Umanyano lwasimahla lwezimvo yinto onayo. Nje ukuba ndazi malunga noveli entsha ngo UAntonio Garrido: «Umyezo we-enigmas», ndakhumbula umzobo odumileyo weoli nguBosco. Ewe, lowo unanisa amaqhina kumnandi.
Kuya kuba ngumcimbi wolonwabo oluhambelanayo phakathi komzobo odumileyo kunye nomsebenzi omude wokubhala wombhali, ngubani owaziyo?
Amanqaku akhethekileyo ecaleni, ingongoma kukuba phantsi kwetywina Indlu yopapasho yaseEspasa, Ukususela ngoNovemba 26 siya kukwazi ukunandipha inoveli entsha enkulu nguAntonio Garrido. Isicwangciso esinomdla esinesetingi senkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba esisifaka kwizibane kunye nemithunzi yehlabathi elizinikele kwizinto zanamhlanje, kunye nesiphumo se-chiaroscuro samabali amakhulu athandabuzayo.
«Umyezo we-Enigmas ngumdlalo ochulumancisayo osetwe kwiVictorian London, ukhuthazwe ziziganeko ezingaqondakaliyo ezijikeleze uMboniso weHlabathi oMkhulu we-1851.
URick Hunter, umzingeli onesisa onembali emnyama, kunye noDaphne Loveray, isazi sezibalo esiziphethe kakubi, inkwenkwezi kweli bali lizele lulwaphulo-mthetho, apho kufuneka batyhile ababulali kwisimo somzi-mveliso obilayo waseLondon.
Phakathi, iinkonzo ezifihlakeleyo zeOfisi ye-Foreing kunye nolwimi olungaqondakaliyo lwe-cryptographic, olukhutshwe kwii-harems zaseTurkey, ezibandakanyeka kwiyelenqe elikhulu lolwaphulo-mthetho.
Phakathi kwenyani kunye nentsomi
Ubume bembali bale noveli busisa eLondon kwiinyanga eziphambi kokubhiyozelwa koMboniso wokuqala weHlabathi liphela, indawo yokuhlala yabasebenzi kunye noomatshini abasebenza ngokuchasene newotshi ukuze bagqibezele imisebenzi ngexesha.
Kule meko imangalisayo, abalinganiswa bethu kuya kufuneka bajongane neengxabano ezinobungozi ezinxulumene nezopolitiko kunye nezithethe zeVictorian, ezinje ngeOpium Wars phakathi koBukhosi baseBhritane kunye neTshayina echumileyo, kunye nesithunzi seNkampani yase-East India njengomdlali weqonga okhohlakeleyo kuyo yonke le noveli. .
Kunye nabalinganiswa, siya kufumana abalinganiswa bokwenyani ukusuka kolu hambo lumangalisayo, njengeNkosi uJohn Russell, iNkulumbuso, okanye iNkosi uHenry Palmerston, uNobhala Wezangaphandle, oya kubaluleka kwisisombululo seziganeko ezintsonkothileyo ezibaliswayo.
Ulwimi lweentyatyambo
Ngexesha lokuqala le-Victorian, xa ukuziphatha okungqongqo kuthintele ukubonakaliswa kweminqweno, ukulungiswa kweentyatyambo kwaba yindlela efanelekileyo yokuthumela imiyalezo. UKumkani uCharles II waseNgilani ngokwakhe waseka ikhowudi yakhe ephefumlelwe ziiharem zaseTurkey, kwaye wayalela usapho lakwaHartford e-Edinburgh, abagadi bakhe bobuqu, kubugcisa bomlingo.
Kangangeenkulungwane ezimbini, iHartford yayigada ngokufihlakeleyo “imfihlelo yeentyatyambo,” de umhlolokazi uHellen Hartford wafudukela eLondon ukuya kuqhuba iPassion of the Orient, igumbi leentyatyambo apho izihandiba zaziza kukhetha ukuvelisa eyona miyalezo ikhuthazayo. Ke, phantsi kweentyantyambo zayo ezingaqhelekanga, awona mabali amdaka enkanuko kunye nesondo aqala ukujikeleza kumaqela antsonkothileyo eKensington Palace.
Kodwa ayizizo kuphela ezo ntlobo zemiyalezo ...
Imbeko kwibali elikhulu lesiNgesi lenkulungwane ye-XNUMX
Kuninzi ubunyani oburhabaxa be U-Oliver TwistInkcazo kaDickens ngobomi kwindawo yangaphantsi yaseLondon. Kwakhona kuloo nto yabalinganiswa abaninzi, abagwetyelwe ukuphila kakubi baze bafe kabuhlungu kwisixeko apho iimpuku zizulazula ngokukhululekileyo kwaye abantwana bayeke ukuba njalo nje bakuba belunyulwe.
