Ngenkulungwane yama-XNUMX, iindlalifa ezininzi zikaShakespeare zadityaniswa ndawonye ukuze kuzukiswe ulwimi lwesi-Anglo-Saxon ngokugqwesa. Kwisandle esinye USamuel Beckett, I-Tennessee Williams kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo ngendlela esasazeke ngakumbi uSam Shepard. Bonke bavuselela i-Anglo-Saxon theatre ngamandla amatsha alungelelaniswe kwiinyani zexesha eligcwele iinguqu, kubandakanywa nezo zinyanzeliswa ngokutyhala ukusuka kwiindawo zokuyila, kodwa nakwithiyetha.
Kodwa njengoko nditshoyo, uShepard wayehlakazekile ngakumbi, ngakumbi ekuzivumeleni ukuba athatyathwe yimizila enokumkhokelela ekubeni enze okanye umculo. Ukanti yayiyidramaturgy eyamnika olona zuko ngexesha lakhe. Ewe, eyona nto inomdla kuyo yonke into kukuba namhlanje ezona ncwadi ziceliweyo zikaShepard zezo zidlulisela amava akhe kunye neemvakalelo zakhe kuthi njengembali yexesha elinomdla, ixesha apho abadali babeziibhakana zentlalo ngokubhekiselele kwi-avant-garde kunye notshintsho. , izibophelelo zayo kodwa kunye nezono zayo, ukubaxeka kwayo, ubugwenxa kunye nokunganyaniseki kwayo...
Iincwadi ezi-3 ezinconyelwe nguSam Shepard
IMotele yeziKronike
Kwakukho ixesha, inkulungwane yama-XNUMX eyenziwe e-USA, apho ababhali badlula intsomi yeencwadi zabo, into efana nokwenzeka Truman Capote, i Hemingway, i UTom Wolfe, i Bukowski wa Ukuqhekeka, ukubalula ezimbalwa. Kwaye ke ubomi babo baba lulwandiso lweenoveli zabo ezazifunwa ngumntu wonke. Kule mihla ababhali abafani neentsomi kunye nemveliso nje ebalisayo. Oko kwaba, ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo, umtsalane ngakumbi ... USam Shepard wabhala namava akhe agqitywe ngamandla ngenxa yothando lwakhe olukhulu.
Iindlela, iimoto, ukuba wedwa kunye nolonwabo luyazithobisa ezi Iingxelo zemotele, incwadi "yamabali aphukileyo", amaqhekeza e-autobiographical, amabali kunye nemibongo eyenziwa ngokuncomekayo ngokubhala ngokukhawuleza nangokufutshane.
Iingxelo zemotele yaba yindawo yokuqala EParis, eTexas: «ifilimu endandifuna ukuyenza eUnited States yayiyiyo phaya, ngolo lwimi, loo mazwi, loo mvakalelo yaseMelika. Hayi njengeskripthi, kodwa njengomoya, imvakalelo yokujongwa, uhlobo lwenyaniso, ”utshilo uWim Wenders.
mna ngaphakathi
Njengomdlali odlalayo, USam Shepard wayeyazi indlela yokutshintshela ubugcisa obuhle kakhulu be-monologue kuleveli. Imbali yemidlalo yeqonga, njengobugcisa obubonakalayo, igqitywa sisilumko esikhulu esalatha kukungafi kubuntu obulula, komntu ojamelene nekamva lakhe.
Ukususela kumaGrike ukuya Shakespeare, Calderón de la Barca Valle Inclán okanye USamuel Beckett; ubuqaqawuli obukhulu bemidlalo yeqonga budlule kumntu ophambili onesizungu ovusa intlekele ngqo ...
Imalunga nokubabaza ubukho bethu obuhlekisayo ngokubhekisele kwilizwe elikhulu, indalo enikezela ngokungagungqiyo njengayo nayiphi na impendulo kukujonga nje okulula kwidome yasezulwini. Indawo yemidlalo yeqonga izamile ukunika ilizwi nokutolika kule mibuzo mincinci ngathi, ezantsi, singathanda ukuphosa ubungqongqo obungqonge kuthi xa kukho umntu onokuthi aqwalasele ibango lempikiswano yethu kunye netyala. Ukungafi ngumbhalo omncinci oveza umbuzo olula obuzwe kwizigidi zemibuzo malunga nokuba siyintoni.
Eyona nto intle malunga nale ncwadi kukuba umlinganiswa ophambili ekugxilwe kuye owela kwindawo ethe cwaka thina ngokwethu. Kungenxa yokuba uSam Shepard usimema ukuba sonwabele ubugcisa bakhe bokubambela.
Siba ngabadlali kulusu lomnye. Nje ukuba sivelane nomfana ohleli ebhedini, kwimiphunga yokungalali okuphazamisayo, singena kolo khangelo lokuba yintoni esivela kwezona zilula kwaye uninzi lwemihla ngemihla, kwiingxabano zethu ezendeleyo ezenza kube nzima ukubuyisa lula ukulala komntwana esakhe sahlala kuye.
Kwaye nangona ndifumana ukufana, ayisi malunga nokufumana iingcinga ezinkulu kule noveli, mhlawumbi iindlela ezinamaphupha ngothando, usapho, ityala.
Kuyinyani ukuba imeko ye-protagonist yenoveli ijongene nobomi obuthile, kodwa izithunzi zeengcinga zakhe phakathi kokuqonda kunye nokungabikho zingqondweni zisichaphazela sonke.
