Izincwadi ezi-3 eziphezulu zikaMary Shelley

Kwakungenxa yokuthi ubaba wakhe uWilliam Godwin, njengesazi sezombangazwe se-avant-garde, wayefundile UMary Shelley ikhululwe kakhulu ezinkingeni zenhlalo, ezepolitiki nezokuziphatha ezazinciphisa owesifazane wangaleso sikhathi. Iqiniso ngukuthi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi umbhali utholakala ukuthi ngubani, ngaphezu komsebenzi wakhe "uFrankstein noma uPrometheus wanamuhla", ozinikele ezincwadini esezivele zacwila ebufazini obucatshangwa nguye njengokulingana phakathi kwabesilisa nabesifazane.

Kwakusekude ukuthi ngihambe ngakwesokudla sokuvota nokudluliswa okusebenzayo ezinhlakeni eziningi zenhlalo. Kepha lokho kungokwemvelo uMary Shelley abamba iqhaza emkhakheni wezamasiko ohlotshaniswa kakhulu nowesilisa njengezincwadi, kwasebenza njengesizathu njengenye yalezi zinyathelo ezidingekayo, mhlawumbe hhayi lokho okusolwa njengowesifazana kepha kukhanyisela ngokweqiniso ngamandla alinganayo.

Lapho sifunda noma iyiphi i-akhawunti ye- PoeUkucaphuna umuntu owayephila ngesikhathi esifanayo nokufana okuthile ngokomqondo ngezikhathi ezithile, noma singena encwadini kaFrankstein, sithola ukuthi ukulingana okungokwemvelo. Akukhathalekile ukufunda okunye noma okunye, futhi lokho kungenxa yomqondo onokwanela wombhali ozelwe oqinisekisiwe ngokubaluleka komuntu ngaphandle kwamalebula ezocansi.

Kepha ngaphezu kwalowo msebenzi ohlanganisayo wombhali nomsebenzi wakhe, nangaphandle kobuciko bakhe obubuciko, uFrankstein, mhlawumbe inguqulo engaqondakali yobudlelwano bakhe obubuhlungu ngokuphila nokufa (ukunamathela ku-biography yakhe, ngaphandle kokushona kukanina washona ezalwa , Ukushona kwezingane zakhe ezimbili kwezintathu nokudlula emhlabeni komyeni wakhe kuminze olwandle), sithola nokuthi umbhali utshaleke kakhulu UWalter Scott noma uyise uqobo uWilliam Godwin. Kuphela ukuthi uMary Shelley, obekwe yizimo zakhe ezibulalayo, uzinikele kwi-gothic lapho ezofihla khona usizi lwakhe nokukholelwa ethembeni lakhe.

Izincwadi Ezinconyelwe ezi-3 eziphezulu nguMary Shelley

UFrankstein noma i-Prometheus yanamuhla

U-Prometheus wazithathela yena ukweba umlilo wamadoda. Uphawu lwalenganekwane lwagcina selwedlula esikweni laseNtshonalanga njengokulawulwa kokukhanya nempilo.

Ngakho indlela yenoveli emayelana nesayensi ekwazi ukukhiqiza ukuphila komuntu ngenxa yenhlansi yalowo mlilo wonkulunkulu yavalwa ngalowo mugqa wethegi wokuqala, namuhla osuvele ugcinwe ezikhathini eziningi. Okuhle kakhulu ngale noveli ukufunda kwayo kabili.

Ngoba ngaphesheya kweqiniso nje eliwumbukwane elinikeze emifanekisweni eminingi yokwesaba ezincwadini nakumabhayisikobho, umqondo wokuphila, ngokuba ntekenteke kwawo, wokuthi kungenzeka isayensi ifane nokulingisa ukuthi uNkulunkulu odala ukuphila naye uyedlula. noma leyo nhlansi kagesi lapho kuzalwa khona ukushaya kwenhliziyo kokuqala.

Umqondo wawuzwakala unzima ngaleso sikhathi kwazise umqondo wawungowokubuyisela umuntu owayesevele eshonile. Kodwa-ke, umbhali uyakwazi ukuvusa leso sintu lapho ebhekene nedlanzana kanye nokugqama.

UFrankstein uyisinengiso futhi ngasikhathi sinye ungumphefumulo ozulazulayo, ongenangqondo, ngoba kwesinye isikhathi angabheka noma yimuphi umuntu ukuthi ubhekane nobukhona bakhe ...

Inguquko nezinye izindaba

Ushintsho olubushelelezi kuwo wonke umsebenzi kaMary Shelley. Izindaba ezintathu ezingena kulokho kuthintwa kweGothic kokuhlelekile, okuphazamisayo nokuphazamisayo ngemuva.

Indaba yokuqala, iTransformación ithatha izikhombisi koxhumana nabo phakathi kwabantu nezidalwa ezingaphezu kwemvelo emcabangweni odumile futhi igcina ngokuxoxa ngokusebenzisana okwesabekayo komuntu namademoni okhokho bawo.

Indaba yesibili ithi The Immortal Mortal, lapho isici esimnandi sempilo nokufa sithatha esinye isici. Umfana onamakhulu eminyaka ambalwa ngemuva kwakhe ukhuluma ngengunaphakade, ngokuhamba kwakhe emhlabeni ngemvelo yakhe engavamile futhi, nokho, futhi exhuma nezinkanuko zomuntu, lezo ezinganikeza injongo yokuphila kweminyaka eyi-10 noma eyi-1.000 kuphela.

Vala lo mqulu I-Evil Eye, ukuqonda kwangempela kwezinkolelo namasu amadala, kulowo mlingo omnyama ongasetshenziswa ngabantu kuphela ukuziphindisela nokubhubhisa.

Indoda yokugcina

Inoveli enkulu elandelayo kaMary Shelley ayikaze ibhekelwe ngokuphelele. Mhlawumbe kwakungenxa yokuthi owesifazane wayevunyelwe ngokwesiko ukuthi abhale mayelana namacebo acatshangelwayo afana noFrankestein (nakuba ekugcineni umbhali wenza umsebenzi ngalokhu kubili phakathi kokuqamba nobukhona), kodwa ezinye iziphakamiso ezilandisayo zazingavunyelwe lapho owesifazane ayehlose ukulingana ngqo kumqondo wokuziphatha, wokuziphatha kanye namasiko womuntu ukwenza iqhinga mayelana nokukhuphuka komhlaba ...

Yiba ngangokunokwenzeka, ukusondela kule noveli ngama-apocalyptic overtones namuhla ukujabulela uMary Shelley ngaphandle kobuciko obuningi kangaka be-gothic. Abalingiswa baka-Adrian noRaymond bamele amadoda akhululiwe anquma ukubhekana nezinhlekelele ezahlukile kunalezo ezimakiwe.

Kuphela ukuthi izimo zimakwe ngubhadane olusongela ukuba ubhubhane olubhubhisayo lwayo yonke into yomuntu. Kulapho-ke lapho ingxenye yama-gothic ebuyela engxoxweni ukuhlinzeka lelo phuzu lokwesaba elicabanga ukuthi kuzophela yonke into.