Izincwadi ezi-3 ezihamba phambili zikaRamón María del Valle-Inclán

Kwakukhona isikhathi eSpain lapho i-bohemia ngokuyisisekelo yayiyizincwadi futhi izincwadi zaziwuhlobo oluhle kakhulu lwe-bohemia. Ngoba ngalezo zikhathi i-bohemian ngokuyisisekelo yayiyilowo owayengahambisani neqiniso, egcina echaza ezincwadini ukuthi indawo yonke yalabo abathanda ukuveza ngokucacile ukudikibala nokuzinikezela kuleyo nhlanganisela eyinqaba phakathi kwe-hedonism ne-nihilism.

Futhi kulapho URamón María del Valle-Inclán Uvela njengomuntu oyisifanekiselo ngomsebenzi wakhe wokulingisa "uLuces de Bohemia", ireferensi yesizukulwane sama-98 kanye nesikhathi somlando esaphila ekuvukeni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili.

Kodwa, naphezu kokuba uLuces de Bohemia, ukumelwa okunembile kwaleyo mpilo ye-bohemian IValle-Inclán wahlangana, yize adlulisela esigabeni umcabango nemibono yabo bonke labo badali yahamba phakathi kokudideka nethemba. UValle-Inclán wayenobuciko obukhulu kangangokuba wakwazi ukuzikhulula ekugqilazweni kobuciko obubodwa. Njengoba ibhalelwe ukubhala, lo mbhali ubhale amanoveli, izinkondlo, ama-eseyi, izindaba kanye nobuntatheli, ekwazi ukumboza konke futhi abaluleke emphakathini wezamasiko waleso sikhathi.

UTertullian wodumo olwaziwayo kanye nomuntu owayenenhlanhla eningi ye-florin duelist, wakwazi ukuhlanganisa yomibili le misebenzi, walahlekelwa yingalo ngemuva kwengxabano emhlanganweni owawushubile noManuel Bueno Bengoechea.

Ezincwadini zikaValle-Inclán umuntu uphefumula ukonakala okufanayo kweSpain eyahlakazwa phesheya kwezilwandle futhi yasongelwa ngencithakalo ngaphakathi. Kunokuba agcine ithemba, umsebenzi wakhe uba mnyama njengoba lo profesa omdala enezela ekuphelelweni ithemba kwakhe imizwelo yokuguga. Kungaleso sikhathi lapho uLuces de Bohemia azalwa khona futhi okudabukisayo okudume kakhulu lapho ubuqiniso bezikhathi zakhe zokuphila bukhubazekile, isingathekiso esibi ngokwenhlalo yomphakathi nepolitiki siqhutshekwe kuze kube namuhla, ngokubona kwami.

Izincwadi ezi-3 eziphezulu kakhulu zeValle-Inclán

Izibani zeBohemian

Ithiyetha yokufunda nayo inephuzu layo. Bona izigcawu ezishintshayo ngaphansi kwesiteji esingenakuqhathaniswa somcabango wokufunda, njalo ungaphezulu kakhulu kwetiyetha ye-Broadway ehamba phambili.

Endabeni yalo msebenzi, udaba luphinde lube kwelinye izinga eliphezulu. Ngaphansi kwe-prism ka-Max Estrella singena ezinsukwini zemibuthano phakathi kwama-ideologicalist kanye nama-existentialists, ngobusuku bokuhlukaniswa kweMadrid efile.

Phakathi kwezingxoxo ezikhazimulayo, ezithukuthele futhi ezigxekayo sithola lokho kukhuluma yedwa okumnandi kukaMacbethian okuchaza okusabekayo, leyo nkulumo echaza, kusukela ekudumazekeni, ukulahleka kwamagugu kanye nomuzwa wokwehlulwa kokushisekela izwe njengoba kuthinta umkhakha wezenhlalo.

Ubungcweti obugcwele izimpawu ezifana nobumpumputhe bukaMax Estrella noma izibuko ezidumile ezisontayo lapho sonke sigcina sesibukana lapho kukhulunywa ngokubhekana nobulukhuni bezimo.

Amafulegi Omashiqela

Ngokwazi kwale noveli, lo msebenzi yiwona obaluleke kakhulu umbhali waseGalician. Ngenxa yohambo lwakhe oluya eMelika, uValle-Inclán waqoqa imibono yezenhlalo ukuze aqhathanise nokwakuseSpain.

Futhi yile ndlela adala ngayo izwe elisha lokucatshangelwa alibiza ngokuthi i-Santa Fe de Tierra Firme futhi elasebenzela ukuguqula isithombe sabashiqela ukusuka lapha nalaphaya, ngomphumela ofanayo wokugcina kubantu, noma ngabe bakuphi.

UGeneral Santos Banderas, uhlanya lwangempela oluphethe izwe, uqondisa imiklamo yezwe ngesandla esinzima. Ngokuphambene naye, kuphela inqwaba yama-idealists ekwazi ukugxeka isimo senhlalo esihlongozwayo.

Eqinisweni, indaba ivula ukufana phakathi kwezinhlangothi zombili ze-Atlantic, zihlangene. Ngaphezu kolimi, ngamasiko afanayo amandla azinikele ekuchithweni kwabantu, lapho kuphela izidalwa ezitholakala zilahlwe ubuncane bokuziphatha kanye nokungakwazi ukubusa ikusasa labo.

Impisi yothando

Ku-trilogy eyaziwayo ethi "Barbarian Comedies", lesi siqeshana siba indalo yombhali engumqhele. Umnikazi wendawo waseGalician uJuan Montenegro ubheka izinsuku zakhe zokugcina ngokuphikelela komuntu obhekene nokufa ngethemba elingacacile lokunqoba. Udwendwe lokuqala lwemiphefumulo seluvele lubonakale njengalelo qembu elilodwa lapho sonke sigcina sihamba khona.

Inkani kaJuan Montenegro, ngokudidayo enikelwe ezandleni zobuhlanya nokuphelelwa yithemba ngemuva kokulahlekelwa yikho konke, imele isithombe sesibindi ebusweni balabo ababulalayo. Izimpawu zokufa zenziwa ngokukhazimulayo ezindaweni ezinhle zemvelo zaseGalicia.

Noma kunjalo, umlingisi naye unengxenye yokuthatha izono zakhe ngaphambi kokuphela, njengensizwa elungile ephikisanayo ekwazi ukuthwala yonke into eyisimo somuntu. Ukuzikhukhumeza okwakuhambisana naye kusukela ekuzalweni kwakhe kuyadamba njengoba efunda ukuqonda lezo zigijimi ezivela emoyeni, emvuleni, nasembanini.

Njengesifinyezo, kungashiwo ukuthi isethi yindatshana elandisayo ngempilo nokufa nokutholakala kweketanga elihlanganisa elinye nelinye.