Ukukhuluma ngamagama asetshenziswayo njengamanje, ngalelo mkhuba lomkhiqizo wezwe, mhlawumbe akekho noyedwa oyobe esenzele okuningi umkhiqizo waseMexico ukwedlula UJuan Rulfo. Umbhali we-Universal, ongomunye wabathandwa kakhulu endaweni yokubhala yomhlaba. Ngemuva kwakhe sithola omunye umbhali waseMexico odumile nowesikhathi sakhe: Carlos Fuentes, okuthi, noma esithembisa amanoveli amakhulu, angafinyelelanga kulokho okuhle okujwayelekile kobuhlakani.
Njengakwezinye izikhathi, ngithanda ukwethula uhlelo olukhulu olusondeza umfundi kuwo wonke umsebenzi wombhali. Endabeni kaJuan Rulfo, akukho okungcono kunaleli bhokisi lesikhumbuzo leminyaka yakhe eyikhulu:
Ikhulu lama-XNUMX linababhali abambalwa abahlukile. Phakathi kwaleli qembu elikhethiwe sizohlala sithola lo mthwebuli wezithombe okwazi ukuveza okungokoqobo ngaphansi kwenqwaba yezihlungi ezibheke ekwakhiweni okungafani nakho njengoba kuwumlingo.
Umbhali wehlelo, noPedro Páramo wakholisa abagxeki nabafundi. Umlingiswa ekuphakameni kweMacbeth ka Shakespeare, ngokuphefumula kwakhe okubuhlungu, ngaleyo nhlanganisela ebulalayo yezifiso zabantu, izinkanuko, uthando nokukhungatheka.
Kepha uJuan Rulfo unokuningi kakhulu. Lo msebenzi wobungcweti awugcini ngokusibekela wonke umsebenzi wokubhala okuthi, yize ungenzi lutho, ugqame ngokubaluleka kwawo okukhulu nokuqina kwawo.
Izincwadi ezi-3 eziphezulu ezinconywe nguJuan Rulfo
UPedro Paramo
Kuningi okusazoshiywa ukushiwo njengesethulo sale noveli. I-Hispanic-American Macbeth inenzuzo yokuba seduze kwethu, ye-idiosyncrasy ejwayelekile kakhulu emhlabeni waseSpain. Ngale ndlela singalijabulela lelo phuzu elibuhlungu lomuntu ebusweni bentando yakhe emandleni kanye nokwehluka kwesimo sakhe sokufa.
Isifinyezo: Kusukela yavela ngo-1955, le noveli engajwayelekile ebhalwe nguMexico uJuan Rulfo isihunyushelwe ezilimini ezingaphezu kwamashumi amathathu futhi iholele ekuphindweni kaningi nokuhlala unomphela emazweni akhuluma iSpanishi. Lolu hlobo, okuwukuphela kwalo olubuyekezwe futhi lwagunyazwa yiJuan Rulfo Foundation, kufanele lubhekwe njengolwaso olucacile.
UPedro ungumlingiswa owaya eba yicacique enobudlova, enobugovu, oza nokuba nakho konke esebenzisa noma iyiphi indlela, kepha nokho uzizwa enothando olungenamkhawulo ngoSusana San Juan. UPedro Páramo akakwazi ukuthola uthando lukaSusana wakhe amthandayo futhi ukuphelelwa kwakhe yithemba kuyincithakalo yakhe.
Ithafa Elivuthayo
Kwesinye isikhathi uJuan Rulfo wavuma ukuthi iqoqo lezindaba eziqoqwe kulo mqulu zaziwuhlobo lokudutshulwa okujwayelekile kukaPedro Páramo, umdwebo, uchungechunge lwezindlela ezibheke eceleni kwinoveli yakhe enkulu.
Futhi iqiniso ukuthi kusethi kunomoya ofanayo wezindaba ongahlanzekile ekukhuleni kwazo njengoba kuyizeshashalazi ekwethulweni kwazo.
Isifinyezo: Ngo-1953, eminyakeni emibili ngaphambi kukaPedro Páramo, iqoqo lezindaba ezimfushane lanyatheliswa ngaphansi kwesihloko esithi El llano en Llamas. Abafundi besikhashana, njengalabo bamanje, bezwe imibuzo ezalwe ngaphakathi kubo: Ngubani uJuan Rulfo? Kungani ebhala akubhalayo, incithakalo engaka, ukuthi iprozi inamandla futhi igcwele ubuhlungu, isizungu nodlame?
Lolu hlobo lufuna ukuvula iminyango yezimpendulo futhi lunikeza umbhalo ocacile we- "El Llano en llamas" olungiswe yiJuan Rulfo Foundation. Ngaphandle kokungabaza, omunye wemibhalo ebaluleke kakhulu ezincwadini zaseSpain zekhulu lama-XNUMX.
Iqhude legolide
KuJuan Rulfo, i-cinema yanikela ngozibuthe okhethekile. Indaba exoxwe kahle, enabalingiswa abafanele, ingasebenza ekusabalaliseni ukubaluleka komsebenzi.
Njengoba isikhathi sihamba, abalingiswa abaphambili kungenzeka bangakhunjulwa, kepha icebo lizohlala lihlala njalo. Okwakucatshangwa njengombhalo kwavela kwaba yile ncwadi.
Isifinyezo: Ekuqaleni yadalwa kulindeleke ukuba kube ngumbhalo wefilimu, le "ndaba" yabanye, kwabanye "inoveli emfushane", idlula ifilimu eyadutshulwa ngegama elifanayo ngo-1964.
Ekuqaleni yabhalwa ngo-1950, izindaba zokuqala zomdlalo zafinyelela emaphephandabeni ngo-Okthoba 1956, ngokwesimo sokukhiqizwa kwamafilimu, zaphinde zavela eminyakeni elandelayo. NgoJanuwari 1959 lo mbhalo (owathayipha kusuka embhalweni wesandla kaRulfo) wabhaliswa ehhovisi ngalezi zinqubo.
Kufana neminye imisebenzi kaRulfo, emihle kakhulu, mhlawumbe umsebenzi olula ukufundwa yilo mbhali futhi futhi ongaziwa kangako. Ilandisa ngempilo yendoda yabantu okuthi, phakathi kwamashwa, izuze ingcebo nenhlalakahle futhi, njengakweminye imisebenzi kaRulfo, ibe nomphumela onengqondo futhi ongokoqobo kodwa odabukisayo.
