Pali mtundu wa mabuku omwe amafunikira chidwi chapadera. Komanso sizikunditsimikizira zolemba zachikazi chifukwa zimamveka ngati zosakhazikika, nthawi zina pomwe azimayi amaphatikizidwa ndi kuwerenga kosavuta. Nanga za Carmen santoskapena Maria Chifukwa o Luz Gabas (onse oyimira mtundu wina wankhani) ndi a Kukondana kwamankhwala komwe kumawaza chilichonse, kuchokera kuzokonda ndi zopweteka mpaka ku costumbrismo yowala kwambiri ndi mithunzi yake yodziwika. Koma nthawi zonse kuyang'ana zonse kuchitapo kanthu mwachangu komwe kumadzutsa kusiyanasiyana komanso komwe kumakhudza zamtsogolo mwa otchulidwa pangozi zosayembekezereka.
Kufotokozera ku Carmen Santos za zomwe zachitikazo ndizodziwika bwino kuposa za olemba ena omwe atchulidwa. Chifukwa otchulidwa m'mbali mwake, m'mbuyomu, zinsinsi zomwe zimayika kukayika pakukula kwa zochitikazo. Ndipo chifukwa amadziwa kufotokozera, momwe amakhalira nthawi zonse, zambiri zomwe zimagwirizana bwino ndi zokumana nazo. Kulinganiza bwino pakati pa zopeka komanso zolemba zakale zomwe zimatha kutengedwa kuchokera pachithunzi chakale cha sepia kapena chithunzi chochititsa chidwi cha iwo omwe akuwoneka kuti ayimitsidwa kanthawi.
Pali kale mabuku angapo omwe amapangitsa Carmen Santos kutchula za mbiri yakale-yachikondi pomwe mawu achikondi amakhala ndi tanthauzo lalikulu, ndi tanthauzo lake loyambirira pokhudzana ndi namondwe amene akukwera mizimu chifukwa cha zilakolako, zokhumba kapena china chilichonse champhamvu ma injini omwe amatisuntha tonse.
Mabuku atatu apamwamba omwe a Carmen Santos adalimbikitsa
Maluwa a Arrabal
Zinali zovuta kukhala ndi ngwazi za akazi m'nthawi ya amayi anga. Chifukwa chakuti maumboni achikazi omwe anali okwezeka anali zithunzi za kukongola ndi zowoneka kugonjera monga momwe zilili zofunika kwambiri. Koma mkati mwa amayi omwe adapeza zosangalatsa ndi kuthawa muzojambula, mbali zina zambiri zinatsirizika zomwe zimasonyeza kumasulidwa komwe kunabwera chifukwa cha iwo ndi kulimba mtima kwawo pophwanya malamulo omwe amawalepheretsa kukhala. kwathunthu iwo. Zomwe Flor akutiphunzitsa m'nkhani ino, nkhani yake.
Kudera laku Zaragoza komwe amakhala, ndi ochepa omwe amaganiza kuti Flor, msungwana yemwe adabadwira munyumba yanyumba kwambiri, amayenera kukhala m'modzi mwa anthu odziwika bwino, woyamba ku Spain kenako ku Europe konse. Njira yovuta, yodzazidwa ndi mayesero ovuta, omwe amatsogolera koyamba ku Madrid ndipo, kenako, ku Barcelona, ​​Paris, Berlin ndi Cuba yakutali.
Pa ntchito yake yonse yofuna kuchita bwino, Flor amapeza chikondi, zokhumudwitsa, ubwenzi, mantha, komanso kutengeka mtima. Ndipo nthawi yomweyo, moyo wake wamizidwa muzochitika zokhumudwitsa zazaka zoyambirira za XNUMXth century, zaka zodziwika ndi kuwukira kwa anarchist, kukwera kwa fascism komanso mantha a nkhondo. Yolembedwa ndi chidwi ndi kutulutsa kwa ofotokoza nkhani zazikulu, Maluwa a Arrabal imatiuza nkhani ya mayi wolimba mtima wachikondi, komanso chithunzi chosangalatsa cha Europe yamphamvu komanso yovuta.