Isiloloquy esithile esivela kwikhandlela lokulala sisazisa kumnini wamaphupha ekusenokwenzeka ukuba wayemthanda umntu ongalunganga, nto leyo eyambiza ukuba alahle inani likayise, owayethanda naloo mfazi: Felicity. Into ephindaphindayo kulo lonke ibali, umsonto odibanisa yonke into, njengobuzali nokuba ngumama kuhlala kunxibelelana.
USam Shepard ebhedini, ezama ukusuka kwityala lakhe kunye nenzondo ukuya kubuthongo obukhulu. USam Shepard wenyuka wabuyela kwinqanaba leqonga awayelithanda kakhulu. Incwadana yajika yaba nguShepard owayekade ephupha ngokuba yiHamlet.
Ukujikeleza kwiNdudumo
Phila ukuyixela. Ukusuka ngaphakathi, ukusuka kumbindi ozama ukutsala yonke into esendleleni yayo. Intshukumo echasene nenkcubeko eyashukumisa iUnited States kunye nokuba uSam Shepard watshintshela kula maphepha agcwele isandi kunye nobushushu, njengoko uFaulkner wayeya kuthi ...
Ekwindla lowe-1975, uBob Dylan kunye neRolling Thunder Revue yakhe-umboniso owathi uDylan wawuthelekelela njengomxube wezinto ezenzekayo kunye nesekisi ehambayo- bakhenketha izixeko ezingamashumi amabini anesibini kumntla-mpuma weUnited States. Ukubanjwa kwembethi-manqindi iNkanyamba uCarter, ekubonakala ukuba kungenxa yezizathu zobuhlanga, yaba ngunobangela wolu khenketho, olwaqala ngeekonsathi eziphuculweyo ezikwinqanaba elincinci eNew England.
Ubhideke kubaphulaphuli bephondo, iqela elenziwe ziimvumi ezidumileyo kwihlabathi laphinda layila inkcubeko yomculo waseMelika, iimbongi zacengceleza iivesi zazo kwaye bonke abathathi-nxaxheba bangena eqongeni benxibe isinxibo, lo gama iikhamera ezibanjwa ngesandla zingakhange zilahlekelwe zinkcukacha. Kwakukho uJoni Mitchell, uT-Bone Burnett, uAllen Ginsberg, uMick Ronson, uJoan Baez, uArlo Guthrie, uRamblin’ uJack Elliot, uRoger McGuinn noMuhammad Ali. Kwaye u-Sam Shepard wayekho kwakhona ukuba abhale kwi-fly script ye-Fellinesque kunye nefilimu ye-surreal eya kuphuma kukhenketho ngokwayo.
Eso script asizange senzeke, kodwa uShepard wabhala ingxelo yolo hambo, incwadi yelog yeRolling Thunder Revue kunye nobomi endleleni. Kwelo nqanaba lokuhamba kunye nakule ncwadi, iinkumbulo zamaYuda kunye nezaseMexico zixutywe kunye nezibongo zesiNgesi, i-cowboy-slang kunye neentsomi zaseNdiya (ngoko ke igama loKhenketho), imifanekiso yamaKatolika kunye neeblues ...
Le ncwadi, eyapapashwa okokuqala ngo-1977 kwaye iye yaba yiklasikhi yoncwadi lwe-rock, ichasene ngokupheleleyo necwecwe labalandeli: yidayari eyenziwe ngokuqwalasela kwiliso lenkanyamba.
Ezinye iincwadi ezicetyiswa nguSam Shepard
umntu wokuqala hlola
Njengalaa somajukujuku walahleka esithubeni kwi-Kubrick's Odyssey, uShepard ukwazama ukusinika ubungqina bayo yonke into, yesimbuku see-anecdotes ezinokunika intsingiselo yobukho, phakathi kweenkumbulo kunye nokudanyaza kokuvalelisa njengokuwela ukuya kwiphupha lokugqibela.
Itestamente yombhalo kaSam Shepard, ebhalwe kwiinyanga zokugqibela zobomi bakhe, xa isifo esibuhlungu sasithatha umzimba wakhe. Ejongene nale meko, umbhali wema ngeenyawo, kwisenzo sokugqibela sokuchasa ngokubhala. Isiphumo yaba yile noveli imfutshane, iqhekezayo, i-elliptical, i-radical, entsonkothileyo nemangalisayo.
Umntu uhlola umntu: babona ngaphaya kwesitrato indoda ehleli esitulweni esishukumayo, ithetha yodwa kwaye ifumana ingqalelo kwabo ibathandayo. Umntu uvuselela iinkumbulo kwaye uxelele amabali: iqela elingaqhelekanga kunye neenkamela phakathi kwentlango yase-Arizona; umyeni kadadobawo omkhulu owalunywa indlebe; inqanawa elunxwemeni; ihashe elidutyulwa phakathi kogqatso; ikliniki embindini wentlango engqongwe zizitiya ezinemikrolo; ibali loomakhulu nootatomkhulu abamka xa indlu yabo ikhukulisekile; ibali lePancho Villa xa wagwintwa emva kwenguqu; umatrasi kumgangatho osezantsi kwiMpuma yeNew York; iVietnam kunye neWatergate; ukubaleka eAlcatraz; Iqela labaphambukeli baseMexico balinde umsebenzi ekoneni…
Imimandla yemida, imbonakalo yomhlaba enzulu yaseMelika, iindawo eziyintlango, iilwandle zaseCalifornia kunye nezitrato zaseNew York: imephu okanye iphazili okanye imosaic yobomi. Umsebenzi wobuhle obunomtsalane, umbongo wokuvalelisa okwimo yenoveli.
