Inoveli eqondwa kakuhle yezembali kufuneka ukuba, ngokoluvo lwam, iinjongo eziphambili zokuzonwabisa. Sebenzisa intsomi njengesixhobo sokufundisa, ukuphakanyiswa kwelizwe okanye njengenye inyani entsha kuphelela ekunikeni inyani endilicekisayo kolu hlobo lwengxelo. Ukuba ufuna ukubhala ngeMbali ngokwembono yokujonga izinto, bhala isincoko. Imalunga nokuhlonipha zombini iMbali noNcwadi, ngaphandle kwendibaniselwano emnyama kaThixo uyazi ukuba yintoni injongo.
Sukuba nexhala, akunjalo URobert Harris, umbhali ozibophelele kwimbali ngokuphathelele iintsomi. Umbhali othengisa kakhulu, oyinxalenye elungileyo yesimo sembali esicetywayo kunye nesiqwenga esifana nelo bali. Ukubhala iinoveli zembali kunye neeleta eziphakanyisiweyo ngumsebenzi wokunyaniseka ukuba wonke umbhali wolu hlobo kufuneka abeke phambili, njengohlobo lwesifungo se-Hippocratic.
Emva kwayo yonke loo nto, uHarris ngumbhali-mbali ozifundisayo, kuba uqeqesho olunxibelelene kakhulu noncwadi lwesiNgesi. Mhlawumbi yiloo nto eqala kwintlonipho yezibakala eziqinisekisiweyo ngaphambi kokuba asungule intsomi malunga neemeko zangaphambili okanye malunga neentsingiselo zentsomi ezingenazintloni.
Intatheli eyaziwayo kunye nombhali wemihlathi kwilizwe lakhe, eNgilani, uRobert waphela ephendukela kwingxelo yobuchwephesha, esenza ibango lakhe lakudala lokuba ngumbhali. Ngenxa yokuthengiswa kwayo, injongo yafezekiswa ngokupheleleyo.
Iincwadana ezintathu ezicetyiswayo nguRobert Harris:
Ilizwe lakowenu. Ngo-1964, ngaba isiphelo soRhulumente waseJamani sasisondela?
KwiMfazwe yesibini (II) yeLizwe, iReich yesithathu kunye nobuNazi bubaleke bayihambisa inki. Ndenze amanyathelo am okuqala nge wayecinga ukuba uHitler uthinjiwe ukuya eArgentina.
Into malunga ne-ucronías, into malunga nokucinga ngento enokwenzeka ukuba iMbali ayidluli kumjelo ophawulweyo yintsimi enomdla ebalisa ukuba ababhali abambalwa baye ngandlela thile. Into kaHarris kule ncwadi iyinyani, uchrony ovakalayo. UHitler akazange woyiswe, ubuNazi buqhubeke nokusasaza umgaqo-nkqubo weSocialism kaZwelonke kunye nesisombululo sayo sokugqibela ...
Isishwankathelo: Ngo-1964, iReich Third Reich yaphumelela ukubhiyozela isikhumbuzo seminyaka engama-75 ka-Adolf Hitler.
Okwalo mzuzu, kubonakala isidumbu se ndoda endala sehlayo echibini laseBerlin. Eli ligosa eliphezulu leqela, elilandelayo kuluhlu oluyimfihlo olugweba wonke umntu okulo ekufeni.
Kwaye bebesiwa belandelelana, kwiyelenqe elisandula ukuqala ... Patria 1964 ubalisa ngekamva elimnyama, elicingelwa nguRobert Harris, umbhali wezinto ezonwabisa ngokukhawuleza uEnigma nonyana kaStalin. Le noveli isiwe kwifilimu nakumabonwakude.
Iyelenqe
Ukuba nesibindi neRoma yakudala njengengxoxo elandayo kuthabatha umnqweno wokwazi nokusondela kuzo zonke iintlobo zezona zinto zikude kakhulu ngexesha nangeefom.
UHarris uphinda abhale kule ncwadi ilizwe liphela ngamayelenqe athe uBukhosi baseRoma bahamba kuwo ngekhulu leminyaka lolawulo. Ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo yeyona ilungileyo yeenoveli zakhe kwiCicero trilogy.
Isishwankathelo: I-Consul Cicero, iriphabliki eqinisekileyo, ineentshaba ezinamandla ezilungele ukumgqiba. Omnye wabo kuthiwa nguKesare ...
Ukuzonwabisa okubalaseleyo kwesinye seziqendu ezithandekayo kwimbali yaseRoma, eneenkwenkwezi zikaCicero omele ajongane nobuhle kunye nobuqhetseba beentshaba zesigxina sikaCatilina okanye uKesare ngokwakhe.
Umbhali wakha ngogonyamelo olukhulu lonke uthungelwano lwamayelenqe kunye nokonakala okwabusa eRoma ngo-63 BC, kunye nendlela unozakuzaku uCicero alithintela ngayo iyelenqe likaCatilina kwaye waba ngumsindisi weRiphabhlikhi.