Ukusuka kumhlobo olungileyo we UDickens, Iingqungquthela zikaWilkie -ukusuka Ilitye lenyanga-sela enye yezona subplots ezingaqhelekanga zenoveli. Ineengcambu zayo kwi-India yobukoloniyali, kumabali adibanisa ubungangamsha bobukhosi kunye nokonakala kwezixhobo zikarhulumente kunye neziqalekiso ezinxulumene neenkonzo zakudala zamaHindu.
UConan Doyle y UDefoe, ibonakala ngathi ivela kubalinganiswa ababini abahluke kakhulu:
URick Hunter, umlinganiswa oyintloko, wenze izakhono zokujonga kunye nokuxhuzulwa kwakhe imodus vivendi; ngenene, ngaphandle kobuchule obunjalo ngesele efile kwenye yeemeko ezininzi ajongene nazo njengomzingeli onesisa. I-epic yakhe yobuqu ikwakhupha amathontsi ambalwa ka-Count Monte Cristo, ukusuka UAlexander dumas.
Kwicala lakhe, uMemento okrelekrele unento kaRobinson Crusoe: uhlala yedwa kwaye wenza izixhobo ezimnceda ukuba aphile kwihlathi lasezidolophini.
Okokugqibela, iingxoxo phakathi kukaRick noDaphne kunye nemiboniso kwivenkile yeentyatyambo, iigadi zaseCremorne kunye nezindlu zasebukhosini zibhiyozela ubukrelekrele, ubulumko, ubukrelekrele kunye nobumnandi babanye babanoveli abakhulu besiqingatha sokuqala senkulungwane ye-XNUMX, kunye no-Austen kunye no. UBrontë ukhokele.
Igalari enomdla yabalinganiswa
RI-ICK HPHANTSI
Ngubani uRick Hunter ngokwenene? Ziziphi iimfihlelo ezimnyama ezifihliweyo phantsi kweso sazisi sobuxoki? Kutheni umlenze wakho uneziva? Kwaye ngoku, kutheni indoda efundileyo njengaye ingasebenza njengomzingeli onesisa, enxulumana nomfo ongathembekanga njengoJoe Sanders?
Kukho imibuzo emininzi kuneziqinisekiso kubuntu bukaRick. Siyazi ukuba nifuna impindezelo kumntu owenze ububi obungenakulungiseka ngaphambili; onolwazi olumangalisayo lwebhotani; othiya isityebi; ukuba unomtsalane kwaye ungumlweli olungileyo, nokuba eIndiya washiya ngaphezu kwenxalenye yobomi bakhe. Le noveli ibaliswa kumntu wesithathu, igxile kuye.
Daphne LI-OVERAY
Mhle kwaye uyamangalisa, amehlo akhe aluhlaza akhanyisela yonke into ayijongayo. Uyi-aristocrat engakukhathaleli ukunxulumana nabantu abaqhelekileyo ukonwabela ubomi. Umyeni wakhe uxhalabele imizobo yakhe kunaye. Ungumfazi ngaphambi kwexesha lakhe: inkcubeko, i-polyglot, ngolwazi lwemathematika ... kwaye ikhululekile kakhulu kuthando kunye nesondo.
Ukwafihla iimfihlelo ezinokubulala. Intsebenziswano yakho kunye IOfisi yamanye amazwe Ngomnye wabo. Isixhobo esihlala sifihliwe sesinye. Wenza ntoni ngokwenene?
JOE SANDERS
Ungumphathi kaRick - kunokuba iqabane - ukuthatha ipesenti enkulu kakhulu yemivuzo abayiqokelelayo kunaye. Ngaphandle kukaJoe, uRick ngewayengekho kulo rhwebo. Ungumfo otyebileyo, omdaka, otyebileyo. URick uyamthiya, uyamthiya ubungendawo bakhe, ubundlongondlongo bakhe kunye nomdla wakhe ogqithisileyo emalini. Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka umkhathalele, njengoko uJoe esazi ngakumbi malunga nexesha lakhe elidlulileyo kunokuba uRick eqonda.
MEMENT MI-ORI
Umhlobo kaRick kuphela. Indoda eneminyaka ephakathi, ihlala kwiNdawo yoLuleko yaseSouthwark, isebenza ngoomatshini. Uphila ngokulungisa, ukulungisa, ukuguqula nokwakha izixhobo ezisebenza ngoomatshini azithengisela iindawo zokusebenzela. Inkangeleko yakhe yeyokunyangwa kwephupha elibi. Ugqabhuko-dubulo lonakalisa ubuso bakhe, bubushiya bungenazinkophe, azama ukubufihla phantsi kweendondo ezimnyama.
