I-History of Literature inezinto ezithile ezifuna ukwazi, ezaziwa kakhulu njengokuvumelanisa ekufeni (kumele ngabe zazihlukaniswe ngamahora kuphela) phakathi kwababhali ababili bendawo yonke: uCervantes noShakespeare. Lokhu kuqondana okukhulu kwenzeka kuhlangane naleyo eyabiwe ngumlobi engiyiletha lapha namuhla, UTolstoy nomuntu wakubo UDostoyevsky. Ababhali ababili abakhulu baseRussia, futhi ngokungangabazeki phakathi kwabahamba phambili ezincwadini zomhlaba wonke, nabo babephila ngesikhathi.
Uhlobo lokuhlangana kwenhlanhla, ukuvumelanisa okumangalisayo, okubangele lokhu kufaniswano emavesini endaba.. Kusobala ... uma singabuza noma ngubani amagama ababhali ababili baseRussia, bangacaphuna lo mugqa wezinhlamvu.
Njengoba kungabikezelwa, isikhathi samanje sithatha ama-analytical thematic. UTolstoy waphinde wathatheka yisimo esibuhlungu, esakholelwa esikhathini esizayo futhi ngasikhathi sinye imizwa yokuhlubuka ezungeze umphakathi waseRussia osaboshwe kanjalo namanje… Iqiniso njengendawo yokuqala yokwazisa nentando yokushintsha. I-Pessimism njengesikhuthazo sesimo se-existentialist futhi esikhazimula ngokweqile ebuntwini bayo.
3 amanoveli anconyiwe nguLeo Tolstoy
Anna Karenina
Kuyashaqisa ukuthi kusho ukuthini ukubhikisha ngokuziphatha okwamanje. Mhlawumbe umbono wokuthi kuyini noma akulungile, mayelana nokuthi yini ukuzinikela ebubini noma ukusebenzisa inkululeko ethile yokuzikhethela ukwazile ukushintsha kakhulu, kepha ifa lokuziphatha okuphindwe kabili kwezigaba zabaphezulu liyaqhubeka nokusebenza, njengoba kanye nokuhlazeka okufanayo komzana. Noma, okuza kakhulu ukuqoqwa kwemizwa, imizwa nokuphikisana kuka-Anna uqobo, umlingiswa wendawo yonke.
Isifinyezo: Yize ekubukekeni kwayo yamukelwa njengempendulo ngokumelene nenhlangano yamaFulentshi yemvelo, uTolstoy ulandela ku-Anna Karenina izindlela zemvelo kuze kube yilapho zidlulwa, engazibheki njengokuphela kukodwa.
Ihlukaniswe njengenoveli yokugcina yesitayela sokuqala sombhali, ingeyokuqala lapho kuvezwa khona izinkinga zokuziphatha eziqhubekayo umlobi ngaleso sikhathi. U-Ana Karenina, indaba eshaqisayo yokuphinga emkhakheni womphakathi ophakeme waseRussia wangaleso sikhathi.
Kuwo uTolstoy ukhombisa umbono wakhe womphakathi wasemadolobheni, uphawu lwezinto ezimbi nezono, okuphikisana nempilo enempilo yemvelo nasemaphandleni. U-Ana Karenina uyisisulu salelo zwe eliwubuwula nelokugula lomuzi, osebe ngumuntu obalulekile ezincwadini zomhlaba.
Impi nokuthula
Kukhona ukuvumelana okukhulu ukuthi lo msebenzi wobuciko kaTolstoy. Kodwa njengoba ubona, ngithanda ukuthatha okuphambene ngezikhathi ezithile futhi ngigcina ngikubeka endaweni yesibili ... akungabazeki ukuthi kuyiqiniso ukuthi le noveli iwukubonakaliswa okuphelele, indawo yonke ephelele ye-microcosm, ecacile kakhulu. abalingiswa, abagcwele yonke imizwelo nemizwelo yomuntu kanye nezikhathi ezizungezile zomlando ezidlulele kakhulu, lapho umuntu ebhekene kwalasha ukuze agcine ewa noma endiza phezu..., kodwa u-Anna Karenina unephuzu elikhethekile, imvume yowesifazane kanye nengaphakathi layo. indawo yonke, enamandla ngokuphawulekayo njenganoma yimuphi omunye umlando.
