Ukujonga ngokulandelelana UMary Shelley, Edgar Allan Poe kwaye ungumnikazi Umthengisi weBramKunokuthiwa uhlobo oloyikisayo, kunye neziphumo zalo zokuqala zamaGothic, lwasuka lwasebenza ngenkulungwane ye-XNUMX njengohlobo lobunzima kumacala omabini eAtlantic.
Kwimeko ka-Bram Stoker, ngendlela efanayo naleyo yenzeka ngayo no-Shelley kunye no-«Frankestein okanye u-Prometheus wale mihla», umsebenzi wakhe u-«Dracula» wawuyintlanganiso engafikelelekiyo enezindululo ezintsha zokubaliswa. Kwakunjalo kwinqanaba lokuba umlinganiswa oyintsomi kaStoker wayegubungele ilivo lembali.
IDracula yeyona vampire ibram Brint Stoker, luphawu olupheleleyo. Umlinganiswa ophambili onale halo yokutshutshisa evela kubukho benene beVlad Tepes. IDracula yinxalenye yayo yonke kwaye nakuphi na ukubhekiswa kwi-vampirism ngokungathandabuzekiyo kudlula kulo mlinganiswa waguqulwayo wahlengahlengiswa kaninzi kumacebo amatsha nakwimiboniso bhanyabhanya. Ukuba ibhubhe kakubi, i-banshee eyoyikisayo, sele inezichazi ezahlukeneyo njenge-antihero ethandwayo kunye ne-erotically ehlawuliswayo kulungelelwaniso oluninzi.
Kodwa ngaphaya kweDracula, uBram Stoker wayesazi ukuba angayigcina njani incwadi yakhe ekumgangatho ophezulu. Amaxesha amaninzi umbhali uyala emva kokubonisa ubugcisa bakhe. Le ayisiyiyo imeko yalo mbhali waseIreland owayenguOscar Wilde, awathi naye wenza unxantathu wothando olwahlukileyo nolunokuthetha ngalo kude ...
Kodwa ukunamathela kuncwadi, njengoko benditshilo, uBram Stoker wabhala kakhulu kwaye ulungile. Ukusuka ekubhaleni kwakhe ngesandla, imfihlakalo enomdla okanye iinoveli ezoyikisayo zazalwa, zihlala zinengxaki yokubaliswa ngokwaneleyo ukuze zikwazi ukumisa inkumbulo yempawu yakhe yokuphela kukaDracula.
Iincwadi ezi-3 eziphezulu eziCetyiswayo nguBram Stoker
Dracula
UVlad Tepes ngokwenene wayenokuba yindoda elungileyo kwimvelaphi yakhe emva koko weza urhulumente evela kwicala lakhe elimnyama. Kwakuyinkulungwane ye-XNUMX kwaye ubukhosi base-Ottoman babuzama ukwandisa kuwo onke amacala. Kwezi, emva kokuvela kwezinto ezahlukeneyo ezakhokelela ekubeni abanjwe, kwaye njengenkosana yaseWallachia kunye nomkhuseli womhlaba wakhe, waqala ukusasaza iindlela zakhe ezimbi kunye neentshaba.
Inyani yile yokuba akukho nto yahluke kakhulu kuye nawuphi na umongameli ukuya kwinqanaba elinye okanye kwelinye kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesihlanu ayikavuleki kakhulu kumalungelo oluntu okanye ulwaphulo-mthetho lwemfazwe. Inqaku kukuba uBram Stoker wabona kuye umlinganiswa ophambili kwinoveli yakhe.
Akukho nto ingcono ngaphandle kohlobo lwegorha elinomphefumlo oncomekayo wokuphela kugcina umbono oqinisekileyo wokulungileyo nokubi kwakuloo mntu, ukhomba ngqo kuzo zonke iimpikiswano zethu njengabantu esinokuthi sizibonakalise komnye okanye kwenye imeko yobukho.
Intsomi yombhali iphele ngokunika uDracula obu bomi bomphefumlo, exhomekeke kumnqweno wothando ekufanele ukuba ujonge emva kwiinkulungwane ezadlulayo, ukuya kwilizwe elingaqhelekanga ngelo xesha njengeTransylvania.
Imvelaphi yenoveli, ehlengahlengiswe kuhlobo lwe-epistolary, yenze iiyantlukwano ezininzi ukutshintsha amaxesha kunye nesingqisho, kodwa isitshixo sinamathela kwinto ebaliswa ngumbhali.
Olunye uhlelo lwamva nje yile:
Igugu leenkwenkwezi ezisixhenxe
Umbhali oyimfihlakalo nothakaziswe ziimfihlakalo ezinkulu zoluntu wayengenako ukungahoyi umtsalane we-Egyptology, inkcubeko etyebileyo kwiintsomi ngobomi nokufa.
Kule noveli siqale uhambo no-Abel Trelawny oqinisekisa intombi yakhe uMargaret kunye nesoka lakhe uMalcolm Ross ukuba bathathe uhambo oluya e-Egypt.
Iinjongo zikatata ziyakucaphukisa yimfihlo enkulu egcinwe yintombi yakhe, into eya kuguqula enye yeempazamo zenoveli ibe ngumzuzu ongalibalekiyo.
Ukuphumla, indlela yokuqhuba olu lonwabo phakathi kwezidumbu kunye neephiramidi ityhila ubuchwephesha esele buhlanganisiwe emva kwempumelelo enkulu yeDracula.
Umngxuma wombungu omhlophe
Ngo-1911, unyaka ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe, uBram Stoker wapapasha le noveli. Isihloko ngokwaso sele sinokuqondwa njengesimemo sehlabathi elimnandi, mhlawumbi elinamaphupha kwaye elingenakuqondakala kunezinye iinoveli zakhe ezomeleleyo.
Mhlawumbi usazi ukuba le noveli imele ukuphazanyiswa komxholo kumbhali, iphela inditsalela umdla kunabanye abafana neLa del del sudario. Abalinganiswa beli hlabathi nakwezinye iindawo ezikude apho izilwanyana ziba ziimpawu.
Umntu ophambili kule noveli, inyoka, uphela ekufumaneni imo yomntu eyimfuneko eya kuthi inike intsingiselo yenoveli. ILady Arabella yile nyoka iyaziyo ukuba yintoni indalo yayo.
Uya kusondela ebantwini, badle umphefumlo wabo nobutyebi babo. Bathi ukuphupha iinyoka kunento yokwenza nesondo ... kwaye inoveli ikwaqhubela phambili apho.
Umthambo wenkululeko yamaphupha ukuya kwi-Goticic eroticism, iwebhu yeziqwengana ezikhokelela ekucingeleni kokuqaqamba okuqaqambileyo, ukuphazamisa kwaye kwangaxeshanye umlingo.
Amagqabantshintshi asi-7 “kuBram Stoker owoyikekayo, iincwadi zakhe ezi-3 ezizezona zibalaseleyo”