Vanyori gumi vakanaka vekuItaly

Genre for genre pane mamwe masymmetries pakati pezvinyorwa zveItaly uye Spanish. Ichave chinhu chakagovaniswa cheMedithera, cheiyo idiosyncrasy yakadzokororwa pamativi ese ekumadokero kwemahombekombe eMare Nostrum. Kufanana kunonzwisiswa zviri nani kubva muzana ramakore rechiXNUMX umo symbiosis yetsika inowana pekugara hukuru pakati pevanonongedzera kubva kune rimwe divi uye kune rimwe. Kubva Vazquez Montalban naCamilleri kuna José Luis Sampedro naItalo Calvino.

Vanyori vazhinji vanowana mamwe kana mashoma akajairika synergies pamativi ese. Uye kuti kutenda mune masangana inhau yekutenda kukuru. Saka kune muverengi ane mareferensi eSpanish ari kumusoro, unogona zvakare kunakidzwa nevatauri veItaly kune rimwe divi regirazi.

Zvinoitika nemimhanzi kana nehumwe humwe hunyanzvi. Izvo zvinofurira nguva dzose, mukutanga, izvo zvinobuda zvinenge zvichibva kune telluric, kubva kunzvimbo yenzvimbo, kubva kumamiriro ekunze uye kunyange kubva kuchiedza. Kupfuura nguva dzose inogamuchirwa uye kunyange inodiwa pesvedzero kubva kune dzimwe nzvimbo, hunyanzvi hunochengetedza idiosyncrasy senge sonata yekumashure inozunguza chero basa.

Handei ikoko nevanyori vaya vekuItaly vakanunurwa panzvimbo ino. Ndakataura pamusoro payo pazviitiko zvakawanda asi ndinozvirangarira zvakare, nzvimbo yangu yekugara ndeye XNUMXth uye XNUMXst mazana emakore. Kuti udzivise kutemwa nematombo emhando yepamusoro uye purists yenzvimbo…

Vepamusoro gumi Vanokurudzirwa Vanyori veItaly

Umberto Echo

Anongoramba ari semologist anogona kunyora maviri enganonyorwa senge Foucault's Pendulum kana Iyo Chitsuwa cheZuva Rakatangira uye usaparara mukuyedza. Umberto Echo Aiziva zvakawanda kwazvo pamusoro pekutaurirana nezviratidzo munhoroondo yevanhu, zvekuti akazoguma odurura huchenjeri kwese kwese mumabhuku maviri enhema aya kusvika pakupedzisira kusvika kune zvinorehwa nemunhu.

Pakutanga (uye kune vaverengi vazhinji zvakare pakupedzisira), anogona kuita seakaomesesa manovhero, umo chakavanzika chinokatyamadza chingaburitswa chinowanikwa asi icho chinofambira mberi zvishoma nezvishoma, chichiongorora zvinhu zvinotiza muverengi asingafariri zvakadzama.

Zvino sezvo munyori uyu atisiya, tinogona kumusuwa. Nhaka yake yakatorwa na Dan Brown o Javier Sierra mune yenyika panorama, kutumidza vaviri vakakodzera vagari venhaka. Asi, pasina kudzikisira pazviri, hapana mumwe wevanyori vazvino vanyori vane zvakaenzana zvine huchenjeri hwakadai pamusoro pezvakavanzika zvinotinetsa serubudiriro.

Umberto Eco akanyora zvakare chinyorwa chevanhu uye chefilosofiSezvakaita purofesa akanaka kuti aiva. Kungave kuri kubata nenganonyorwa kana zvimwe zvinyorwa zvechokwadi, Eco yaigara ichikwanisa kufadza mamirioni evaverengi. Uye hechino chishongo chako:

Italo Calvin

Iyo yakasarudzika boka kana basa remunyori zvirokwazvo ndiyo yakasarudzika kupfuura ese. Kuziva kuti iwe unoda kutaurira chimwe chinhu uye kuti iwe zvakanyanya kana zvishoma kuziva nzira yekuzviudza ndiyo yakatendeseka nzira yekuve munyori. Zvese zvimwe zvinoratidzika kwandiri, nemoyo wese hazvina basa. Munguva pfupi yapfuura ndinoona mhando ye "zvikoro zvekunyora" ichiwedzera, sekutaura kwaiita sekuru vangu curmudgeon: hure, hapana chimwezve.

Zvese izvi zvinouya, kunyangwe zvisiri zvakanyanya, nenyaya yekuti mumwe weakakura se Italo Calvin Inosimbisa chirevo chinoitwa nemunyori, asi achizviita iye. Hapana chimwezve chinodzidziswa-pachako pane kutanga kunyora chete nekuti. Kana iwe uchitsvaga zviwanikwa kana mazano, kana iwe uchida rutsigiro kana kusimbiswa, zvipire iwe kune chimwe chinhu.