Isifinyezo: Kule noveli emnandi, uTolstoy ulandisa ngokushintshashintsha kwezimpilo zabalingiswa abaningi bazo zonke izinhlobo nezimo kuyo yonke iminyaka engamashumi amahlanu yomlando waseRussia, kusukela ezimpini zikaNapoleon kuze kube maphakathi nekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalolunye.
Ngalesi sizinda, umkhankaso wamaRussia ePrussia ngeMpi edumile yase-Austerlitz, umkhankaso wamabutho aseFrance eRussia neMpi yaseBorodín nokushiswa kweMoscow, ukuhlangana kwemindeni emibili ehloniphekile yaseRussia, iBolkonska neRostovs , Amalungu ayo afaka isibalo sika-Count Pedro Bezeschov njengendilinga yokuxhuma, lapho imicu eminingi futhi eyinkimbinkimbi eqala khona emlandweni womndeni inciphile.
Uhlamvu lukaPeter lubonisa ubukhona obuphilayo bukaTolstoy kule noveli enkulu. Ukuxuba umlando nokucabanga ngobuciko obuphakeme, umbhali unikeza indumezulu yamakhosi amabili, uNapoleon no-Alexander.
Kunzima ukufanisa ukujula nobukhulu bale ndaba eyenzeka emahholo aseSt.
Ama-Cossacks
Uma kuyiqiniso ngempela futhi le noveli ingase iqukathe ingxenye yemibono ka-Tolstoy nokuba khona kwakhe, kuhlale kuthakazelisa ukuthola umlobi kuleyo alter ego. Uma, ngaphezu kwalokho, indaba inephuzu lokutholwa okujabulisayo, lohambo oluya olwazini lomhlaba kanye nomuntu ngamunye ezindaweni ezishintshayo, kungaba ngcono.
Isifinyezo: Indikimba ithi iqhawe elishiya umhlaba ophucukile ukubhekana nezingozi nokuhlanzeka kokuziphatha kohambo oludabula amazwe akude. Njengakweminye yemisebenzi yakhe yokuqala, u-protagonist, u-Olenin, uqagela ubuntu bomlobi wayo: insizwa eyonakalise ingxenye yefa layo futhi ithatha umsebenzi wobusosha ukuze ibalekele impilo yayo eyayiyichilo eMoscow.
Amaphupho angacacile enjabulo amqhuba. Futhi lokhu kubonakala kuzomhlangabeza, ngenxa yomqondo ojulile wokugcwala ovela eCaucasus, ngezikhala ezinkulu nezinkulu zemvelo yayo nempilo elula yabantu bayo, okuthi, kude nakho konke ukuzenzela, amandla angunaphakade eqiniso lemvelo, ngokuqondene nothando alushoyo ngeCossack Mariana enhle.
Ucwaningo lwesigamu se-ethnographic, isigamu sokuziphatha, le noveli inokubaluleka okuvelele kwezobuciko nangokomqondo emsebenzini kaTolstoy. Ubuhle obucacile bezindawo lapho izibalo ezingenakulibaleka ze-Cossacks zivelele khona - i-Yeroshka endala, iLúkashka kanye ne-Mariana enhle nehlelekile -, ukungena okukhulu kwengqondo kwengqondo yomuntu oyisisekelo kanye nendlela eqondile yokudlulisa i-epic yempilo is Uthi uzenzela yona ukuthi enze le noveli emfushane yobusha ibe ubuciko obuncane.
Kuhle kakhulu. Ngingena kulowo mhlaba.