Kana zvonongedzerwa kuti chimurenga chichava chikadzi kana kwete, chimiro che Hannah Arendt Inomira nekusimba kwebasa rakakosha. Kunyanya kutiisa mune ramangwana rezana ramakore rechi20, paradigm yesimba rakaipa rekushandura rehudzvinyiriri kune chero nguva yeramangwana. Kunyanya ikozvino kuti tinozviwana tanyura mukudyidzana kwepasirese kusinganyatso kuoneka semhinduro kune chero huipi ...
Zvirokwazvo, pane chero imwe nguva Arendt angadai akazvipa kune uzivi. Asi zvinowirirana zvinopedzisira zvichinongedzera kune zvakakonzeresa kana mumwe munhu saHana akaenda pachinangwa chebhaibheri rake. Raibhurari huru yakazopedzisira yapfupikisa huzivi nezvematongerwo enyika zvacho. Kana zvirinani semitsetse yakafanana yebasa risingafe.
Kutevera nzira ye Thomas mann uyo akanga atochema kubva kuUnited States achipikisa Nazism kubva pakutapwa kwake muna 1940, Hannah Arendt akakwanisa kusvika kuNew York achitambudzwa kaviri semuJudha uye semuzivi wepfungwa anokura. Agara munyika itsva inosunungura yevaJudha vakawanda, Hannah Arendt akanyora mabasa ake makuru ose pakati pema50s ne60s.
Hana Arendt Wepamusoro 3 Anokurudzirwa Mabhuku
Rusununguko rwekusununguka
Kufungira kwekusiyana kunogara kuripo. Pfungwa yekuti simba rekusarudza riri kuramba richimanikidza kwatiri ndeyechokwadi yakavanzwa semafungiro, kune rumwe rutivi, zvakare anodikanwa kuti mugare murunyararo. Asi ndeyekuti rusununguko runobatawo zvimwe zvinhu zvakawanda kupfuura zvehunhu hwega hwatinoedza ...
Chii chinonzi rusununguko uye zvinorevei kwatiri? Inongova chete nekushayikwa kwekutya uye kurambidzwa, kana zvinorevawo kutora chikamu mumagariro mashandiro, nezwi rako rezvematongerwo enyika, kunzwikwa, kuzivikanwa uye pakupedzisira kurangarirwa nevamwe?
Rakaburitswa muUnited States mumakore makumi matanhatu asi risina kuburitswa kusvika nhasi muchiSpanish -uye muchiGerman-, rondedzero iyi inoratidza kuomarara uye simba repfungwa yezvematongerwo enyika yaHannah Arendt uye inodzikamisa nemazvo uye nekugona kwake kufunga nezve rusununguko, rwehukuru hwakadzika uye kugona kubatana nenzira inoshamisa nematambudziko uye njodzi dzenguva yedu.
Arendt anoteedzera kusimukira kwenhoroondo yepfungwa yerusununguko, kunyanya tichifunga nezvekuchinja kweFrance neAmerica. Nepo yekutanga yaive shanduko muNhoroondo, asi yakapera munjodzi, imwe yacho yakakunda kukunda, asi yakaramba iri nyaya yenzvimbo. Kufunga zvakare pfungwa yekuchinja kwave kwakakosha nhasi, uye kusanganazve uku naHannah Arendt kunomiririra fungidziro inodiwa kuzvizvarwa zvitsva.
Eichmann muJerusarema
Zvakadiniko neruramisiro apo kutya kunotonga? Akakotama mumimvuri yezvakasara zvehunhu kana kushandurwa kuita pfupiso miedzo apo rufu ndiwo wega mutongo. Kuwanazve kutenda kururamisiro hakusi nyore kana iko kwakanyangarika kwenguva yakareba uye vazhinji vanyajambwa kuburikidza.
Mushure mekutongwa kwakaitwa muna 1961 kupokana naAdolf Eichmann, lieutenant colonel weSS uye mumwe wevapari vemhosva vakanyanya munhoroondo, Hannah Arendt anoongorora mune ino rondedzero zvikonzero zvakakonzera kuurayiwa kweHolocaust uye nebasa rakaenzana ravakatamba mukuuraya rudzi kwakadaro. Makanzuru echiJuda - nyaya iyo, panguva yayo, yaive nyaya yemakakatanwa akatsamwa - pamwe nehunhu uye mashandiro eruramisiro, chimwe chinhu chinomutungamira kukwidza kudiwa kwekuisa dare repasi rose rinokwanisa kuyedza mhosva dzakanangana nevanhu .
Zvishoma nezvishoma, maziso anodakadza uye anopinza aArendt anofumura hunhu hwemunhu akapomerwa, anoongorora mamiriro ake ezvematongerwo enyika nezvehukasha hwake husinga tsanangurike pakuronga kudzingwa nekuparadzwa kwenzanga dzevaJuda. Panguva imwecheteyo, muzivi weGerman anodzidza kubatana kana kupokana mukushandisa kweFinal Solution nedzimwe nyika dzinogara uye anofumura matambudziko ane kukosha kwakaramba kuchitsvaga mamiriro ezvematongerwo enyika nhasi.
Anopfuura makore makumi mashanu mushure mekuburitswa kwayo, Eichmann muJerusarema Icho chinoramba chiri chimwe chedzidzo dzakanakisa paHolocaust, chinyorwa chisingakwanise kumisikidzwa kuti tinzwisise yaive chokwadi dambudziko guru rezana ramakore rechiXNUMX.
Kwakatangira hudzvanyiriri
Dzimwe nguva, tichiongorora nhoroondo, zvinoita sekunge hutongi hwesimba hwakaiswa pasirese pane dzimwe nguva, zvinoita sekunge "vanhu" vari kutsvaga ruoko rwakasimba rwakabata uye rwunoita rima rakanyanya kukunda kutya nguva yakaipa . Kupokana kwemunhu kunoguma kunongedzera kune iyo pfungwa.
MuMavambo ehutongi hwehudzvanyiriri Hannah Arendt anofumura pasi pezvaiitika munhoroondo yeEuropean iyo yakagadzirira kuuya kwechiitiko chehudzvanyiriri uye inoratidza masisitimu, pfungwa uye maitiro ehutongi hwaStalinist naHitler.
Chikamu chekutanga -Antisemitism- chakatsaurirwa kusimuka nekuwedzera mukati mezana ramakore rechi1914 remafungiro ayo anozopedzisira ave chinongedzo chebato reNazi, nepo chechipiri -Imperialism- ichiongorora maitiro uye hunhu hwehumambo hweEuropean kubva kumagumo XNUMXth century. XNUMXth century kusvika Hondo Huru yaXNUMX, uye yechitatu -Totalitarianism- yakatsaurirwa kuongororwa kwehutongi hweNazi neSoviet kwete se "kuwedzera kwehutongi hweudzvanyiriri", asi maererano ne "yavo yakasarudzika nhoroondo nhoroondo", sekutsanangura kunoita Salvador Giner musumo yake kuchinyorwa chino muchikamu cheiyi yakasarudzika yefilosofi yezvematongerwo enyika.