Hongu ndataura zvakanaka mumwe wevakuru, Italo Calvino, aisazombofunga nezvekuve munyori panguva yaaidzidza mainjiniya, sababa vake. Imwe chete nguva gare gare, mushure mechipiri Hondo Yenyika, akawana nzvimbo semutori wenhau akagadziridzwa panguva imwechete iyo yaakatanga kufarira Mabhuku.

Kune maCalvinos maviri, kunyangwe matatu kana mana (ini ndinonyanya kutora wechipiri). Pakutanga aida kuratidza chokwadi chakashata chehondo uye mushure mehondo. Chakajairika chinhu muchiedza cheicho chinotyisa. Asi makore gare gare aizowana nzira yake yakabudirira kwazvo: fungidziro, yekufananidzira, inoshamisa ...

Kusvikira iye azopedzisira aneta nechero chishamiso chiitiko uye akazoguma ave kuita surrealism, izvo zvinofanirwa kunge zviri izvo zvatakasara patinoswedera kumagumo nekuwana hunyengeri hwese. Kudzoka kuchinyorwa uye zvemagariro sechiitiko chekudzidza zvakavhara makore ake ekunyora pasati sitiroko yakamugumisa muna 1985.

Andrea Camillery

Mudzidzisi weItaly Andrea Camillery aive mumwe weavo vanyori avo vakazadza zviuru zvemapeji nekutenda kutsigiro yevaverengi vake pasirese. Yakatanga kubuda muma90, chokwadi chinoratidza iyo kutsungirira uye kunyora kwehunyanzvi senheyo yehupenyu hwavo hwakakosha hunowanikwa kune nhema pane chena.

En rimwe remabasa ake ekupedzisira, UsandibataAndrea akaramba achiratidza nzvimbo iyi yekuumbwa kwemapurisa madema-emhando kunyange pazera rake. Kunaka kwakanyatsodzidziswa kunoratidzika kuve newe nguva dzose. Mamiriro ake echinyakare, maanogadzira hunyanzvi zvirongwa zvake nhema, yakadzika Sicily, kungave munzvimbo chaidzo kana dzakagadzirwa nzvimbo, asi nguva dzose iine iyo midzi yechitsuwa chikuru cheItaly.

Pano ini ndinosiya rimwe remabasa ake akasarudzika apo Camilleri anopfupikisa kuseka, nekumwe kunhuwirira kweMedithera saltpeter, nekuratidzira kwechipo chisingarambikike chekumisikidza zvirongwa zvekufungira zviri nyore. Chiitwa chidiki chekudzidzisa kune chero munyori anozviremekedza:

Claudius Magris

Pakati pevanyori vekare uye vanozivikanwa vekuItaly, anomira pachena a Claudius Magris Akave munyori wezvose, nerezinesi riya iro zera rinopa kune avo vakatamba kota mumarudzi ese ehondo.

Mukusavapo kwe Andrea Camillery akaita chiremera chakazara cherondedzero yeItaly, Magris anounganidza trastros kunyangwe asingatore chikamu mumhando imwe chete. Nekuti mubvunzo mumabhuku ndewekuti zvichiri kunzwisiswa kuti mukuru akachenjera, semunguva yakapfuura musimba ...

Saka kutarisa paMagris bibliography chatove chiito chekuremekedza. Kunyanya kana zvikaonekwa kuti ngano dzayo uye dzisiri dzemanyepo dzinogara dzichisangana semitezo inodyisa mumwe nemumwe, ichigadzira nzira yemabhuku nechokwadi, yepamutemo aesthetics asiwo yekuzvipira.

Magris ndomumwe wevanyori vanochinjanisa mabasa ake sezvinodiwa kune mamwe mabhuku ane hunyoro mune zvemukati uye anokurumidza mukurarama. Heino basa rakasiyana naMagris:

Alessandro baricco

iye zvino mabhuku echiItaly anonakidzwa nemhando inoyemurika muvanyori vayo vakuru. Kubva a eri de luca kuti kunyangwe nanhasi rakakosheswa pane chinyorwa chichifashukira nekunzwisisa uye shanduko ideology, kusvika a Camillery isingagumi pabasa rake semutongi wedikitivha uye utsotsi inoverengeka kunyangwe mudiki se Savian, zvechokwadi kune zvakadzika zvevanhu, Moccia mune rake basa senge mainstay yerudo genre kana inokwezva Luca D'Andrea, ichangobva kuitika yekuEurope yekunyora.

Pakati pezera tinowana a Alessandro baricco waani Biblography yatowana nzvimbo yakakura uye ane chinyorwa chinopa musiyano wakarongeka uye wenyaya waungade zvakanyanya kana zvishoma, asi izvo zvinopedzisira zvaupa chirevo chekusiyanisa, chidhindo icho chinobatanidza basa nemunyori nekuti iye chete anosvika nyaya dzavo sekunge ndezverudzi rwavo. ndichaedza.

