Inganekwane yezepolitiki, engqondweni yami, ifinyelele esicongweni sayo ngalomuntu obukeka kabi kodwa ezimisele. Umbhali ofihle ngemuva kwegama lomgunyathi le- George Orwell ukusishiya imisebenzi ye-anthological enezilinganiso ezinkulu zokugxekwa kwezepolitiki nezenhlalo.
Futhi yebo, njengoba uzwa, uGeorge Orwell uyigama-mbumbulu lokusayina amanoveli. Umlingiswa ngokwakhe wayebizwa ngokuthi u-Eric Arthur Blair, iqiniso elingakhunjulwa njalo phakathi kwemininingwane yalo mbhali owaphila phakathi neminyaka enesiyaluyalu eYurophu, ingxenye yokuqala yekhulu lama-20 egcwele igazi.
Nali ivolumu ephelele ehamba phambili kaGeorge Orwell…
Ukusuka enganekwaneni yesayensi kuye kwenganekwane, noma yiluphi uhlobo noma isitayela sokulandisa singafaneleka ukudlulisa umbono obucayi ngepolitiki, amandla, impi. Ukulandisa kuka-Orwell kubonakala njengokunye ukwengezwa kokuma kwakhe okusebenzayo kwezenhlalo. UGeorge omdala noma u-Eric omuhle, noma yini ofuna ukumbiza ngayo manje, kuzoba yikhanda elihlala njalo kuzo zonke izinhloso zezepolitiki ezimi phakathi kwamashiya, kusuka kuhulumeni wezangaphandle wezwe labo kanye namandla alo asephelelwe yisikhathi okwenziwa ngamakoloniyali emandleni ezomnotho. wenqubo yokugubuzelwa ngumphakathi, futhi ngaphandle kokukhohlwa ama-fascism asencane engxenye yeYurophu.
Ngakho-ke ukufunda u-Orwell akushiyi unganaki. Ukugxekwa okusobala noma okusobala kumema ukuzindla ngokuvela kwethu njengempucuko. Babelana ngalenhlonipho yokugxekwa kwezepolitiki UHuxley njengoba IBradbury. Izinsika ezintathu eziyisisekelo zokubuka umhlaba njenge-dystopia, inhlekelele yempucuko yethu.
Amanoveli anconyiwe kaGeorge Orwell
1984
Lapho ngifunda le noveli, kuleyo nqubo yokubilisa imibono evamile yentsha yakuqala, ngamangazwa amandla ka-Orwell okuhlanganisa ukwethula kithi lowo mbono womphakathi osuliwe (olungele ukuthengwa, imali kanye nezithakazelo ezingamanga kakhulu, vele. ).
Izinkonzo zokuqondisa imizwelo, iziqubulo zokucacisa umcabango..., Ulimi olufinyelela ezingeni eliphezulu lokukhuluma ukuze kuzuzwe kuqala ukuchithwa kwemiqondo, ukungabi nalutho kanye nokugcwaliswa okulandelayo ekunambithekeni nasezithakazelweni zezombusazwe eziphezulu emsebenzini wokufana. Umcabango owodwa ofisa ukuzuzwa nge-semantic lobotomy.
Indaba efingqiwe: ILondon, 1984: UWinston Smith unquma ukuvukela uhulumeni wobushiqela olawula ukunyakaza ngakunye kwezakhamizi zakhe futhi ajezise ngisho nalabo abona ngokucabanga. Wazi ngemiphumela emibi engalethwa ukungavumelani, uWinston ujoyina ubuzalwane obuyindida ngomholi u-O''Brien.
Kancane kancane, i-protagonist yethu iyaqaphela ukuthi i-Brotherhood noma i-O''Brien ayiyona into ebonakala ngayo, nokuthi lokho kuhlubuka, ngemuva kwakho konke, kungaba yinhloso engenakufinyeleleka. Ekuhlaziyweni kwayo okuhle kwamandla nobudlelwano nokuncika ekudaleni kubantu, i-1984 ingenye yamanoveli aphazamisa kakhulu futhi ahehayo kuleli khulu leminyaka.
