Kuthiwani UNabokov Besivele sikhangisiwe njengothando oluhle nezincwadi ezinikezwe lula ngolimi. IsiNgisi, isiFulentshi nesiRashiya kwakuyizilimi ayehamba ngazo ngokuthembeka okulinganayo. Vele, kusukela ekuzalweni okuhle kulula ukufunda izilimi ezahlukahlukene ... Kepha woza, abanye banolimi lwebele bayasizwa ...
Umsebenzi kaNabokov wokulandisa nawo ungumbhalo ohlukahlukene ongahluka ukusuka ohlangothini olunochuku kakhulu nolunempikiswano kuya ekuphakamiseni okukhulu kweziphakamiso. Amandla noma inhloso ecishe ibe ngobuciko yemibhalo, lapho kufunwa khona imizwa enamandla, umthelela wesithombe, injabulo yolimi njengentambo yokudlulisa ebhekise kuhlobo oluthile lokuthakaselwa kwemibhalo.
Yingakho uNabokov engakaze ashiye engenandaba. Noma kubhekwa ukukhiqizwa kwakhe kwemibhalo maphakathi nekhulu lamashumi amabili kusacwiliswa, ngezinga elikhulu, ezindinganisweni zokuziphatha ezinganyakazi. Okungenani kuma-echelon aphezulu abesafuna ukusika wonke amaphethini wezenhlalo.
Enkambisweni yakhe yokufundisa, uNabokov kumele ukuthi wayeyilowo thisha ongenanhlonipho, njengalowo osemabhayisikobho I-Club of Dead Poets. Futhi njengoba ezwakalisa indlela yakhe yokubona izincwadi emakilasini noma ezinkomfeni, wagcina ngokwakha wahlanganisa incwadi yakhe ngayinye.
Ngakho-ke uhambo oluphakathi kwamakhasi abhalwe nguNabokov lungaba ngumuzwa omnandi noma omncane. Kepha ukungabi nandaba akusoze kwaba yinothi lokugcina ongalikhipha.
Amanoveli anconyiwe nguVladimir Nabokov
lolita
Ethatha ubufakazi kuMarquis de Sade uqobo, uNabokov wethule le noveli ezohlambalaza futhi imangaze wonke umuntu. Ingabe ukuhlanekezela nobumsulwa kungahlangana kubalingiswa abafanayo? Umdlalo wezinto eziphikisanayo zomuntu uyimpikiswano ephelele yanoma imuphi umbhali onesibindi sokuphakamisa indaba edlulele kunoma yisiphi isici.
UNabokov waqunga isibindi, wakhumula isifihla-buso sakhe, waba ngumuntu ongavinjelwe futhi wanikela ngokukhululeka kwimizwa nemizwa ehlukaniswe kakhulu ngesihloko esikhulu sothando ... Mhlawumbe namuhla le noveli ingafundwa ngokwemvelo ngokwengeziwe, kepha ngo-1955 kwaba ukuxubana kokuziphatha.
Indaba efingqiwe: Indaba yokuthambekela kukaHumbert Humbert, uthisha oneminyaka engamashumi amane, kaLolita oneminyaka eyishumi nambili iyinoveli engavamile yothando lapho izingxenye ezimbili eziqhumayo zingenela khona: ukukhanga "okuphambene" kwama-nymphs nokulala nesihlobo.Uhambo lokuhlanya nokufa, olugcina ngodlame olwenziwe ngesitayela esikhulu, lwalandiswa, ngasikhathi sinye ngokuzicika nokulalela okungalawulwa, nguHumbert Humbert uqobo. ILolita futhi iyisithombe esine-asidi nombono waseMelika, izinto ezesabekayo ezisemadolobheni, namasiko epulasitiki nawomotela.
Ngamafuphi, ukubonisa okukhazimulayo kwethalente namahlaya ngumbhali ovumile ukuthi ngabe ubethanda ukuqopha i-pic-nics Lewis Carroll.
