Kulolo hlobo lokufana lapho izincwadi ezinakho kubabhali abathile, UManuel Chaves Nogales Usinikeza ama-brushstroke ahlukene kakhulu, izindlela ezihlukene eziqhubeka nomsebenzi kayise wobuntatheli noma asevele ethatha izindiza ezintsha kulolo hambo noma izincwadi zomlando womuntu osiza ngokwengxenye ukukhanyiselwa ngenganekwane noma umcabango okungenani.
Isikhathi ngasinye sihlala sithola umxoxi ozinikele kumbangela yomlando. Inhlanhla ukuthi lokhu kuqanjwa phakathi kwentatheli kanye nomlando kungathathwa enganekwaneni ngokusebenzisa amanoveli angokoqobo (ake sicaphune, kunjalo, UBenito Pérez Galdós) noma ngalolo hlobo lokukhuluma wedwa okuwumlando wokuphila komuntu, okunemikhawulo yempilo eyenziwa njengoba yayiqhubeka zikhathi zonke ukuze iphumelele noma okungenani iphile phakathi kwezimo zezenhlalo nezokuziphatha ezithintekayo.
Kukho konke lokhu, u-Chaves Nogales namuhla usaqhubeka nokuba yisithenjwa esicatshangelwa kakhulu sokuhlola amaqiniso ngalokho kukhanya okusha nokudingekile kwe-intrahistorical embonweni wayo oqine kakhulu futhi ophelele.
Izincwadi ezi-3 eziphezulu ezinconyiwe ngu-Manuel Chaves Nogales
Egazini nasemlilweni: Amaqhawe, izilo kanye nabafel 'ukholo baseSpain
Akufani nokubhala amanoveli akhuluma ngempi yombango kulezi zinsuku kunokuwaqamba kabusha ngokuhlangenwe nakho okuqondile. Futhi akukhona ukuthi umbhali wamanje akakwazi ukudlulisa imizwa yangalezo zinsuku, kungumbono womfundi owaziyo ukuthi okuxoxwayo kulethwa ngokuqondile kulezo zinsuku njengendaba embi.
Izindaba eziyisishiyagalolunye ezakha le ncwadi zibhekwa abaningi njengezingcono kakhulu ezilotshwe eSpain ngempi yethu yombango. Yabhalwa phakathi kuka-1936 no-1937 futhi yanyatheliswa eChile ngo-1937, iveza izenzakalo ezihlukahlukene zempi uChaves Nogales ayezazi ngokuqondile: “Isiqephu sayo ngasinye sikhishwe ngokwethembeka esenzakalweni sangempela; ngalinye lamaqhawe akhe linobukhona bangempela kanye nobuntu bangempela ”, uzosho esanduleleni.
"I-Little liberal bourgeois, isakhamuzi se-republic yentando yeningi nephalamende," u-Chaves wayengomunye wababhali nezintatheli zaseSpain ezibaluleke kakhulu zengxenye yokuqala yekhulu lamashumi amabili. Njengomhleli wephephandaba Manje Wahlala eMadrid kusukela ekuqaleni kwempi kwaze kwaba sekupheleni kuka-1936, lapho uhulumeni weRiphabhulikhi ethuthela eValencia futhi wanquma ukuya ekudingisweni.
Ubumbano nozwelo kulabo abahlupheka mathupha ngenxa yokwesabeka kwempi kuvumela u-Chaves ukuthi abone izehlakalo zempi ngokulingana okumangazayo nangokucacile. Egazini nasemlilweni Akungabazeki ukuthi ingenye yezindaba ezihlakaniphe kakhulu futhi ezigcwele impilo yazo zonke eziye zabhalwa ngalesi sikhathi; uhlobo lwangempela lwezincwadi zesiSpanishi.