Ichokwadi kuti dzimwe nguva mabhuku ake anogona kunge ari "kuyedza", asi hazvisi zvishoma kuti kugona kwake kushamisika kunounza hutsva uye kupfuudza chinangwa kubva muchimiro icho, kunyangwe zvese, chiri nyore kune wese muverengi. Heino rimwe remabhuku akanakisa eBaricco:

Natalia Ginzberg

Iri zita rekuti Levi rinokurumidza kubatanidzwa muItari neanopokana-fashistist kurwa kubva mune zvinyorwa kuenda mune zvematongerwo enyika. Asi chokwadi ndechekuti Natalia Ginzberg (Natalia Levi chaizvo) haana kana chekuita naye wepanguva yake, mumwe wake wechiItaly uye zvakare wechiJuda Cousin levi.

Uye ndizvo chaizvo zvakamutsa mabhuku kumukana wavo wekusangana pane imwe nhambo. Asi pakupedzisira haina kukosha. Hapana spark yakamuka uye zvinozivikanwa kuti Natalia akaramba mamwe emabasa ake achiri kushanda kuimba yekutsikisa yeEinaudi.

Saka mumwe nemumwe aitevera basa rake uye nehupenyu hwake. Pfungwa dzehunyorwa hwebasa uye hupenyu hwakave chinhu chisingazungunuke (sechinyorwa uye kuzvipira kubva mukunyunyuta) munguva dzakaoma idzo ivo vaviri vaifanira kurarama kubva pahudiki hwavo.

Nemutoro wenguva dzakaoma, Natalia akazoita mhando yemunyori wechipupuriro icho nhasi chinoita kunge zvinyorwa zvematsotsi. Kuverenga kwakasiyana zvakanyanya neaya epanguva iyoyo mukutsvaga kunzwira tsitsi pamwe nechido chekukunda zvinotyisa nekuzvienzanisa neongororo yazvino.

Nekuti ikozvino, kuverenga Natalia kunomutsa iwo manzwiro ekushamisa mukusanzwisisika padyo nemamonya anogona kugara mukati medu sevanhu. Zvichakadaro, pane imwe nguva kana imwe, kukunda kunoonekwa sekugona kusingarambiki kwemunhu, nguva dzose.

eri de luca

Zvichida kana kamwe kuitika kwekudyara kwakatemwa nenzira yekugadzika iro basa rekugadzira revanyori vazhinji vakabatana, nekuda kwemafaro kana neruzivo diki, kune zvazvino maitiro.

Iyo poindi ndeyekuti nhasi vaviri vanotaura nyaya kubva kuma50s, anonongedzera murondedzero yeItaly se Alessandro baricco y eri de luca anotaridzika kunge zai kune chestnut. Uye nemoyo wese chinhu chekutenda nacho kuti panguva ino munhu wese anopedzisira agadzira, kupenda, kunyora mimhanzi kana kunyora, nezve uye nezvavanoda.

Akanaka chekare Erri De Luca agara achichengetedza iyo nhetembo poindi iyo inoshongedza senge yekupedzisa kubata iyo inopfuura nzvimbo yeiyo diki, yekutarisa kwekutarisa iyo inosiyana senge zoom kuona maoko ekupuruzira kana kuita kumwechete kuri pakati pedutu guru, kubva kumakore matema ayo mashoma chimiro cheavo vaviri vanhu vakatarisana.

Basa rekunyora raErri hakusi kuti chaive chinhu chakanyanya kukosha. Asi mukutengeserana kwemunyori, dzimwe nguva ndizvo chaizvo izvo, kuunganidza zviitiko, kuzvipa kune mamwe mabasa kuti apedzisire achipa kutenda shure kwezvakararama uye zvezviratidziro pane zvese zvinoonekwa, zvinonakidzwa, zvinonzwisiswa kana kunyange zvakatukwa. Heino rimwe remabasa ake akanakisa:

Susanna tamaro

Pane imwe genre itsva muItaly tamaro. Zvinoita sekunge fananidzo inowanikwa mumunyori uyu nzvimbo itsva iripo pakati pechokwadi chiri padyo netsoka dzedu uye zvemweya zvakaitwa fungidziro, zvishuwo, ndangariro, tariro. Mukuenzanisa ikoko pakati perwiyo nechiito, chero bhuku remunyori rinosvika padanho iroro chete pazvaainazvo, senyika itsva.

Nedzimwe nguva inonakidza pfungwa, nekurudziro yayo pamwe kubva kune Italo Calvin mugadziri wenyaya pfupi, bhaibheri raSusanna rakatowanda rinotitungamira nekumbomira mumabhuku kunouya zvirinani nekuzorora kuti tiwane nuances.