Umlilo ophaphathekile
Ngesakhiwo esingenakuchazeka, le noveli isisondeza kunqubo yokwakhiwa kwemibhalo, ngobuhle kakhulu kunasesakhiweni, ngokwengeziwe ekwazini ukuthola izithombe kunokuxazululwa kwefindo elilandisayo. Inoveli eyindida nehlekisayo, isimemo kumandla wokudala esingasikhombisa sonke, uma sizibeka kuso.
Isifinyezo: Umlilo ophaphathekile yethulwa njengohlobo lwenkondlo ende eyabhalwa nguJohn Shade, udumo lwezincwadi zaseMelika, ngaphambi nje kokubulawa kwakhe. Ngempela, le noveli iqukethe inkondlo eshiwo ngenhla, kanye nesandulela, inothi elinamandla kakhulu kanye nenkomba yokuphawula yomhleli, uSolwazi Charles Kinbote. ngokuxhamazela, uKinbote udweba isithombe sokuzijabulisa, lapho egcina ezinikela khona njengomuntu ongabekezeli futhi oqhoshayo, ozimele futhi okhohlakele, umuthi weqiniso noyingozi.
Ngalo mqondo, kungashiwo ukuthi iPálido fuego nayo iyinoveli yozungu, lapho umfundi emenywa ukuthi athathe indima yokuba ngumseshi.
I-Pnin
UProfessor Pnin mhlawumbe ungumqondo wokunqotshwa nokukhathala komuntu wamabomu, wendoda eqalwe ubuciko bokufundisa obuhloniphekile, ize igcine idliwe yi-nihilism kanye ne-inertia edabukisayo engenzi lutho. ubunzima beqiniso, balelo zwe elingasazungezi ngaphansi kwezinyawo zikaPnin, liyamhlukumeza ngokuzimisela ukuzibonakalisa engenakufinyeleleka kuye.
Izitha ezibabayo kakhulu zePnin engenakuchazeka futhi engajabuli yizinto zobuchwepheshe zesimanje: izimoto, izinto zokusebenza kanye neminye imishini, okungenani kuye, engakwenzi kube lula impilo kuye. Futhi nezintshisekelo ezincane kanye nokugxila kozakwabo, iqembu labafundisi abancane abafisa ukuvelela ababeka ukubekezela kwakhe okungenamkhawulo esivivinyweni. Noma odokotela bengqondo lapho unkosikazi wangaphambili ahamba phakathi kwabo, owesifazane ongakaze amthande kodwa ahlala naye engenakuphikiswa futhi ethandana nothando.Ngakho-ke ekugcineni, uPnin ohlekwayo uvela njengomuntu ocishe abe yiqhawe, umuntu ophucukile ophakathi kwempucuko yezimboni, ukuphela kwakhe osagcina insali yesithunzi somuntu.
Lapha uNabokov ugcizelela umhlaba ukuthi yena, njengowokufika kwelinye izwe, kwakudingeka ahlupheke, futhi kuyaqabukela ebonakala ekhululekile, ejabule kakhulu esenzweni sokubhala, ekwazi ukudlulisa ubumnandi okuthi, naphezu kokuzisola, kumnikeze okulula iqiniso lokuthi uyaphila.
Ezinye izincwadi ezithokozisayo zikaNabokov…
Umenywe ekunqunyulweni ikhanda
Ubuphukuphuku bempilo, obutholwe ikakhulukazi kulezo zikhathi lapho ikhethini selizowa. UCincinnatus, indoda elahliwe, ebhekane neqiniso lempilo ayakhile, abalingiswa abamphelezele basondela kuye ngalezo zikhathi zokugcina. Le noveli ingikhumbuza iTruman Show, kuphela ngombono oshintshiwe. Kulokhu, nguCincinnatus kuphela odalula amanga emhlabeni, ngenkathi labo abaseduze kwakhe beqhubeka nokudlala indima yabo ...
Indaba efingqiwe: UCincinnatus C. yisiboshwa esincane esigwetshwe intambo ngecala elingakhulumeki nelingaziwa elizonqunywa ikhanda ngalo. Ngaphakathi esitokisini sakhe esincane, uCincinnatus ulinde umzuzu wokubulawa kwakhe njengokungathi ukuphela kwesiphetho esesabekayo.
