Emibhalweni yaseRussia sithola inqwaba yababhali bendawo yonke. Phakathi kwe- EChekhov, UDostoevsky, owayephila ngesikhathi sakhe UTolstoy nezakhe Gorki bakwazi ukubhala izindaba futhi amanoveli afinyelele ezingeni lemisebenzi ephezulu yokulandisa komhlaba. Bonke, ngandlela thile, baqamba kuwo wonke umsebenzi wabo ukucabanga okungaphezu kokuqhathaniswa ezweni elibhekene nezinguquko zezomnotho, ukwehla kwezombusazwe nokwehliswa kokuziphatha noma kwezenkolo.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi izikhathi ezinzima ezazihlala eRussia phakathi kwekhulu le-XNUMX nele-XNUMX, zazingavuna leyondaba ejulile, ebucayi, engokomzwelo, eyeqisayo ezinhlakalweni zomuntu zosizi, eyandisa intando yokufuna ukunikeza izwi ezweni elithuliswe yi I-Tsarism okokuqala nangenguquko kamuva.
Endabeni UMaxim Gorky, ngenoveli yakhe ethi The Mother kwenzeka okufanayo nakuDostoevsky ngobugebengu nokujeziswa noma uTolstoy onempi nokuthula. Kwakumayelana nokuxoxa le ndaba ngabalingiswa abangakwazi ukuhlanganisa imizwa yabantu abajeziswa ngokomlando futhi imiphefumulo yabo yayihlala ngokwesaba, ukuqina nethemba lenguquko ekugcineni eyayimbi kakhulu, ngoba lapho lesi silo sidinga esinye isilo esizophela ehluliwe, amandla agcina kungukuphela komthetho odalwa yingxabano.
Kunokuhlangenwe nakho okumbalwa kwemibhalo okujule kakhulu kunokufundwa kwalaba balandisi baseRussia.Ngokwecala likaGorky, ngaso sonke isikhathi enephuzu lokulwelwa kwezepolitiki, ngaphandle kokuthi kusukela ekuqaleni kwakhe eceleni kukaLennin nokubuyela kwakhe ohlangothini lukaStalin, ngokungangabazeki bekumele ukuvuka akunakwenzeka ukuguqulwa emcabangweni wakhe abambe iqhaza ngentshiseko. Kukhona labo abathi ezinsukwini zakhe zokugcina wahlupheka enyameni yakhe ingcindezelo kaStalin eyayingenayo enye indlela yokuziphatha ngaphandle kokubhekana nayo ...
Amanoveli aphezulu amathathu anconyiwe nguMáximo Gorki
Umama
Njengoba sazi, umphakathi waseRussia wabhekana nokungezwani okukhulu kwezepolitiki phakathi nekhulu le-XNUMX nele-XNUMX. Izwe elikhulu lase liphenduke indawo yokuzalela iMarxism ebhekene nokunethezeka nokungaziphathi kahle kombuso wamakhosi.
Vele, abantu abahlupheka kakhulu kunanoma yikuphi ukungqubuzana kwakungabantu. Futhi kusuka kulelo dolobha kuzalwa isithombe sikamama wale ndaba, mhlawumbe umama wabo bonke omama, onesisindo esikhulu kunonina kaNkulunkulu uqobo. UPelagia uhlala ngokwesaba, umphefumulo wakhe uthobela ukwethuka komyeni wakhe kanye nezimo zezepolitiki.
Kepha lapho umyeni wakhe eseshonile, uPelagia uvusa lokho kwazi ukuthi ukwesaba kumane kungumqondo ozimele onganqotshwa uma ucabanga ukuthi ayikho into engaba yimbi njengokufa empilweni.
Indodana yakhe uPavel nayo izizwa inkululeko kayise futhi iqala ukukhombisa ngokumelene nezinqumo eziningi nokuntuleka kwenkululeko. ISiberia iba yindawo yokugcina lapho umama nendodana bebhekana khona nokuba khona phakathi kobuhlungu bezinhlungu zomzimba nokukhululwa kwempi yabo abangangabazi ukuthi iyohluma ibe okuthile okungcono.
Abangenamakhaya
UGorky, njengomngani wakhe uChekhov, naye wahlakulela le ndaba ngenhloso yokwandisa umbono ngezindaba ezahlukahlukene ezinokuphikisana okuvamile kokungabi nabulungisa, ukwehluka kwezigaba, indlala, ukwesaba, amakhaza kanye nokwehliswa kwesithunzi sabantu bezenhlalo.
Endabeni kaGorki, okuningi okubhaliwe kuhlobene nokuhlangenwe nakho okuthile ngobumpofu. Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ziqoqa amasampula amaningi alo msebenzi wokulandisa ubheke emfushane.
Yize lokhu kufinyelelwa kungafinyeleli ebuhleni bukaChekhov, okwazi ukuthuthumela endabeni yakhe emfushane, kuyiqiniso ukuthi kuletha ubuqiniso obuthe xaxa lapho businikeza khona isici sothando ukuthi abahluliwe kufanele banqobe kuphela ...
IMallow
Uthando luqondiswe kabusha kulowo muzwa odabukisayo nowaseshashalazini waseRussia ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-XNUMX. Nge-hyperrealism ejwayelekile kaGorki, ezimisele ukuchaza yonke imininingwane nayo yonke imizwa yokuguqula isigcawu ngasinye sibe yisikhathi esiphelele emcabangweni womfundi, uMalva, owesifazane othandana nobaba nendodana yakhe, uqhubeka nendaba ngokuqala okusha uthando olulula nolungenazwela ngenkathi ubuntu babathandi babo benziwa mnyama, kuze kufike lapho imibono yokuthi kungenzeka i-patricide ivele esakhiweni njengokuwukuphela kwesinqumo sokukhetha.
Ngoba indoda esothandweni ingabhekana nakho konke ukuze ibe nalowo wesifazane. isizungu nokuwohloka komqondo.
