1799 - 1837… Ngokulandelana kwezikhathi okulula, Isikhumba sika-Aleksandr uthola leyo ndima kababa wezincwadi ezinkulu zaseRussia ezafika kamuva ezandleni zika UDostoyevsky, UTolstoy o EChekhov, leyo nhlonipho elandisayo yezinhlamvu zomhlaba wonke. Ngoba, naphezu kokungafani ngokwethembeka kanye noshintsho lwendlela ejwayelekile ngezikhathi zombalisi ngamunye, isibalo sikaPushkin okuthiwa ukudla nokukhuthazwa, umbono obucayi obhekiswe epeni lakhe ekubhekaneni nothando olwaluqala ukuba luhlaza ivumelaniswe nomcabango ngamunye wama-greats amathathu akamuva.
Kusukela ekuzalweni kwakhe okuhloniphekile, I-Pushkin Kodwa-ke, wagcina esebenza njengomlandisi obucayi, ngaso sonke isikhathi kusuka kulelo phuzu lezothando elifihliwe njalo kumbhali ngenxa yemfundo yakhe ecwengekile nokuqondiswa kwakhe kokuqala kwezinkondlo.
Kodwa I-Romanticism futhi ingaba ithuluzi elinamandla lokuqonda elihlasela abafundi ngemizwa yabo. Futhi ukuthi abaphenyi be-Tsar bahumushe leyo nhloso engenzeka, ababehlala benokubona kwabo njengokugxila ekuvukeleni.
Ukwehlukaniswa nezikhungo zemizwa zezenhlalo nezombusazwe, ngaphandle kokumthathela izinyathelo ezinqala ngenxa yemvelaphi yakhe yobukhosi, uPushkin wayeqondisa ukwakheka kwakhe kokulandisa kubhekiswe ebuqinisweni obunamandla obugcwele ukwazisa kwakhe okungenakuphikwa kwalolo hlobo lwemikhuba yemilingo, egcwele izinganekwane nezinganekwane, ezejwayelekile kwezothando lokuqeqeshwa ayehlala eyikho.
Izincwadi Ezinconyelwe ezi-3 eziphezulu ngu-Aleksandr Pushkin
Indodakazi kaKaputeni
Inoveli yomlando ingahle ibe nezinkinga ezithile ezigcina seziphenduka ibhuku nje lokuzijabulisa lasendaweni. Ngoba akudingeki ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuthi sibe nentshisekelo yokuqhamuka endaweni ekude.
Eqinisweni, izincazelo zomhlaba ongaphandle zingaba nomphumela wokugcina wokufunda ukulahlwa. Ngakho-ke, ubungcweti bePushkin obukwazi ukucwaninga ngokuningiliziwe kwale ndaba ekhasini lokuqala, kugqame kakhulu.
Uthando lwezithandani lukaPiotr noMaría, indodakazi eyaziwayo kaputeni, lusishukumisela ukuba sifunde inoveli yezigemegeme ezingapheli, izimpi nama-duels e-Orenburg ngezikhathi ezithile zomlingo, ezigxiliswe enkungwini lapho izikhathi zokuxokozela zokuvukela kukaPurgachov zihlangana khona kanye nomcabango othile kaPushkin lapho ukuthambekela kwezothando nomlingiswa wakhe omusha wokulandelana kuhlangana khona nokubhekisisa ubuqiniso obubucayi ngezimo zabantu abaningi baseRussia abahlubuka ngenxa yesimo sabo kupiramidi esiya ngokuya sibonakale njengesidalwa esingenabulungisa esingaholela ekuvukeleni okwalandela.
Uthando luphela ngokunqoba kule noveli, kepha mhlawumbe njengezaba zokuphakamisa ifindo lokulandisa eliqhubeka kakhulu futhi elihlangabezana nezinkanuko nemibono enamandla namasiko amadala. Mhlawumbe kuyinoveli yokuqala kulolo shintsho oludingekayo phakathi kwemisinga yokudala, kulokhu kusuka ekuncomeni ukuthanda uthando komuntu ngamunye kuye ekucabangeni okuhlangene kokuvikela umuntu.
U-Eugene Onegin
Ngalowo moya owawubhekiswe ekuhlukaniseni phakathi kokuthandana nokuba ngokoqobo, uPushkin wethula inkulumo ehehayo ethokozisayo enoveli eqhubekela phambili ngokushaywa kwesonethi, njengengoma eyindumasi yamaGrikhi eyadluliselwa emlandweni wonkulunkulu ababambekayo, babantu abazalwa ngalolo hlobo yezimfihlakalo zothando.ukuze bathuthuke njengabantu bezenhlalo ngokuphelele.
I-Onegin ivela njengohlobo olungenzi lutho lwesigaba esiphakeme saseRussia ngaleso sikhathi. Ngokuyinhloko u-Onegin usimelela njengodengezi odelelekile, kepha nokho kancane kancane sithola kuye ukungathandeki kwamafomu, sikhululiwe futhi sanikezwa inkululeko yokuzikhethela ebusweni bamaketanga eqiniso le-prosaic kakhulu.
Ukuthatheka kwakhe noTatiana kugcina sekufeza injongo yenkululeko yabesifazane, ngoba isibalo sentombazane ekwazi ukumaka izinhlelo zayo zothando kungashaqisa ngokungagwegwesi.
Ukuthinta okulula, okudingekayo ekwakhiweni komculo nemininingwane emnandi ngamabomu emema ukubonwa okungokomfanekiso kwendaba kugcina kudweba enye yalezo noveli ezahlukahlukene, eziqala phansi osazibheka njenganamuhla njengengxenye ebalulekile kunoma iyiphi inqubo yokuhlola yokudala.
Boris Godunov
Akuyona yonke into eseveli ... Endabeni kaPushkin impela. Ngoba lo mdlalo uthola ubukhazikhazi bomdlalo weshashalazi okhulelwe njengobuhle bempilo. Umsebenzi obhalwe ngamandla omlobi uqinisekisile ukuthi kuphela ukuqina kweqiniso elinamandla kakhulu okungafinyelela inani lomsebenzi odlulele esiteji.
Ngaphandle kokuthi isimo sakhe sokugxeka, umbono wakhe ngokumelene nemibono nokuziphatha kwesikhathi sakhe wawusobala kangangokuba uPushkin wakugcina kufihliwe, elinde umzuzu lapho umbono wakhe omangazayo wamunca khona inhloso yakhe kanembeza.
Vele, lowo mzuzu wawuzofanelana nekusasa elithuthuke kakhulu elalingahambisani naye, ngakho-ke ekugcineni wamethula phambi kwakho konke nakuwo wonke umuntu eminyakeni embalwa ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe.
NjengoShakespeare waseMpumalanga, ezimisele ukukhombisa ukukhathazeka okukhulu kwabantu baseRussia, ngale nhlekelele ezungeze izingxabano ezindala zamandla sisondela ekuchumeni okuthuthukayo komunye wabantu abahlala beqondiswe ekuguqulweni lapho bebhekene nokuhlukunyezwa okungapheli. wenkani.
