Nge-Herman Melville kwenziwa i-triumvirate yababhali be-adventure abakhulu bekhulu le-XNUMX. Ngoba eduze kwe- Robert Louis Stevenson nokungapheli Jules Verne, laba babhali abathathu baveza umoya omusha, isihambi, umhloli wamazwe, maphakathi nendawo emkhathizwe wesayensi nobusuku obuseduze benkolelo-ze, izinkolelo nanoma yiluphi uhlobo lokholo, lokhokho kunoma yikuphi ukubonakaliswa kwalezo zikhathi.
Vele, endabeni kaHerman Melville, ukubhala kwazalwa njengesidingo sokubona ukuhamba kwakhe phakathi kwezilwandle nezilwandle. Ukukhathazeka komuntu othanda ukuvakashelwa ngalezo zinsuku, okwenezelwe emcabangweni nasekwakheni izinto zalabo ababephethe izinkuni zombhali, kwaholela ezinhlotsheni eziningi zamanoveli ezazizulazula kulobu buqu obufanayo besayensi nobesoteric obujwayelekile kuleli khulu leminyaka.
Njengoba ekhuliswe njengengane yesibili kweziyisikhombisa, akungabazeki ukuthi kwadingeka afunde ukuzimela ngesikhathi esiza ukuze ondle ezinye izingane, njengoba eneminyaka eyishumi nambili wabhekana nokunyamalala okubuhlungu kukayise.
Ngakho-ke akumangazi ukuthi lapho efika eminyakeni engama-20, enobuhlakani namasiko aqhathanisiwe emidlalweni eyahlukahlukene kakhulu, wanquma ukuqala ukunqoba okwakusazotholakala ngaphesheya kolwandle.
Kwakungabalulekile ukuthi amanoveli akhe okuqala ahluleke ukushayelwa ihlombe abagxeki nabafundi. Ukuphishekela inkazimulo kwakuyogcina sekufikile, phakathi kwezincwadi nalokho okwakubaluleke kakhulu emoyeni wakhe wokujikeleza: okuhlangenwe nakho.
Amanoveli anconyiwe aphezulu kaHerman Melville
Moby Dick
Ngubani ongazange ayifunde le ncwadi noma okungenani abone inguqulo yefilimu? Ekuphakameni kwamanoveli amahle kakhulu kaJules Verne, le ncwadi isivulela ithuba lokuqhathanisa, ngemuva kwayo ne-Odyssey yase-Ulysses noma nganoma yimuphi umsebenzi ovula uhambo njengolwazi oluyisisekelo nomsebenzi womuntu.
Ngoba ukufunwa kukaKaputeni u-whale kuhamba ibanga elide kuze kufike ohlotsheni lwe-adventure kukhathazeke ngokuqinile. Kepha futhi ukuthi ukufunda okujulile kugcina kuchaza inhloso yesibili, leyo elandisa umnyombo wohambo ngalunye, lwayo yonke impilo engemuva kokuhle, inhloso, inhloso noma yini okusishukumisayo.
I-dichotomy yemibhalo ebuye igcwaliseke ngokuphelele yizwe lolwandle, ngolwazi oluphelele lombhali ogcina ebhala incwadi yasolwandle yesikhathi sakhe. Inoveli ehlanganiswe kahle elaziswa namuhla kuzo zonke izici zayo.
UBenito Cereno
Kwesinye isenzakalo sengivele ngikhulume ngokuthi kusho ukuthini ukubhala uthisha ebusweni bokusitheka kwelanga okusondela kuwo wonke umsebenzi wombhali.
Akukho okubhalwe uHerman Melville kungekudala noma kamuva okufinyelela ebukhazikhazini bukaMoby Dick, kodwa kodwa bazicabangela bebodwa, izincwadi ezinjengoBenito Cereno zifanelwe inzuzo yokungabaza njengoba zivela kobuhlakani obufanayo. Siseziqhingini eziwugwadule ngasogwini lwaseChile. Unyaka ngu-1799 kanti uCaptain Delano uboshelwe esiqhingini.
Ukufika komkhumbi omusha kumenza aqaphele. Lapho ibutho eliqaphile lisondela eSanto Domingo, njengoba libizwa kanjalo, lokho abakuthola lapho kuvusa umusa wabo. Kepha endabeni ye-adventure, akuyona yonke into ebonakala iyiyo ... Ukaputeni waleso sikebhe esisha, uDon Benito othile, ugcina esengumlingiswa ongajwayelekile, oyisoni, okwazi ukugcina imfihlo enkulu ...
Bartleby, umabhalane
Naphezu kobufushane bayo, le ndaba igcina isibuthe ekuxakekeni kwayo. Kungabizwa ngokuthi yi-surrealist yize lokhu kwamanje kwakungaziwa ngesikhathi sombhali.
Iqiniso ukuthi amandla we-centrifugal akumema ukuthi uqhubeke nokufunda uma usuqalile. Konke kuzungeze umusho uBartleby ahlala ephindaphinda ngawo "Ngincamela ukungawenzi."
Kwenzeke okuthile okuxakile ebuchosheni bakhe, uhlobo lokujikeleza okufushane okuhlanganisa umlingisi, okuthi uma kungenjalo, alandele ngobunono imisebenzi yakhe njengomabhalane noma umkopishi ehhovisi lomxoxi, ummeli odumile wase-Wall Street.
Ukuziphatha kwendaba yindaba ebilokhu isatshalaliswa ngomlomo ngaphandle kokuchazwa ngokuphelele. Kepha njengoba ngisho, ngaphezu kwentando noma inhloso yombhali, okumangazayo kunakho konke ukuthi amandla okulutha amandla kaBartleby oqeda izinsuku zakhe ebulawa indlala ejele ... Mayelana nokuthi wafika kanjani lapho, kungcono ngingakutsheli, «Mina angancamela ukungakwenzi ".
Amazwana ama-2 kokuthi "Izincwadi ezi-3 ezihamba phambili zikaHerman Melville"