Mubvunzo ndewekutanga nechido chekuda kuziva uye wopedzisira watora iyo pfungwa yemumwe munyori anozevezera nyaya dzake dzichifamba pakati pemhepo yakapfava yechirimo, senge melancholic currents kana nziyo dzinozorodza, dzinogara dzakatenderedza rudo, hupenyu, rufu uye mweya, hongu ndizvo. kuti inogona kuva, kuita mabhuku asina simba.

Elena Ferrante

Kune vazhinji hazvigoneke, kumiganhu yepamusoro, kuti mumwe munhu anowana kubwinya kwebasa rake haadi kuzivikanwa, kuisa pamapeti matsvuku, kuita mabvunzurudzo, kuenda ku posh galas ... Asi pane nyaya Elena Ferrante, iro zita rekunyepedzera iro rinochengetedza imwe yeanonyanya kunyora enigmas emazuva edu.

Kune iye munyori (kumwe kutsva-kwereti-katsva akaisa zita chairo rakazoraswa), ichi chihwande-chifukidziro chinoshandira chikonzero cherondedzero pasina kufungisisa kudiki kana kubvumidzwa. Chero ani anotora madhairekitori eFerrante anofarira kuve iye mugadziri asina zvimisikidzo kana nuances, pasina iko kuzvidzora (zvakanyanya kana zvishoma zvakadzika midzi mune wega munyori) pakati pehana nepfungwa yekudzokororwa kwezvakanyorwa.

Kune makore mazhinji atovemo mairi Ferrante anga achinyora mabhuku. Uye chinhu chinonyanya kufarira pamusoro penyaya yake ndechekuti zvishoma nezvishoma kuda kwake kwakabviswa nekukosha kwemanovel ake. Kune vamwe vachiri kunetseka kuti Elena Ferrante ndiani? Asi vaverengi vava kujairira chose kusaisa kumeso kune chero anonyora kune rimwe divi.

Ehe, isu hatigone kutonga kuti kuseri kweichi enigmatic edhisheni maitiro mamwe marongero haana kuvanzika nawo ekumutsa kuda kuziva ... Dai izvi zvaive zvakadaro, ngapasave nemunhu anonyengedzwa, chinhu chakakosha ndechekuti zvinyorwa zvaFerrante zvakanaka. Uye kuverenga kwakanaka hakumbofi kuri kunyepa.

Uye saka mashiripiti awungangodaro waigara uchitsvaga anozogadzirwa Ferrante semunhu kana chirongwa cheFerrante. Zvepedyo uye panguva imwechete nhoroondo dzine hupenyu dzinoisa isu pamberi peiyo hyper-chaiyo mifananidzo yehupenyu, nekutarisisa kwakadzama kwezana ramakumi maviri chiitiko icho munyori anoita kunge ane chikwereti chimwe chinhu, kana mune icho chinhu chingadai chakarasika. Nyaya dzinowanzoitika nezve vakadzi, protagonists erudo, kusuwa kwemoyo, zvishuwo, kupenga uye kurwa.

Maurice de Giovanni

El Italian noir, saka zvinoenderana neSpanish mumavambo ayo echiLatin ane makomo akanangana nehuwori uye mafias akaiswa pamatanho ese, iwe unogara uchisuwa munhu akafanana Camillery.

Uye zvakadaro, nekuda kwemunyori akafanana Maurice de GiovanniIko kuravira kwemabhuku ematsotsi kucharamba kuchingoshanda muchikamu charo chekuferefetwa kwemapurisa iyo, pasi pechisimbiso chayo, inochengetedza iwo maitiro evanyori vakuru vemapurisa vehafu yepiri yezana ramakore rechiXNUMX.

Nezve iwo mhedzisiro yekupinda mumatunhu ese ezvematongerwo enyika uye ezvematongerwo enyika kune huwori hunogona kukonzeresa mhosva, de Giovanni anotizivisawo kune avo vechifitikisi vatano iyo nhoroondo mushure mekufungidzira inotiratidza neiyo yepasi pasi iyo chokwadi chinotsigirwa. Anenge nguva dzose aine danho reNaples, guta rizere nemazango akawanda senge ngano uye nhoroondo yevatema.

Nzvimbo dzakagovaniswa munzvimbo dzese dzemagariro umo vavariro, zvishuwo, chishuwo chechero chikamu chemasimba uye vatengesi vanorangana kupedzisira vabuda nguva nenguva nemutoro wavo wekufananidza zvisina tsarukano nezvakanyorwa izvo zvinombopota zvichitora nhau.

Haasi ese ake enhau kugadzirwa asvika nyika yedu. Asi imwe neimwe yenyaya nyowani dzinosvika dzinomusimbisa semunyori akakosha wevanoda mapurisa neyakaomeswa kuravira iyo inomutsa manzwiro akasimba.