sengivele ngihambile Milan Kundera, noma kunalokho umsebenzi wakhe, ngavele ngazithola ngilahlekile emtatsheni wezincwadi wabazali bami. Lezo kwakuyizinsuku zami zokuthomba lapho izincwadi zaqala ukuba ngaphezu kwezinto zokuhlobisa.
Ukukhanya okungabekezeleleki kobuntu waba ngu umsebenzi wokuqalisa ubukhona bensizwa. Leyo ngane engangiqala ukuyibona imibuzo enzima eyayinxeshezelwa ngobulula beminyaka ezinikele kwezinye izinto...
Kuleyo bhalansi yempilo yomlingo ezotholwa, kwavela lo mfana waseCzech, ungqondongqondo wangempela oyohlale ephuthelwa ezingeni UJose Luis Sampedro, ibheka ukufana kwezwe ekudluleleni kweziza zayo.
U-Kundera ongenakulibaleka ngemibuzo yakhe yokuqala ewubuciko ethi ekugcineni wathola impendulo egcwalisekile, impendulo edalule unqunu ngaphambi kokungabaza kwakho okusafufusa mayelana nokuthi kuyini ukuba khona, mayelana nokuthi kuyini ukufeza ucezu lokungafi ku-cadence yemizuzwana emnandi. ngoba.
Ngokungangabazeki umbhali okhetheke kakhulu kimi osezingeni lakhe lamanoveli amathathu ayisisekelo (anconywe kakhulu), amakwe ngalokho kufundwa kokuqala osekushiwo.
Amanoveli aphezulu anconyiwe angu-3 kaMilan Kundera
Ukukhanya okungabekezeleleki kobuntu
Inoveli ezofinyelela esiphethweni sokucatshangelwa kanye nezinye eziningi okhethweni lokugcina lwemibhalo yomhlaba. Lapho lokho kukhanya okungabekezeleleki okumenyezelwe yisihloko kuphawulwe khona kakhulu esothandweni, noma kunalokho kubuhlungu benhliziyo obulandelayo ozizwa ungenakukwazi ukubuyisela lokho obuyikho.
Ukuxuba uthando nefilosofi kufana nokuhlanganisa isifiso nesizathu, ukukwazi ukukulandisa kuyinto efana nokubhala ngakho konke ubukhona bomuntu. Futhi kusukela kulowo mqondo olula futhi omncane yile ncwadi engivele ngiyibonisile: Izikhathi ezithile noma ubukhona ngokujwayelekile.
Zama ukufeza amaphupho noma uzifake kumlingo wesikhathi esidlulayo. Izilinganiso ezingenakwenzeka zeqiniso nje lokuba. Awusoze wayithola inoveli enezimpawu zefilosofi ezikuvumela ukuthi ufinyelele emibonweni eyindida kakhulu kalula, leyo ehlela ukuba khona kwemizwa yethu nezwe lethu njengombono ocishe ungahlukaniseki.
Ukungafi
Ngizobikezela, ngibikezeleke kakhulu. Kodwa ukuthi imisebenzi emikhulu inengxoxo enzima. Futhi uma befika ngababili, khona-ke ekugcineni kuyindaba yenhlanhla ukuthi yini enquma indawo yokuqala neyesibili.
Kusukela kule noveli ngigcina umqondo ka-Agnes. Isithombe sowesifazane ofaka le ndaba, obonakala sengathi uyasebenza ngokweqile kepha empeleni uzama ukukwenza ubone lokho ukungafi okwamanje. Isikhathi akubheka ngaso kanye nesikhathi esiqondile akuvalelise ngaso. U-Agnes uphawula izikhathi ezisuka lapha ziye kuphakade.
Imayelana nokufunda ukubona lezo zithombe ezizimele ezivimba umhlaba wethu ukusondela e-Olympus yonkulunkulu ngokugcwele, ngaphambi nje kokulahlekelwa unyawo lwethu nokucwila emuva esigodini.