UJuan Belmonte, umlweli wezinkunzi
Ukulwa nezinkunzi yebo noma ukulwa nezinkunzi cha. Okungangabazeki ukuthi umhlaba wezinkunzi ezilwayo wenza indawo eyingqayizivele emlandweni waseSpain. Ubuciko kwabanye, into embi kwabanye. Ngokungangabazeki umsebenzi ocetshiswe ngolimi lwayo, onamazwi aqondwa izimbongi nababhali abaningi. Futhi ngaphezu kwabo bonke abalingiswa nemicimbi lapho kuxoxwa futhi kuqondwe okuningi kwe-idiosyncrasy yesi-Spanish yakudala.
Ekupheleni kuka-1935, u-Manuel Chaves Nogales (1897-1944) wanikeza ifomu elimangalisayo nelihlala njalo elithi "Juan Belmonte, matador de toros", ezinkumbulo zika-Trianero okhaliphile owaguqula ubuciko bakudala bokulwa nezinkunzi eminyakeni engamashumi amabili ngaphambili. Wazalwa ngo-1892, ubuntwana bomlweli wezinkunzi buphawulwa yisimo sezulu sezindawo ezidumile zaseSeville, kanye nobusha bakhe, ngokulangazelela udumo nenjongo yokulingisa izimanga zikaFrascuelo no-Esparto.
Imfihlo yokulwa kwakhe nezinkunzi ingalandelelwa eminyakeni yakhe enzima yokufunda, ekudwebeni kwakhe ebusuku nokucashile ezicingweni nasemadlelweni. Kusukela ngo-1913 -usuku lokukhetha kwakhe okunye- futhi kuze kube ngu-1920 -lapho u-Joselito eshona e-Talavera- umlando wakhe uhlala ugxile embangweni oshisa kakhulu emlandweni wokulwa nezinkunzi: yonke iSpain i-gallista noma i-belmontista. Esethathe umhlalaphansi ngo-1936, uJuan Belmonte, ukufa kwakhe esihlabathini kwakuprofethwe yibo bonke ochwepheshe, wafa eneminyaka engu-70, engumnikazi wekusasa lakhe.
UMfundisi uJuan Martínez owayelapho
U-Chaves Nogales wayenalelo liso lomtholampilo le-biographies ekwazi ukuba izindaba phakathi kwe-epic kanye ne-existentialist. Le ndaba iwukuhumusha kwakhe okuphawuleka kakhulu ukusuka kweyomlando kuye kweyasemhlabeni wonke.
Ngemva kokunqoba kuma-cabarets engxenye yeYurophu, umdansi we-flamenco uJuan Martínez, nozakwabo, uSole, bamangala eRussia ngezenzakalo zokuvukela umbuso zikaFebruary 1917. Ngaphandle kokukwazi ukulishiya izwe, eSaint Petersburg, eMoscow naseKiev bahlupheka. ubunzima obabangelwa iNguquko ka-October kanye nempi yombango echitha igazi eyalandela.
Intatheli enkulu yaseSevillian uManuel Chaves Nogales wahlangana noMartínez eParis futhi, emangazwe yizigameko amtshela zona, wanquma ukuziqoqa encwadini. UJuan Martinez ungumbungazi ovelele lokho okwakukhona kugcina umfutho, ukunotha kanye nobuntu indaba okufanele ibe nayo uChaves owamjabulisa kakhulu.
Eqinisweni, iyinoveli elandisa ngokuguquguquka lapho abalingiswa bayo behlelwa khona nokuthi bakwazi kanjani ukuphila. Amaciko angosaziwayo, izikhulu zaseRussia ezinobukhazikhazi, izinhloli zaseJalimane, oshekhasi ababulalayo nabaqageli bezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene bayabukisa emakhasini ayo.
Uzakwabo wesizukulwane sikaCamba, uRuano noma uPla, uChaves wayengowohlu lwezintatheli ezihlakaniphile okwathi ngeminyaka yawo-30s, zahambela izindawo eziningi phesheya, zinikeza amakhasi angcono kakhulu wobuntatheli baseSpain besikhathi sonke.
