Ngamanye amaxesha umsebenzi othile (uncwadi kule meko) wenza umbhali angasebenzi. Ubunzima obugqithisileyo be Ukuguqulwa kwemizimba njengomsebenzi wobugcisa kufuneka ukuba kwakuthetha ubunzima besaladi ngokulunga kukaFranz (into efanayo kumele ukuba yenzekile kuSalinger nge Umbambisi kwirye, yintsomi ngaphezu kwayo nayiphi na enye into).
Ngaloo ndlela, Kafka, ethathelwa ingqalelo njengombhali ophakathi (hayi ongacacanga), wazigqiba iintsuku zakhe ecinga ukuba uninzi lwemisebenzi yakhe engapapashwanga ayinakupapashwa. Imbali ikhathalele ukuwubhala umsebenzi wakhe njengo "personal kakhulu" okanye "owahlukileyo", ewe, andizukuba ngumntu othatha into eyahlukileyo yeMbali.
Into endingayi kukhanyela kukuba ndiyavumelana nalo mbono we-mediocrity eqhelekileyo yale nto ibhalwe nguKafka. Kwiimeko ezininzi sithetha, ngokungathi kunjalo, ngoncwadi olungafanelekanga okanye olungenamsebenzi ngokwemigaqo ebekwe ngabahlalutyi nabanye.
Nangona kunjalo, ukubaluleka ngokusemthethweni kukaKafka kukhokelele abafundi abaninzi kwihlabathi liphela kumkhondo wokungafi kweMetamorphosis kunye nezinye iincwadi, ezathi ekugqibeleni zapapashwa EWE.
Nangona kunjalo, ukuba uqiniseke kakhulu ngexabiso lalo mbhali, kwaye nangaphambi kokumisela indawo yam yeencwadi zakhe, ungafumana wonke umsebenzi wakhe kwimeko yobumnandi kulo naliphi na ithala leencwadi elizihloniphayo, elikhoyo ngezantsi:
Konke okuthethileyo, ngesishwankathelo, ndiza kuzithiya ezi ncwadi zintathu zibalaseleyo zeKafka, okanye ubuncinci ezo zinike umbono ongahlangulwa.
Iincwadi zikaKafka (ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi) ezinconywayo
Inkqubo
Kakhulu ngaphezulu kweMetamorphosis ngokubhekisele kwicandelo lezentlalo kunye nezopolitiko zomzuzu ophila ngoKafka. Inkqubo iphakathi kwemisebenzi embalwa yoncwadi ethe yafikelela kwisiphelo esinqabileyo sokugqitha kakhulu kwimida yendalo njengebali.
Ewe kunjalo, kule noveli iqala ngokubanjwa, ngenye intsasa, kaJosef K., otyholwa ngolwaphulo-mthetho angasoze alazi, kwaye ngubani osuka kuloo mzuzu ubandakanyeka kwitangle engenakulinganiswa elawulwa sisixhobo Esikuyo yonke indawo kunye namandla onke ezizizathu neenjongo zazo ezingenakuchazwa, uFranz Kafka wenza isikweko esinamandla ngemeko yomntu wanamhlanje. UMax Brod, umhlobo, umhleli kunye nomphathi wokubhala kaKafka emva kokubhubha kwakhe, wafunda ngomsebenzi ngo-1914, njengoko uKafka, ngokwesiko lakhe, emfundela ezinye iivesi.
Ukususela kumzuzu wokuqala wayenomdla ngamandla ebali, ke wanyanzelisa, njengakwezinye izihlandlo, ukuba ipapashwe, ngokuchasene nokuthandabuza okuqhelekileyo kombhali wayo.
Emva kokusweleka ngaphambi kwexesha kukaKafka ngenxa yesifo sephepha ngo-1924, kwaye nangona umbhali wayechazile ngenqaku umnqweno wakhe wokuba yonke imibhalo yakhe itshatyalaliswe ingafundwanga, uMax Brod wagqiba kwelokuba apapashe Inkqubo kwiminyaka kamva. Olu hlobo luqokelela isicatshulwa esipheleleyo kunye nolungiselelo lweKafka ngaphandle kokugxothwa kunye nokuzikhethela kohlelo lokuqala lukaMax Brod.
Umngxunya
Phantsi kwesisefu esilawulayo esilawula umsebenzi walo mbhali, isimilo esitsha sesilwanyana (igwebu kule meko) sizisa umbono womntu, ngengqondo yakhe entsonkothileyo, ngoburharha bakhe, ngokwamandla akhe okuba neenkani ngaphandle kwesizathu, konke oku ngokwahlukana kunye nokutolika okuninzi.
Ushicilelo olutsha lwaseSpain luzisa enye yeetekisi zikaFranz Kafka zamva nje: uhlaselwe sisifo sephepha, phakathi kwexabiso lentengo, wayedlala kulo Umngxunya iziqwenga zokugqibela ezibonisa ukukrexeza kwakhe, inkanuko yenyama yakhe, ukuthula kwakhe.
Umngxunya Iqulathe, mhlawumbi, esona siprofeto sakhe sikhulu. Yayidityaniswe nevolumu yokufa kwakhe Inkcazo yomlo NguMax Brod, owayinika isihloko. NgesiSpanish, esi sihloko siguqulelwe njenge Umngxunya, Ulwakhiwo, Indawo yokuhlala o Umsebenzi.
Umlinganiswa ophambili kweli bali, intonga, ngumyili osisigxina wetonela elintsonkothileyo apho anikezela khona ubomi bakhe kunye nazo zonke izinto ezimkhathazayo.
Inqaba
Iikafkaes zepro ziqaqambisa lo msebenzi njengoyena ubalaseleyo kumbhali wamaJuda. Inqaba isixelela ngemizamo engaphumelelanga yomvavanyi K. yokufikelela kwiziphathamandla zenqaba, ekubonakala ukuba ucele iinkonzo zabo, kunye nokufumana imvume yokwenza umsebenzi wakhe kwaye ke azinze kwilali apho amkelwe njengaphandle.
Ngokunyanzelisa ibango lamalungelo akhe, amaxesha amaninzi ahlekisayo omvavanyi K. acwangcisa umzekeliso ongenakuchazeka malunga nemeko yokuxhamla kwamandla kunye nemvakalelo enzima yokuba lilungu lomntu wale mihla.
En Inqaba, Ebhalwe kwisigaba sokugqibela sobomi bombhali, xa esi sifo sasiqhubela phambili ngokuzimisela, amandla kaKafka acacisayo afikelela kumandla angaqhelekanga, engqina ukungazibopheleli kombhali, ekuzimiseleni kwakhe ukujamelana nocelomngeni olukhoyo: «Ukuhlaselwa komda wokugqibela wasemhlabeni»Umnqweno wakhe wokuba«isiphelo okanye ukuqala».
Oku kukhula kunye nokuqina, isitayile sakhe esingaqhelekanga, awathi, njengoko watshoyo UHermann Hesse, Yenza uKafka abe yinkosi eyimfihlo yeprose yaseJamani, yenza inoveli Inqaba yakudala encinci kuncwadi lwehlabathi, iklasikhi ethi, efana Inkqubo, iye yavelisa intaphane yeetoliko namagqabaza, kungekuphela nje uncwadi, kodwa kwanentanda-bulumko, yezakwalizwi, yengqondo, yezobupolitika neyoluntu, ngaloo ndlela ibonisa ukuba iye yachukumisa umgudu wexesha lethu.
Akukho zimvo