Futhi ifilosofi, ukuhlakanipha kwemiqondo evelele emlandweni eyama ngesikhathi esithile ukuze icabange ngomusa wokuthinta. Ukuhlakanipha kwaseNtshonalanga ukuthola ukuthi akukho lutho olwaziwa uma kwenzeka umlingo.
Njengokulwa nomlando, sihlangana noProfesa Avenarius, okwazi ukudedela izakhiwo zakhe zokufa ukuze azikhohlwe nomzamo wobuwula wokwandisa ubuhle be-ephemeral.
Ikhethini
Izinhloso zikaKundera zokuzitika ngemibhalo njengesiteshi sokunyakazisa ifilosofi yakhe emhlabeni. Umbuzo wakudala wokuthi kungani ukubhala kufanelekile emlandweni wezincwadi uqobo, ngomuzwa wokungafi emisebenzini yabalobi abakhulu.
"Ubuciko obukhulu benoveli kuphela obukwazi ukudabula ngokuphazima kweso ikhethini lokucwasa kanye nezincazelo zangaphambili esingachazi ngazo impilo yethu kuphela kodwa wonke umlando wesintu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, mhlawumbe inoveli yindawo yokugcina yokugcina esivumela ukuthi samukele ubukhona bomuntu ngokuphelele futhi "sibheke umphefumulo wezinto."
Umbhali nombhali wezindaba uMilan Kundera usimema ekhethini ukuthi sibambe iqhaza engxoxweni eyimfihlo phakathi kwamagama amakhulu esiko laseNtshonalanga.
Eminye imisebenzi ikhanyisa abanye, ababhali bathola izici ezingajwayelekile kubanduleli babo, okuzogqugquzela ababalandelayo ngezindlela ezihluke kakhulu: Rabelais, Cervantes, Diderot, Fielding, Flaubert, Joyce, Kafka, GarcÃa Márquez ... Umphumela mncane kanye "nesicelo" esithile semibhalo uKundera abelana ngaso nabafundi kanye nomlando womuntu siqu okhanyayo wezincwadi. "
Ezinye izincwadi ezinconyiwe nguMilan Kundera
INtshonalanga entshontshiwe
Ukucabangela u-Kundera omunye wababhali baseYurophu abahlakaniphe kakhulu bekhulu lama-XNUMX, ukuzama ukubuyisela imibono yezenhlalo yekhulu lama-XNUMX laseYurophu ngaphandle kokuthembela kuye kungaba ukushiya ngemuva zonke lezo zincwadi eziqukethe i-akhawunti yangempela yezenzakalo. Futhi njengoba kuvame ukwenzeka kulokho okubhalwe yizingqondo okuhlukaniswa njengokuka-Kundera, ukubuyisela imibhalo ethile kusho ukutholakala kweziprofetho ezizigcwalisayo ngengqikithi nangesimo...
Isiko lama-Czech ngeminyaka yawo-1967s lajabulela ubungqabavu obumangalisayo: izincwadi, imidlalo yaseshashalazini kanye nesinema kwabonisa imvelaphi eyingqayizivele nokwehluka, ngokuhluke kakhulu ekubhidlikeni okusheshayo kwezinhlaka zezombusazwe kanye nokuhlasela kokuhlolwa okuqinile. Lo msebenzi uqukethe imibhalo emibili yongqondongqondo omkhulu waseCzech: inkulumo yakhe phambi kweCongress of Writers ngo-XNUMX, lapho akhulumela khona ngesibindi ukuzimela kwesiko nenkululeko yabadali, futhi. INtshonalanga entshontshiwe (1983), isihloko eside ngaleso sikhathi esavusa impikiswano yezombangazwe ezincwadini eziyinhloko zamasiko aseYurophu.
Esimweni sezwe lakhe elincane, phakathi kombuso wobushiqela wamaKhomanisi, umbhali uyazibuza ngesisindo sobuqaba emlandweni nasezimpilweni zabantu, futhi ngendlela eyisimangaliso, uxwayisa ngezinsongo ezivela eRussia (ngaleso sikhathi i-Union). Soviet) ngokumelene nalo lonke elaseYurophu.