Maloto a Antilles
Imodzi mwamabuku omwe atsamunda aku Spain amakopeka ndi mfundo yokhumbira dziko lapansi lomwe latsala pang'ono kuthetsa njira zokhalira limodzi pakati pa madera ndi mizinda yakale yachifumu yomwe yasokonekera. Panatsala pang'ono "kukankha" ndale masiku amenewo. Zomangira zokha za ubale wa anthu zidalemba masamba odekha a decadence ndi zilembo zatsopano zamtsogolo kumbali zonse za Atlantic.
1858. Valentina atanyamuka ku Spain kupita koloni yaku Cuba munjira yachitatu, anali ndi mwamuna wachichepere pambali pake ndipo anali ndi mtima wonyenga. Atafika pachilumbachi, maloto ake adasokonekera: Mwamuna wake wamwalira paulendo wotopetsa ndipo malowo, mwadzidzidzi, awululidwa ngati malo ankhanza.
Tomás Mendoza yekha, dokotala wokongola yemwe anali kuyenda paulendo womwewo, amayesetsa kumuthandiza pomufunsira. Koma Valentina amamukana chifukwa chonyada, osafuna kumumvera chisoni, ngakhale zitakhala kuti ayenera kugulitsa thupi lake ku malo achigololo ooneka bwino aku Caribbean. Zomwe sakukayikira ndikuti pali amuna omwe sakukhutitsidwa ndi chilakolako chogulidwa kwa maola ochepa ndikuti ena, monga olemera komanso owoneka bwino Leopoldo Bazán, amabisala nkhanza zoyipa kwambiri panjira zawo zachinyengo.
Ndikulimba mtima komanso kolimba mtima kwa olemba mabuku otchuka, Carmen Santos waluka nkhani yosaiwalika yomwe ili ndi saga zambiri zabwino. Kuyambira m'misewu ya Havana kupita ku malo achigololo ndipo kuchokera kumeneko kupita kumaholo okongoletsa a anthu ambiri pachilumbachi, opindulitsa kwambiri osaganizirika ndikulima nzimbe, Maloto a Antilles imalongosola nkhani ya mayi wofunitsitsa kuyang'anira moyo wake ndikukonzekera tsogolo lake.
Munda pakati pa minda yamphesa
Oenological ndichikhalidwe chamakolo komwe mabuku apadera amapangidwa lero. Chifukwa komwe timadziyesanso tokha kufunafuna zonunkhira, pamapeto pake timakopeka ndikulakalaka. Minda yamphesa imakhala ndi zinsinsi za zokolola zomwe zikubwera. Ndipo aperekanso zofunikira zawo, zabwino kapena zochepa komanso munthawi yake, malinga ndi khama, chisamaliro ndi momwe zitha kusintha chilichonse kapena kuwononga.
Cariñena, 1927. Pa imfa ya abambo ake, yemwe anachita ngozi yodabwitsa, a Rodolfo Montero ayenera kubwerera kuchokera ku Paris kuti akachite bizinesi yabanja la vinyo. Ali ndi mkazi wake wachichepere komanso wokongola, Solange, yemwe adakumana naye ku likulu la France.
Mkhalidwe wabwino wa ku Paris, wokhala ndi ojambula komanso olemba, wapatsa Rodolfo chidziwitso chapadera komanso nthawi yosangalatsa yodzaza ndi kutentha. M'mayiko a Aragonese, kuzizira kukukulira ndikulowa m'mawindo a Casa de la Loma, nyumba yachifumu ku Montero yomwe tsopano yawululidwa pamaso pa banja losangalala ngati nyumba yosangalatsa yomwe ayenera kugawana ndi Dionisio, mchimwene wa a Rodolfo . Monga kuti sizinali zokwanira, kampaniyo yatsala pang'ono kuwonongeka, mikangano yakale ya anthu imadzukanso mwamphamvu ndipo miseche yonena za mtsikana wokongola waku France siyidikira.
Atakhumudwitsidwa ndikusintha ndikulephera kuzolowera moyo wake watsopanowu, Solange ayamba kumva chisoni ndi mlamu wake, munthu wovutika yemwe akusowa chosowa kuti abwezeretse moyo wake. Pakadali pano, a Rodolfo, akuyembekezera bizinesi komanso osasamala pazinsinsi zina zakale zomwe zimafuna kubwerera, sazindikira kuti chikondi, monga mipesa, chiyenera kusamaliridwa kuti chikhalebe.
