mhlawumbe izindlela ezinjengephupho ngothando, umndeni, necala.
Kuyiqiniso ukuthi icala lomuntu ophambili kule noveli liphathelene nempilo ethile, kepha izithunzi zemicabango yakhe phakathi kokwazi nokungazi zisithinta sonke.
Ukukhuluma yedwa kusuka kwabangehli ubuthongo kusethula kumnikazi wamaphupho okungenzeka ukuthi wayethanda umuntu ongafanele, okwamlahlekisela ukuthi anikele ngesimo sikayise, naye owayethanda lowo wesifazane ofanayo: I-Felicity. Isici esivela njalo kulo lonke ukulandisa, intambo ebopha konke ndawonye, njengobuzali nobuzali buxhumeka njalo.
USam Shepard ulele embhedeni, uzama ukusuka enecaleni lakhe nasekuthukutheleni aye ekulaleni okuphumuzayo. USam Shepard wakhuphukela emuva esiteji semidlalo yaseshashalazini ayethanda kakhulu. Inoveli yaphenduka uShepard owake waphupha ngokuba yiHamlet.
I-Rolling Thunder
Phila ukuyisho. Ukusuka ngaphakathi, kulowo mgogodla ozama ukudonsa yonke into esendleleni yawo. Inhlangano ephikisana namasiko eyanyakazisa i-United States nokuthi uSam Shepard wadlulisela kulawa makhasi agcwele umsindo nokufutheka, njengoba u-Faulkner ayengasho...
Ekwindla ka-1975, u-Bob Dylan kanye ne-Rolling Thunder Revue yakhe - umbukiso uDylan ayewuveze njengengxube yezinto ezenzekayo nesekisi elijikelezayo - bavakashela amadolobha angamashumi amabili nambili enyakatho-mpumalanga ye-United States. Ukuboshwa komshayisibhakela iHurricane Carter, ngokusobala ngenxa yezizathu zobandlululo, kwaba yimbangela yalolu hambo, olwaqala ngamakhonsathi athuthukisiwe ngezigaba ezincane eNew England.
Okwaxaka izethameli zesifundazwe, iqembu elakhiwe ngabaculi abadumile emhlabeni wonke laphinde lasungula isiko lomculo laseMelika, izimbongi zasho amavesi azo futhi bonke ababambe iqhaza bangena esiteji begqoke imvunulo, kanti amakhamera abephethwe ngesandla awazange alahlekelwe imininingwane. Bekukhona uJoni Mitchell, T-Bone Burnett, Allen Ginsberg, Mick Ronson, Joan Baez, Arlo Guthrie, Ramblin' Jack Elliot, Roger McGuinn noMuhammad Ali. Futhi u-Sam Shepard wayekhona futhi ukuze abhale ku-fly umbhalo wefilimu ye-Fellinesque ne-surreal eyayizophuma ohambweni ngokwalo.
Leso sikripthi asizange senzeke, kodwa u-Shepard wabhala umlando walolo hambo, i-logbook ye-Rolling Thunder Revue kanye nempilo emgwaqweni. Kuleso siteji sokuhamba nakule ncwadi, izikhumbuzo zamaJuda nezaseMexico zihlangene nezinkondlo zesiNgisi, i-cowboy-slang nezinganekwane zamaNdiya (yingakho kuqanjwe igama lokuvakasha), izithombe zamaKhatholika neziluhlaza...
Le ncwadi, eyanyatheliswa okokuqala ngo-1977 futhi isiphenduke indikimba yezincwadi ze-rock, ihluke ngokuphelele kwe-albhamu yabalandeli: iyidayari eyenziwe ngokubhekwa kweso lesiphepho.
Ezinye izincwadi ezinconyiwe ngu-Sam Shepard
umhloli wokuqala
Njengalowo mkhathi owalahleka emkhathini ku-Kubrick's Odyssey, u-Shepard naye uzama ukusinika ubufakazi bakho konke, ngesamba sama-anecdotes anganikeza incazelo yokuba khona, phakathi kwezinkumbulo kanye nokubaneka kokuvalelisa njengokuwela ephusheni lokugcina.
Itestamente yemibhalo kaSam Shepard, eyabhalwa ezinyangeni zokugcina zokuphila kwakhe, lapho isifo esiwohlokayo sithatha umzimba wakhe. Ebhekene nalesi simo, umbhali wasukuma, esenzweni sokugcina sokuphikisa ngokubhala. Umphumela waba yilenoveli emfushane, eyizicucu, eyi-elliptical, e-radical, engaqondakali futhi ebabazekayo.
Othile uhlola othile: babona ngaphesheya komgwaqo indoda elokhu ihlezi esitulweni esinyakazayo, ikhuluma yodwa futhi ithola ukunakwa ngabathandekayo bayo. Omunye uvusa izinkumbulo futhi axoxele izindaba: iphathi engavamile namakamela phakathi nogwadule lwase-Arizona; indoda kababakazi eyalunywa indlebe; indawo yokudoba ogwini; ihhashi elidutshulwa phakathi nomncintiswano; umtholampilo ophakathi nogwadule ozungezwe izingadi ezinezithombe eziqoshiwe; indaba yogogo nomkhulu abashiya indlu yabo ikhukhula; indaba yePancho Villa lapho ebulawa ngemva kokuvukela umbuso; umatilasi phansi eLower East Side eNew York; I-Vietnam kanye ne-Watergate; ukuphunyuka e-Alcatraz; iqembu labantu bokufika baseMexico elilinde umsebenzi ekhoneni…
Izindawo ezisemngceleni, izindawo ezijulile zaseMelika, izindawo eziwugwadule, amabhishi aseCalifornia kanye nemigwaqo yaseNew York: imephu noma iphazili noma i-mosaic yempilo. Umsebenzi wobuhle obukhangayo, inkondlo yokuvalelisa esesimweni senoveli.
