Izimo zenhlalo zimaka, futhi nangaphezulu, umbhali ophethe ukuzivocavoca, ngandlela thile futhi ngezinga elikhulu noma elincane, njengoba umbhali wezikhathi wayephila. UJohn steinbeck Ngokweqile wayengekho kuleyo minyaka enzima Yokuwohloka Okukhulu Kwezomnotho okwaqala ngawo-30 futhi okwahlasela ikakhulukazi i-United States, izwe lomlobi.
Y ngenxa yakhe imininingwane eminingi kangaka yayo yonke imikhakha yezenhlalo yenziwe yaba ngeyabantu, ngokusebenzisa ubuqiniso obuguqule lesi sikhathi saba uhlobo olumnyama lwangempela, lapho ukuwohloka komnotho kuvuna usizi olucindezelayo nokwenziwa kwalo ubuntu.
Futhi phakathi nalokho kwehla kwephupho laseMelika kanye nephupho lomhlaba ngokwandiswa, indawo yokuzalela izingxabano zempi zesikhathi esizayo, uJohn Steinbeck wayecacile ukuthi into yakhe kwakuwukulandisa okwakwenzeka kusuka ezindaweni ezithile. Kwamlahlekisela ngeyakhe, kepha ekugcineni ipeni lakhe elibucayi lathola indlela, kuze kube yilapho umklomelo weNobel wezincwadi ngo-1962 uqinisekisa ukuthi wayengenzanga iphutha ekukhetheni umkhakha wombhali othakazelisayo, odabukisayo nothakazelisayo.
3 Amanoveli anconyiwe NguJohn Steinbeck
Amagilebhisi Olaka
Iminyaka eyishumi yabangu-30 yasala ngemuva. Iminyaka yosizi nokudangala okwagcina kuholele eMpini Yezwe Yesibili.
Ngalezo zinsuku, wonke umuntu wayehamba ayofuna igolide lakhe elithile. Uhambo nokufika ezindaweni ezintsha kwenze ukuthi kwandise ukudumala nokugqamisa ukungabi nazimpande nokuntuleka kokuhlanganiswa. Abantu abaguqule imiphefumulo yabo ukuze bagcine bedla usizi olwengeziwe nokungaqondi ngokuphelele.
Isifinyezo: Ihlukaniswa ngomklomelo wePulitzer ngo-1940, iThe Grapes of Wrath ichaza idrama yokufuduka kwamalungu omndeni wakwaJoad, athi, ephoqwa ngothuli nesomiso, aphoqeleka ukuba ashiye amazwe awo, kanye nezinkulungwane zabanye abantu abavela e-Oklahoma. noTexas balibangisa “ezweni elithenjisiwe” laseCalifornia ngemuva kwemiphumela emibi ye-Great Depression kanye ne-Dust Bowl.
Lapho, nokho, okulindelwe yileli butho labantu abathathiwe ngeke kufezeke. Phakathi kwezinguqulo zamafilimu ezaziwa yile noveli, kugqame okukhumbulekayo okulingisa uHenry Fonda futhi kuqondiswe nguJohn Ford.
Okamagundane nabesilisa
Ungafuni, uDon Quixote uzinikeze yena okuningi ngeziphakamiso ezintsha zezinhlamvu ze-quixotic. Ubuntu obumngcele wesabekayo futhi ukuthatha uhambo oluya ndawo kuyanda emlandweni wezincwadi noma nakwi-cinema.
USteinbeck naye ujoyine lo mkhuba wokutshela umhlaba ngezinhlamvu ezihlukile ukuthi, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, zinikeze umbono oyingqayizivele ogcina uvule izingqondo zethu kubo bonke.
Isifinyezo: U-Lennie, okhubazeke ngokomqondo futhi omubi njengaye, uzulazula emigwaqeni eceleni kukaGeorge onobudlova nonobuhlakani. Bangabantu ababili abazulazulayo ezindaweni zasemakhaya ze-Great Depression ezacekela phansi iNyakatho Melika, bahlala befuna noma yimuphi umsebenzi ozobavumela ukuthi baphile.
UJohn Steinbeck, uNobel Prize ngo-1962, waveza kumanoveli akhe amaningi umhlaba wabantu abaswele ababezulazula emaphandleni aseMelika phakathi neminyaka yokudangala, befuna noma yimuphi umsebenzi ongabavumela ukuthi baphile.
Kule noveli, eyalethwa esikrinini ngo-1992, uSteinbeck ubalisa ngobudlelwano obuphakathi kukaLennie noGeorge: uLennie, umuntu obuthakathaka ngokomqondo njengowakudala njengoba enethenda; UGeorge, ohlakaniphe ngobuhlakani, ozama ukuvikela uLennie kuye, yize kwesinye isikhathi ethembela emandleni akhe ukuphuma enkingeni.
Ubungani phakathi kwalezi zidalwa ezimbili ezazincishwe amathuba kanye nokubhekana kwabo nezwe elijwayelekile futhi eliphucuzekile labanamandla kungumkhiqizo wohlangothi lomuntu olusasebenza nanamuhla njengalapho kubhalwa le noveli, eminyakeni engaphezu kwamashumi ayisithupha edlule: ubumbano.
Ehlathini lobusuku
Yini esihlose ukuyishiya njengefa ingane? Kwesinye isikhathi sifuna babe njengathi, kepha cishe ngaso sonke isikhathi senza sengathi bangcono kunathi.
Imfundo yasekhaya nokuqhathanisa okukhulayo njengoba isikhathi sihamba ngokubeka ngamunye endaweni yakhe, abazali ngemuva kwezigcawu nezingane abangena esiteji, benza umdlalo weshashalazi mhlawumbe esingasoze sawubhala.
Isifinyezo: UJoe Saul angaba yinoma ngubani, i-acrobat, umlimi noma itilosi, oshukunyiswa yisifiso esinamandla sokudlulisela indodana yonke ifa lakhe. Ngabe uyakwazi ukukwenza? Futhi ukuqonda ukuthi yiziphi izingibe okufanele unqobe endleleni?
Kulo msebenzi obabazekayo, obhalwe ngokulandela ifomula efanayo ne-Of Mice and Men ne-The Moon Has Set, uJohn Steinbeck ukhombisa ngokusobala ukubaluleka kwegazi, ifa, ukuziqhenya nobungane, ekuthandeni okuyinhloko komuntu nasekuthuleni okudingekayo ukuze akuqonde.
Njengoba umbhali uqobo lwakhe asho enkulumweni yakhe yokwamukela iNobel Prize for Literature ngo-1962, "kumele sizifunele thina ngokwethu ukuthola umthwalo nokuhlakanipha imithandazo yethu eyayikade ifuna ukunika unkulunkulu othile."