Ukuvakashelwa njalo kukamgciniziboshwa, umqondisi wejele, indodakazi yakhe, umakhelwane wakhe esitokisini, intokazi yaseCincinnatus kanye nomndeni wayo ongenangqondo kumane kukhulisa umuzwa we-protagonist wokukhathazeka nokungabi namandla, obona ukuthi isikhathi sakhe siphela kanjani, kanjani isikhathi semidlalo yaseshashalazini enabalingiswa ababonakala bethobela imihlahlandlela ebekwe ngandlela thile enonya futhi edlalayo iyaphela.Umqondo wezinto ezingenangqondo, umdlalo nokungacabangi komhlaba uthola ubukhulu obukhulu ku-Guest kube ikhanda, inoveli ebanga ubuhlungu , yabhalwa ngo-1935.
inkosi, intokazi, valet
“Lesi silwane esivuthayo singemnandi kunawo wonke emanovelini ami,” kusho uNabokov mayelana nethi “King, Lady, Valet,” inhlekisa lapho insizwa engaboni kahle, yesifundazwe, ehlakaniphile, nengenamancoko ingena epharadesi elibandayo lombhangqwana oshadile. KwabaseBerlin abasanda kuceba.
Unkosikazi uyenga osanda kufika futhi amenze isithandwa sakhe. Ngokushesha ngemva kwalokho, wamncenga ukuba azame ukuqeda umyeni wakhe. Lena indlela ebonakala ilula ye-classic kakhulu, mhlawumbe, yamanoveli abhalwe nguNabokov. Kodwa, ngemuva kwalokhu okuyiqiniso okusobala, inkimbinkimbi yezobuchwepheshe ephawulekayo ifihliwe, futhi, ngaphezu kwakho konke, ukwelashwa okukodwa okuphethwe ithoni ye-farce.
Eyanyatheliswa ekuqaleni eBerlin ngasekupheleni kwawo-XNUMX futhi kabanzi kabusha uNabokov ngesikhathi inguqulo yayo ngesiNgisi ngasekupheleni XNUMXs, "Inkosi, Lady, Valet" ikhombisa ithonya elinamandla expressionism German, ikakhulukazi ifilimu , futhi iqukethe imfucuza yangempela emnyama. amahlaya. U-Nabokov uhlambalaza abalingiswa bakhe, abaguqule babe ama-automatons, abahleke kakhulu, abadwebe ngemivimbo ewugqinsi engabavimbi nokho ukuba babe nokuzwakala okunikeza injabulo eqhubekayo kuyo yonke inoveli.
Iso
Indaba eyinqaba ebekwe endaweni ejwayelekile yamanoveli okuqala ka-Nabokov, indawo evaliwe yokufuduka kwabantu baseRussia eJalimane yangaphambi kukaHitler. Phakathi kwalokhu onxiwankulu abakhanyiselwe nabangaphandle, uSmurov, umlingiswa oyinhloko wendaba kanye nokuzibulala okukhungathekile, ngezinye izikhathi uyinhloli yamaBolshevik futhi ngezinye izikhathi iqhawe lempi yombango; ngebhadi othandweni ngelinye ilanga nesitabane ngokulandelayo.
Ngakho-ke, ngesisekelo senoveli engaqondakali (lapho kugqama khona izigcawu ezimbili ezikhumbulekayo, okuhle kakhulu kwe-Nabokovian: leyo yomthengisi wezincwadi u-Weinstock ecela imimoya kaMohammed, uKhesari, uPushkin noLenin, kanye ne-akhawunti kaSmurov ehlasimulisayo nesolisayo yokubalekela kwakhe eRussia), uNabokov. ihlanganisa ukulandisa okuqhubekela phambili kakhulu, ngoba impicabadala ezodalulwa yileyo yobunikazi obukwazi ukushintsha umbala ngemvamisa efanayo neyonwabu. Isiphithiphithi sokudideka, umdanso wokuzibonakalisa ukuthi ungubani, umkhosi wokucisha iso, "Iso" inoveli emfushane ephazamisayo nejabulisayo kaNabokov.
