Is Ă© an Enlightenment a bhfuil sĂ©. Mar thoradh ar bhraisle imthosca idir tĂĄimhe Ă©abhlĂłideach, dul chun cinn eolaĂoch, imnĂ shĂłisialta mhĂ©adaithe agus comhtharlĂș na smaointeoirĂ mĂłra, bhunaigh an 18Ăș haois mar lĂ©im i dtreo shaothrĂș na daonnachta faoi splendour na hintleachta agus na cĂșise.
Y Voltaire BhĂ sĂ© ar cheann de na hionadaithe is aitheanta den athbheochan daonnĂșil seo gur chuir sĂ© muinĂn i idirleathadh an chultĂșir, ina raon feidhme agus ina macalla nĂos mĂł, mar fhĂ©idearthachtaĂ mĂłra i dtreo domhan nĂos fearr a thĂłgĂĄil.
Is fĂ©idir a mheas, i bhfianaise na n-iarmhairtĂ (gurb iad na naimhde is measa sa chine daonna na daoine is eolaĂ i go leor cĂĄsanna), go bhfĂ©adfadh sĂ© a bheith naive nĂł fiĂș dea-natured. Ach bhĂ an mĂ©id a tharla go dtĂ sin nĂos measa fĂłs. Mar sin is cosĂșil go bhfuil gĂĄ leis an gcĂ©im chun tosaigh sa chiclipĂ©id uilĂoch sin ar bhealach ar bith (ar a laghad bhĂ sĂ© riachtanach iarracht a dhĂ©anamh teacht amach as na scĂĄthanna atĂĄ fĂłs crochta os cionn na gcoinsiasa coitianta).
Ach taobh amuigh den iarmhairt stairiĂșil Ă©ifeachtach, bhĂ Voltarie ina scrĂbhneoir freisin, is dĂłcha an duine leis an iarmhairt is mĂł ina fhĂ©ith ficsin i measc na Rousseau (a roinneann Voltaire bliain an bhĂĄis leis), Diderot o montesquie, dhĂrigh gach duine acu nĂos mĂł ar an tasc crua a bhaineann le scaipeadh nĂł fealsĂșnacht i dtreo na breithe is mĂł ar domhan.
Sea go deimhin. NĂ bhfaighimid fantaisĂochtaĂ mĂłra ina ĂșrscĂ©alta nĂł ina scĂ©alta ach ina ĂĄit sin tograĂ idĂ©-eolaĂocha iomadĂșla a sheirbheĂĄiltear trĂ charachtair a bhfuil rĂ©amhshocruithe tarchĂ©imnitheacha acu, leis an marc existentialist a fhĂĄgann go mbogann sĂ© ag whim Ășdar a thugann aghaidh air leis na hiarmhairtĂ is troime a bhaineann leis an âduineâ amhĂĄin. Ach tĂĄ an grĂĄsta dĂrithe ar seo ar fad le pointe eachtraĂochta, ar greann Dante Ă© uaireanta.
Agus is Ă© sin go beacht an fĂĄth go bhfuil sĂ© suimiĂșil dul i mbun ficsean Voltaire. ĂirĂonn a smaointeoireacht nĂos cineĂĄlta idir an gnĂomh agus faoin smaoineamh sin chuaigh sĂ© i gcion ar go leor scĂ©alta ...
Na 3 leabhar is fearr a mhol Voltaire
IarrthĂłir nĂł dĂłchas
Gan dabht is Ă© seo an saothar a lĂ©irĂonn, a bheag nĂł a mhĂłr, ionsar iomlĂĄn liteartha ag an Ășdar. EachtraĂ agus misadventures, greann a scarann ââĂł am go chĂ©ile idir pessimism faoi oidhreacht an duine go dtĂ aimsir Voltaire.
Ina athbhreithniĂș fairsing arbh fhearr leis Ă©abhlĂłid chosmos na gcarachtar, tĂ©imid trĂ mhĂłrimeachtaĂ Eorpacha na huaire. DĂ©anann Candido pearsanĂș ar uacht, ar mhuinĂn an duine.
TĂĄ an rĂ©altacht ghĂ©ar ar lasadh os a chionn, cosĂșil le tĂĄstĂĄil chreidimh ina aghaidh a mbĂonn a Ă©adĂłchas i gcĂłnaĂ faoi chuimilt arĂs le hiontas agus le buanseasmhacht. I measc na ngnĂ©ithe tragĂłideacha mĂłra dĂĄr sibhialtacht, is Ă© Candide an solas riachtanach sin as a fhĂ©adfar domhan tumtha i ndorchadas a chruthaithe choigiltĂ a athadhaint.
Ceisteanna Zapata
CrĂochnaĂonn lĂ©iriĂș fealsĂșnachta a thagann as guth carachtar a chuireann in iĂșl Ă© fĂ©in i rĂșn a bheith ina rĂșn insinte. De ghnĂĄth dĂ©antar amhras faoi charachtar a cheilt mar vĂ©arsaĂ.
NĂos mĂł fĂłs nĂĄ sin don smaoineamh go mbeadh leabhrĂĄn chomh hĂ©adrom leis an gceann seo. Ach ar ndĂłigh, i gcĂĄs Voltaire, le ceann de na saothair is fairsinge de chuid na hEagnaĂochta, an t-amhras a chuireann Zapata i lĂĄthair ar bhealach gonta, brĂ©aga mĂłra reiligiĂșin a chrĂochnaĂonn, i bhfianaise na gcur chuige is bunĂșsaĂ. ag scor de sheasamh.
Treatise ar lamhĂĄltas
Agus roimh an nguth gairid a ardaĂonn Ăł Zapata a chuireann ceisteanna gan freagraĂ a fhĂĄil, feicimid go bhfuil an obair nĂos daingne seo anois agus is cosĂșil go bhfuil duĂĄn seolta Ăłn Zapata sin atĂĄ lĂĄn dâĂ©iginnteachtaĂ. Toisc anseo tĂĄ rudaĂ soilĂ©ir.
Is Ă© Jean Calas, an ProtastĂșnach, Zapata anois. BâfhĂ©idir gur fear eile a bhĂ luchtaithe le ceisteanna agus nĂĄrbh Ă© a fhorghnĂomhĂș achomair an t-aon fhreagra a bhĂ aige. Ach Ăłna lĂ©iriĂș ĂocĂłnach, chrĂochnaigh Voltaire ag cumadh an chonartha seo a thĂ©ann i gcoinne creidimh a bhĂ ag tosĂș ag an am sin mar cheann de na chĂ©ad fhoinsĂ dâeasnaimh uile an chine dhaonna.