Nangona kunjalo, uKesare, okwaziyo ukuvela engaphazamisekanga kwiyelenqe, amahlakani noCrassus kunye no-General Pompey abaphumeleleyo ukuze banciphise iNdlu yeeNgwevu. Iintsuku zeRiphabhlikhi zibaliwe, kwaye uCicero, wanyanzelwa ekuthinjweni, unosuku olunye kuphela lokushiya yonke into nokusindisa ubomi bakhe.
Amandla kwisithunzi
Ayisiyiyo yonke into eyimbali yezeMbali kwimeko kaHarris. Imincili yezopolitiko ikwayintsimi apho umbhali esebenza ngokwaneleyo.
Isiqingatha phakathi kweenoveli zobuntlola, ukuthatha kuphela imiba eqondwa kakuhle yokwenyani ukuze kuqatshelwe umhlaba ophantsi wezopolitiko zamazwe ngamazwe kunye neengozi ezinkulu zobunqolobi kunye nolwaphulo-mthetho olulungelelanisiweyo.
Isishwankathelo: Icebo lezopolitiko elihamba ngokukhawuleza elikhuthazwe ngabalinganiswa bokwenyani. "I-Negro" ephethe ukubhala i-biografi ye-Nkulumbuso yase-Bhritane isweleke phantsi kweemeko ezingaqhelekanga. Ukutshintshwa kwakhe kufumanise ulwazi oluphazamisayo olunokungqina ukunxibelelana kuka-Mongameli nolwaphulo-mthetho lwemfazwe olufihlwe ngumlo wobunqolobi.
Xa usopolitiki esifa kuhlaselo, umbhali uya kuqonda ukuba ngoku kunakuqala ubomi bakhe buxhonywe ngomsonto.
Ingxoxo yezopolitiko ebambekayo, enabalinganiswa abaziwayo abavela kwezopolitiko zamanye amazwe. Uhlalutyo oluvulekileyo lwezopolitiko zehlabathi kunye nolungelelwaniso.
Ezinye iinoveli ezicetyiswayo nguRobert Harris:
Munich
Mhlawumbi izivumelwano zaseMunich zangoSeptemba 30, 1938 yayikukuqaliswa koxinzelelo lwama-impiriyali ngobuNazi. Isihlomelo seSudetenland saya kwiJamani yamaNazi yayikukuvuma oko kwinjongo yoRhulumente Wesithathu WaseJamani, ngaphambi kokuqhambuka kokugqibela kweMfazwe yesibini (II) yeHlabathi, yatolikwa nguHitler njengesenzo sobuthathaka ziinkokheli zase-Yurophu zase-France nase-United Kingdom. Intlanganiso eyintlekele.
Akukho mntu ubhetele kunoRobert Harris kwinoveli yenqaku elincomekayo lomxholo kule meko yahlukileyo. Ibali elihlonipha iinyani kodwa ngobuchule likhokelele kuloo uchrony inqwenelekayo malunga nokuzaliseka.
Ngamaxesha athile, ngongenelelo lwamanani anobuchule anje ngoHugh Legat, isandla sasekunene sika-Mongameli wase-Bhritane u-Chamberlain kwaye ephethe umsebenzi ongaphantsi komhlaba ngexesha lohambo luka-Mongameli e-Munich; kunye neJamani uPaul Hartmann, umchasi ophikisayo kaHitler kunye noonozakuzaku abanamakhonkco okugqibela amandla anokuguqula imeko, inoveli izuza umva UKen Follet ungene Ubusika behlabathi.
Kuphela nguHarris ojolise ngakumbi kumdlalo wembali ovuyisayo, kwezona mbane zinqabileyo ngaphandle kokunikwa, kwisimo esikhethekileyo apho umfundi efunda khona ngencasa yolwazi, ngee-interstices ezinembali yokwenyani yokungena kumatyala ayintsomi aphazamisayo kwaye ayothusa.
Ngezo ntsuku zikaSeptemba 1938, kunye nemfazwe yaseSino-yaseJapan eyayisondela ngokusondeleyo kwimigqaliselo yeYurophu, uHitler wabonakala elindelwe kukucaphukisa oko kwakuza kwenzeka kunyaka olandelayo xa wayehlasela iPoland.
UChamberlain ukholelwa ukuba unexesha lokumisa uHitler. Kwenzeka okufanayo kunye nonobhala wakhe uHugh Legat, obulala umhlobo wakhe uPaul Hartmann kwaye uzobe isicwangciso esiyimfihlo abavakalelwa kukuba banokuguqula inyaniso ebonisa ukuba intlekele ezayo.
Kulapho ke izipho ezibalaseleyo zikaRobert Harris zokukrokra zivela ngamandla, zikhokelela umfundi kwimeko ebonakala ngathi ihambela phambili ngokuhambelana neziganeko zaloo mihla, ekwaziyo ukunxibelelana kunye nokuguqula okwenzekayo, ukuvusa iimvakalelo ezinzulu kunye neemvakalelo kuyo yonke indawo. Iinkcazo zeemeko ezigqithisileyo abalinganiswa abadlula kuzo.