Ukuhlubuka epulazini
Ohhh, izingulube zamakhomanisi, isingathekiso esicashile lesi. yena. Ungixolele ilayisense elihlekisayo. Ngiyithandile le ncwadi, kodwa angikwazi ukuzibamba kodwa ngeso lengqondo uGeorge edinwa ubuKhomanisi baseRussia. Yena, njengabanye abaningi, wayebheka izinkulumo zikaLenin njengokufanele umphakathi. Kodwa othile walahlekelwa inkulumo kaLenin noma uStalin wagcina eyiphonsa phansi endlini yangasese.
Kule ncwadi uGeorge Orwell, ngiyaqonda ukuthi ngokudumazeka okubi ugcina echaza ngendlela eyinsumansumane ubuqili bobukhomanisi obenziwa. Imibono, mihle, iyasetshenziswa futhi yadlulela ngokweqile. Ilayisensi ezenzweni, ngokususelwa eqinisweni lokuthi leyo yimibono "emihle". Konke okunye kuthenda ngoba, ekujuleni kwenhliziyo, ukuphela kuvumela izindlela ...
Isifinyezo: Inganekwane njengethuluzi lokwenza inoveli ehlekisayo mayelana nobukhomanisi. Izilwane zasepulazini zinobukhosi obucacile obususelwa kuma-axioms angenakuphikwa. Izingulube yizo ezibhekele kakhulu amasiko kanye nenqubo yepulazi.
Isingathekiso esingemuva kwenganekwane sanikeza okuningi ukukhuluma ngokuboniswa kwaso ezinhlelweni ezehlukene zepolitiki yangaleso sikhathi. Ukwenza lula kwalokhu okwenziwe ngezifiso kwezilwane kuveza zonke izingibe zezinhlelo zezombusazwe zobushiqela. Uma ukufunda kwakho kubheka ukuzijabulisa kuphela, ungafunda futhi ngaphansi kwalesi sakhiwo esihle kakhulu.
Tribute to ICatalonia
Futhi ngenkathi siselapho, ngiqeda lesi simo ngomlando wempi yombango yaseSpain. Mhlawumbe wabhala inkokhiso ngehlaya elithile laseBrithani, ngoba lokho u-Orwell abhekana nakho ngaphambili njenge-brigadier nokuthi wagcina edlulisele kule ncwadi kubuhlungu.
UbuKhomanisi bubhekane ne-Marxism futhi bungenaso isitha esivamile sokukwazi ukulwa ingxenye. Ukungabi nangqondo kwafinyelela lokho kweqisa. Ingxabano yempi yaseSpain njengegciwane le-fascism kanye ne-tohoitarianism eyayizofika kamuva ...
Iqoqo: I-Tribute to Catalonia akungabazeki ukuthi ingenye yezincwadi ezibaluleke kakhulu zekhulu lama-XNUMX, ezihlonishwa ababhali bayo yonke iminyaka nezimo, kusukela kuConnolly noma ku-Trilling kuya kuJavier Cercas, u-Antony Beevor noma uMario Vargas Llosa, owafika eBarcelona eminyakeni engamashumi ayisithupha lo msebenzi ungaphansi kwengalo yakhe.
Umbhalo osemqoka ngempi yaseSpain, ebisebenza njengokuzijwayeza ukugqoka kweMpi Yezwe II, futhi efaka ulwazi lomuntu uqobo lukaGeorge Orwell. Umbhali waseBrithani wafika eBarcelona egcwele ukusebenza kahle kwezinguquko ngoDisemba 1936 futhi kungakapheli nonyaka kwadingeka abaleke emishinini yamaSoviet eyayingashabalali ngokuba yingxenye yamasosha e-POUM.
Ukwethembeka nesibindi u-Orwell alandisa ngaso akubonile nophila ngakho kumenza abe ngumbhali wokuziphatha kahle. I-Tribute to Catalonia iyindlela enamandla yomuntu futhi iphikisana nokukhishwa okugcina kugcina kuholele ekwesabeni.
