Njengendodana yanoma yimuphi umakhelwane, ngekhulu lama-XNUMX ehlushwa yiziphathimandla ezivela eMelika Ephakathi kuya eTierra de Fuego, umbhali waseGuatemala UMiguel Angel Asturias, wagcwalisa izincwadi zakhe ngaleyo ndaba yomlando elandisa ngekusasa ledolobha. Hhayi njengenhlangano engaqondakali edonswa ngabashiqela abahle impela ukuhlanganisa umcabango, bekungaba yinoma ikuphi imininingwane, ingxenye yayo yonke, isibonelo kanye nesingathekiso ukuthola ubukhulu bokwehlukaniswa kwezenhlalo.
Kepha hhayi umgxeki wezindaba omuhle uhlala ekugxekeni komphakathi kuphela. Ngaphandle kwaleso sici esingapheli lapho angachitha khona ukukhathazeka kwezenhlalo, uMiguel Ángel Asturias uphinde wahlola ama-avant-gardes ashaqisayo ngesikhathi sakhe njengaleyo surrealism lapho konke kwakwenzeka khona. Ngakho-ke umbono omnandi uqhubekela phambili ngemisebenzi yakhe ukuze agcine ngokumithisa ngokuqiniseka okukhulu impilo futhi ezanyazanyiswa yilelo phuzu elifana nephupho lokuhlukaniswa okunikezwa yiqiniso.
Akungabazeki ukuthi kubhekiselwa kuleyo ilebuli yaseLatin American yababalisi bakamuva. Ababhali badabula ikhulu lama-XNUMX nelama-XNUMX njenge USergio Ramirez o UVargas Llosa ukuthi bangakhuthazwa nguye ukuba baqhubeke nalelo lifa lendaba ngakolunye uhlangothi lwe-Atlantic efike ngamandla eMelika ekuguqulweni kwamasiko okokuqala njengemoto kanye nomphakathi njengegama.
Amanoveli aphezulu amathathu anconyiwe nguMiguel Ángel Asturias
Mnu
Ngaphansi komthunzi omubi wamandla wobushiqela abantu abahlukaniswe nezindawo zabo zonembeza. Icebo lihlala lifana, ukusungulwa kokwesaba kanye nokuqanjwa kwamanga komholi wosuku. Imizamo yokungeniswa kwe-Insubord ihlala ihalaliselwa ngokungenasihawu. Isiko kuphela elingaphinde likuthole lokho kuvama, livuse inhlansi yenguquko.
Ibhalwe phakathi kuka-1920 no-1933 futhi yashicilelwa ngo-1946, Mnu ingenye yezichasiselo ezinkulu kakhulu zalokho okuthiwa «inoveli yombusi wobushiqela» lapho eminye imisebenzi eyisisekelo efana Mina oPhakeme, kusuka eRoa Bastos, Umashiqela uBanderas, de IValle-Inclán, Ekwindla yokhokho, de UGabriel García Márquez, noma kamuva nje, Iphathi lembuzi, ngu-Mario Vargas Llosa lapho sinemininingwane. Kuyo, i-Asturias iphefumulelwe uhulumeni wokugcina kaManuel Estrada Cabrera, eGuatemala, ukuhlola izindlela ezenza ukuba ubushiqela bezepolitiki busebenze, kanye nemiphumela yako emphakathini.
Ilandiswe ngemibono eyahlukene eyakha isimo sikaMongameli ngokungaqondile, le noveli ingenye yezinto eziphikisayo eziphawuleka kakhulu boom Ubuqiniso beLatin American kanye nomlingo, okhipha kakhulu uGarcía Márquez.
Ukulahlwa kwayo ngokungabi nabulungisa nobushiqela kwenze ukuthi ihlolwe futhi ivinjelwe iminyaka eyishumi nantathu, kanti, ngokuchaseneyo, ukunotha kwayo kwesitayela kanye nokuqala kwesakhiwo sayo sokulandisa kuyenze yaba enye yamanoveli athonya kakhulu isizukulwane sonke sababhali abavela eLatin America . Eyenzelwe ifilimu nemidlalo yaseshashalazini, futhi yahunyushelwa ezilimini eziyinhloko, le noveli yamukelwa kahle kakhulu ngesikhathi sokushicilelwa kwayo ngabagxeki kanye nabafundi ngokufanayo.
