Izincwadi ezi-3 ezihamba phambili zika-Emilia Pardo Bazán

Phakathi kwekhulu le-XNUMX nele-XNUMX, ababhali ababili baseGalician baqoqa ukuqashelwa okudingekayo kowesifazane emkhakheni wezwe U-Emilia Pardo Bazán, engimkhulisayo namuhla noRosalía de Castro, engizokhuluma ngaye ngelinye ilanga kule ndawo efanayo.

Izinyathelo ezincane zokulingana kwezenhlalo ezidingekayo bezilokhu ziqala kusukela kumikhakha yamasiko ngisho nangaphambi kwezepolitiki, noma mhlawumbe okwangaphambili njengenjini yalokhu okulandelayo. Ngaphandle kwalowo nembeza wezenhlalo osuselwe ekulinganeni okusobala kokudala nokuqonda, ukuqashelwa kancane kancane akunakwenzeka.

Futhi kuyiqiniso ukuthi kuleyo minyaka konke kwakusalokhu kwenziwe ukwenziwa kokulingana okusebenzayo ezicini eziningi. Kodwa indlela yaqala ukudonselwa emkhathizwe ngenxa yababhali abanjengoEmilia.

Ngale kwalesi sigaba esidingekayo nesincane somlando, ukukhuluma ngo-Emilia Pardo Bazán namuhla ukubheka umbhali wezifundiswa, ovuselelwe ngemisinga emisha yezemvelo yaseYurophu futhi owaphula (noma kunalokho wagcwaliswa, ngoba ubuciko kufanele buqondwe njalo njengesibalo semibono ) ukubukwa kokulandisa kwangaphambilini kothando lukaRosalía de Castro owayengaphambi kwakhe.

Kuyiqiniso ukuthi i-tandem ayiqambe nayo UBenito Pérez Galdos, njalo kubhekwe maphakathi nendawo phakathi kwemibhalo kanye nothando, okuthelayo kuzo zombili izingxenye kuma-synergies wesakhiwo lapho kwesinye isikhathi u-Emilia Pardo Bazán nabanye uPérez Galdós, baqala ukwenza imisebenzi emisha yokubhala ngalelo phuzu leqiniso elilinganise umlando noma imikhuba ezinhlakeni ezihluke kakhulu zenhlalo, kusukela ekuziphatheni kwayo okuhloniphekile kuya esigabeni sabasebenzi esivele njengeqiniso elikhulayo eSpain.

Umsebenzi wakhe wokubhala wayengagxili kuphela kule noveli. Umbhali ovelele waseSpain wekhulu le-XNUMX nele-XNUMX naye wasebenza njengentatheli, umlobi wezindaba, umgxeki, imbongi, kepha futhi wabhala nezeshashalazi, wahumusha, wahlela izincwadi futhi wabambisana ekuqinisekiseni ubufazi ngokusebenzisa amasiko.

Izincwadi ezintathu ezinconyiwe ngu-Emilia Pardo Bazán

I-pazos de Ulloa

I-Naturalism yebo, kepha ivumelaniswe neqiniso leSpain ebelisadinga ukubheka ubuqiniso obugcwele ukubheka leyo misinga emisha ezwakala njengama-echoes avela eFrance eyakhelene nayo.

Futhi le noveli ukuthi, i-toast nge Zola kusuka eningizimu yePyrenees, ukucatshangelwa kwezinkomba ezintsha zokubhalwa kwezincwadi ezinothando lomzwelo kodwa ngokubuyekezwa kokucabanga kwenhlonipho.

Vele, inoveli eyiqiniso enjengale ikhawulelwe yizimo ezithile zendawo yayo. Ngoba ama-pazos aseGalician ka-1886 ayecabanga ukuthi yi-idiosyncrasy yawo ngaphakathi kwe-caciquil ideology, inkohliso yezinkazimulo zakudala kanye nokuwohloka kwangempela kombuso waseSpain ekopha okungapheli.

Futhi kulapho sihlangana khona nabalingiswa abanzima njengalawo mazwe, ngezinye izikhathi kumnyama njengesibhakabhaka somthofu futhi kuvezwe isibuko esiphakathi kwedolobha nesemakhaya okubonakala kugcina kukhombisa imihlaba ehlukene.

Ukuqothulwa

Owesifazane, onesibindi sokubhala ngokulandela ukuthi yiziphi izindaba ezingaba nobungozi obukhulu bokungacabangi nokwaliwa. Inkululeko yomcabango nokuvezwa kwayo bekuhlale kuyizinto ezingqubuzanayo zomlando, kepha esimweni sabesifazane inkinga yaphakanyiselwa kumandla we-nth.

Ngokushesha nje lapho uzicwilisa kule noveli, ucabanga ngesingeniso senduku ephindwe kabili phakathi kowesilisa nowesifazane maqondana nokusondela ocansini kuyathakazelisa, uyasiqonda isizathu salo mzamo wokwenqaba.

Uma, ngokungeziwe, owesifazane ozishaya ozokhuluma ngocansi aqedelwa ngezigcawu ezizungezile mayelana nezinkanuko nothando oluqondile, lolu daba lusengasondela ehlazweni lokuziphatha.

Kodwa-ke, namuhla, le noveli iba ubufakazi besifazane ezimweni ezisondelene kakhulu ngasekupheleni kwekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalolunye. Ngakho-ke, inoveli enconywe kakhulu mayelana nokuthile okungumuntu njengoba ingcwatshwe ngokombono wabesifazane ngaleso sikhathi.

Imvelo kamama

Ubufakazi obuhle kakhulu bokuthi u-Emilia Pardo Bazán wayengeke avume ukwesatshiswa ngabagxeki balokhu kucwiliswa kwezemvelo kanye neqiniso elisobala lezwe lethu yilokhu kuqhubeka kwenoveli kweLos pazos de Ulloa.

Le ndaba ilandela ezinyathelweni zikaJulián, zigcinwe njengesixhumanisi phakathi kwamanoveli amabili ngaphansi kwesimo sakhe sompristi wesifunda futhi kuye umhlahlandlela wokuziphatha wokuhlaselwa kwabantu okungenzeka kube khona.

Ukuvela kukaGabriel Pardo kusekela isenzo esizinikele enhlosweni efanayo engokoqobo yengxenye yokuqala, egxile ku-cruder futhi kwesinye isikhathi iphazamisa ubudlelwane babantu.