HELLEN HARTFORD
Umnikazi weentyatyambo "Umdla waseMpuma“Ngumhlolokazi otyebileyo, onesimilo esingaguqukiyo, ohlala enxunguphele ngombandela angafuniyo ukuwuthetha nabani na. Uwongwe ngoLungiselelo lweentyatyambo zoMboniso Omkhulu, kodwa iya kuba sisivumelwano esineziphumo ezibi.
NKOSI BRADBURY
Usomashishini, i-philanthropist kunye nendoda enempembelelo enkulu kurhulumente. Nangona iingxaki zakhe zokuhamba, uyazi yonke into ephekwe eBritani nakwiikoloni. Umhlobo wongasekhoyo uMnumzana Hartford, uye wancedisa umhlolokazi wakhe ekufumaneni isivumelwano sakhe noMboniso oMkhulu. Ukwangumkhuseli kaDaphne Loveray kwi NgaphandleOfisi.
GUSTAV GIMBAleki
Ummeli waseJamani, umcebisi buqu kaPrince Albert, umyeni kaKumkanikazi uVictoria, kwaye unoxanduva lokhuseleko lweCrystal Palace, indawo apho uMboniso weHlabathi uza kubanjelwa khona. Nangona kunjalo, bobabini uRick noDaphne baqinisekile ukuba lo mlinganiswa unekratshi ufihla ezinye izinto ezingaphantsi kokuvuma izono.
PENNY
Umncedisi wevenkile kwivenkile yeentyatyambo Umdla waseMpuma, ufihla ixesha elidluleyo elakhayo, ekubeni wayesebenza njengonongogo. Ukukhangela i-haggard, kunye neentsini ezidumbileyo kunye namazinyo atshatyalaliswayo, umphumo wokungadli kakuhle, imikhwa embalwa yococeko kwaye, ngokuqinisekileyo, isifo esithile, ungumhlebi kunye nomntu olungileyo.
KI-ARUM DASWANI
Usomashishini waseIndiya onomdla kwishishini eLondon. Ungomnye wabo banoxanduva kwi-pavilion yelizwe lakhe kuMboniso oMkhulu. Imbonakalo yakhe iyoyikeka, inde kwaye i-herculean. Ukongeza kumashishini akhe awaziwayo, uqhuba i-opium den eyaziwayo kunye ne-brothel, a le Apho amagosa aphezulu kunye nabarhwebi abahloniphekileyo bangabathengi.
London, ngaphezu kweqonga
Ngo-1850, iLondon yenze utshintsho olukhulu olwaluza kuyenza ibe sesona sixeko sibalulekileyo emhlabeni kumashumi eminyaka ezayo. Ngelo xesha, yayisesona sixeko sikhulu samazwe ngamazwe kunye nekomkhulu lobona Bukhosi bunamandla.
Ukuqina kwayo kutsale amakhulu amawaka abantu abavela kulo lonke elase-UK nakwiikoloni. Ukuxinana kwabangela ukuqhambuka kobhubhani bekholera ngamaxesha athile. Olona lwakutshanje, ngowe-1848, lwabulala abantu abangaphezu kwe-14 000.
Ukukhula kwesi sixeko kuye kwadilika ezinye izitalato ezazingakwazi ukufunxa izithuthi, izilwanyana nabantu. Oko kukhawulezise ukuyilwa kothungelwano lukaloliwe asixelela ngalo uRick Hunter.
Isiganeko esikhulu salo mzuzu sasikubhiyozelwa koMboniso wokuqala we-Universal, ikomkhulu lawo laliyiCrystal Palace eHyde Park. Igama layo elisemthethweni lalinguMboniso oMkhulu weMisebenzi yoShishino lweZizwe zonke. INkosana Albert, umyeni kaKumkanikazi uVictoria, wayengumgqugquzeli wayo emva kokundwendwela umboniso wemizi-mveliso eParis. Injongo yayo ibingumboniso wezinto ezinomdla nezinto ezenziwayo ezivela kwihlabathi liphela kunye nokukhuthazwa kwemfundo yobugcisa, uyilo lwemizi-mveliso, urhwebo, ubudlelwane bamazwe ngamazwe kunye nokhenketho, into eyandayo.
Uqhagamshelwano lokuqala lomfundi neLondon lwenzeka ebumelwaneni Iidawuli ezisixhenxe, kwindawo yaseCovent Garden, ngelo xesha, phakathi kwezona matyotyombe ayingozi esixekweni.