Amadoda ommbila
Amandla akwazi ukweqa unembeza awasetshenziswa kuphela ngabashiqela abanamandla. Namuhla sinezibonelo ezingcono zokuthi uquqaba lungalawulwa kanjani ngendlela ye-sibylline ethe xaxa, ngaphansi kweziqubulo zenjabulo kanye nokuhle okujwayelekile okuxutshiwe ngokwenza njenge-placebo ekwazi ukusenza sikholelwe ukuthi abukho ububi ... Kukhona izingqinamba ezingaphelelwa yisikhathi ngokwamafomu esibekwe ngaphansi kwawo ...
I-Men of Corn yenza ukulahlwa okungaqondakali kwemiphumela emibi ubungxiwankulu kanye nezinkampani ezinkulu zomhlaba ezaba nayo kumasiko, izinkolelo zokhokho, ukwehliswa kwabantu kanye nokungavikeleki kwabalimi baseGuatemala.
Inkumbulo yokhokho engaziwa, ngenxa yomsebenzi wakhe, yahlanganiswa ne-adventure yobuciko futhi yanikeza iqhaza labalingiswa bezinganekwane kwabangabanikazi befa emlandweni. Izindaba zasendulo zeQuiché zilandisa ukuthi, ekuqaleni komhlaba, onkulunkulu bahluleka kaningana emzamweni wabo wokudala umuntu, baze bathola into efanelekile yokwakha isidalwa sokugcina: ummbila.
Kusukela esihlokweni uqobo, lo msebenzi umemezela ukuzibandakanya kwawo namaNdiya aseGuatemala, kepha amadoda ommbila agcwele amakhasi awo ayinzalo yalabo abasinda ekunqobeni, badlula ezinhlekeleleni ezahlukahlukene emlandweni waseGuatemala, futhi bafika esikhathini lapho i-Asturias ibenza kabusha engxenyeni yokuqala yekhulu lama-XNUMX.
Izinganekwane zaseGuatemala
Mhlawumbe iqiniso eliyinganekwane elenziwe i-idiosyncrasy lisisondeza kumuntu we-atavistic, enqotshwe umcabango kuze kufike iphuzu lokuziphatha. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi umzamo wokuqeda lawa ma-totems amasiko utholakala njengentando eyingozi nakakhulu futhi ehlelwe ngokuphelele ebheke ezithakazelweni ezinonya nezinkulu.
Intshisekelo kaMiguel Ángel Asturias (1899-1974) kumasiko akhethekile aseCentral America njengesihloko sokucwaninga nocwaningo ithola ukwenzeka kwayo kwezemibhalo ku "Leyendas de Guatemala" (1930), umlando wezimangaliso ezinhle lapho izinganekwane abantu baseMayan-Quiché bahlangana namasiko asendulo amakoloni aseGuatemala namadolobha endabuko aseTikal naseCopán ahlangana neSantiago ne-Antigua, eyasungulwa yiSpanish. Impi phakathi kwemimoya yasemhlabeni nemimoya yaphezulu ilandiswa ngomlobi ovusa inkanuko womklomelo kaNobel Wezincwadi ka-1967 weNobel, ogcwele isithombe esikhazimulayo.
Izinganekwane zaseGuatemala zakha umhlaba wezambulo, ingxenye yenganekwane, iqiniso eliyingxenye. Ukusebenzela ukufundwa ngokuzwakalayo, umoya wayo ovulekile usenza sibone umsindo osankondlo we-cadence emangalisayo yomculo izigaba zayo ezinikeza, lapho unikeza umfundi ulwazi olunzulu ngamasiko nezinsumansumane ze-pre-Hispanic, colonial kanye ne-America yamanje. Sekukonke, impikiswano yezinganekwane iphakamisa ukungqubuzana kwamasiko okubandakanya indoda yaseMelika emzabalazweni oqhubekayo namandla emvelo kanye nezinsumansumane azidala ngokwakhe ukuze ahumushe okushiwo ukudalelwa.