Umthengisi weentyatyambo Umdla waseMpuma Ibonakala ikwisithili saseBayswater. Ngokungafaniyo neminye imimandla yaseLondon, ngelo xesha yayifana nedolophu encinane eseluxolweni apho abamelwane bayo babekwazile ukuthintela inkqubela phambili yempucuko ukuba yonakalise ukuzola kobomi babo.
Esinye sezicwangciso eziphambili kwisakhiwo yiCremorne Gardens, apho uDaphne noRick badibana khona. Emi ngaselunxwemeni lomlambo iThames, ezi zitiya zaphila iminyaka yazo yobukhazikhazi phakathi ko-1845 no-1877. Emva kokudlula ezandleni ezininzi, zaba zizitiya ezivuleleke kuluntu, ezineendawo zokutyela ezinkulu, iiholo zokudanisa, iindawo ezahlukahlukeneyo ezinomtsalane kunye nebhaluni yomoya oshushu ovela elwandle. ukuba unokuqwalasela i-panorama ebanzi yesixeko.
Siza kuphinda sihambe kwezinye iintolongo ezidumileyo kunye nezikhululo zikaloliwe ezimbalwa - ezininzi zisakhiwa.
Kwikomkhulu loBukhosi, ibalaselisa isakhiwo seOfisi yaMazwe ngaMazwe kunye ne-Commonwealth, e-St. James's Park, kunye nehotele ye-Mirvart yobutofotofo kunye neyodwa, ngoku eyihotele edumileyo kaClaridege, eBrook Street, kwindawo yaseMayfair.
Ubume bembali
Sele siyichazile eminye imiba ebalaseleyo yelo xesha lembali. Nangona kunjalo, ukonwabela le noveli ngakumbi, kufuneka sibeke amava kaRick noDaphne kwisakhelo esibanzi.
Amaphulo omkhosi eBritish East India Company ayevule, ngenkulungwane ye-1842, amasango eIndiya. Ngenkulungwane ye-1841, kunye neNkampani njengebhena, iBhritane yazama ukusasazeka kulo lonke ilizwekazi laseIndiya ikhangela imathiriyeli ekrwada kunye neemarike ezintsha zokwenziwa kwazo. Ngowe-1839 umkhosi wamaNgesi namaIndiya wophuka kwidabi laseGandamak, eAfghanistan. Ngelo xesha, iCeylon neBurma zathelela imimandla yaseBritani eAsia, ekwathi iHong Kong yongezelelwa kuyo, ngowe-1842, emva kweMfazwe yeOpium yokuQala, eyabakho phakathi kowe-XNUMX nowe-XNUMX. Kukho iimbekiselo ezininzi kuyo. Umyezo weamaqashiso.
INgilani esasiyityelela ebudeni bokufunda yayiphila kwixesha elalibizwa ngokuba lilo leVictorian, eyayigqalwa njengencopho yeMvukelo yoShishino noBukhosi baseBritani. Kwakuyixesha elide kakhulu eliphawulwe kulawulo lukaVictoria I, ukusuka kwi-1837 ukuya kwi-1901. Ngaloo minyaka, iinguqu ezinzulu zenkcubeko, ezopolitiko kunye nezentlalo zenzeka.
Umzobo kaRick unika imbeko kumbutho onguvulindlela wanamhlanje, iBow Street Corridors, eyasekwa ngo-1749 ngumantyi kunye nombhali wencwadi uHenry Fielding. Ngowe-1829, kwazalwa amapolisa aseLondon Metropolitan, eyaziwa ngokuba yiScotland Yard. Omabini la mabutho ahlala de kwangowe-1838, xa adityaniswayo.
U-Rick sele ebhekisela kwimbonakalo esondeleyo yabaphandi babucala, ababesebenza eFransi ukususela ngo-1830, ngenxa yepolisa elidumileyo u-Eugène-François Vidocq.
Ngokwenxalenye yalo, umlingiswa kaDaphne Loveray uphefumlelwe ngamandla yingcali yezibalo yaseBrithani u-Augusta Ada King, u-Countess weLovelace, owaziwa ngokuba ngu-Ada Lovelace, intombi ekrelekrele kunye nenhle yeNkosi Byron. Nangona uhanahaniso lwelo xesha, abafazi baqala ukufumana ukuqatshelwa kwiileta, nangona kungekho kangako kwinkalo yesayensi.
Ngoku ungathenga inoveli ethi Umyezo we-Enigmas, incwadi entsha ka-Antonio Garrido, Apha: