Izincwadi endabeni ye Mary intshebe Kungokuthile okuyizimo, okuphuma kuyo, umzila ogujwe endaweni enamaqabunga yokuhlakanipha kwakhe. Ngoba ngaphandle kokukhombisa ngokucacile ukuthi impucuko yamanje ibheke ekukhukhuleni, ukugxila okukude kweklasikhi kuvusa amazwibela okugcina alokho obekungenzeka.
Yingakho kungabi buhlungu ukulunguza umsebenzi onjengomthungo ehlozini. Lapho lapho ukulandisa kuthola khona lobo bukhazikhazi obulangazelela futhi buvikele labo abasahlose ukuthola izimiso nezimpande zomuntu ngesikhathi umhlaba uholela olwazini lwezinto ezibonakalayo kanye nezinganekwane zalokho okungachazeki.
I-aragonese U-Irene Vallejo Ungumfundi ovelele kulesi sikhathi samanje. Abanye abaningi yilabo abangena ezweni lasendulo befuna ulwazi okudala belulindele kanye nethemba. Okunye kungaba UMadeline miller. Futhi abesifazane abathathu sebevele behamba bayofuna i-Ithaca elahlekile ... Makube yibo abasivusayo esinambitha izimiso zakho konke esiyikho namuhla, involution ngokusebenzisa ...
Izincwadi Eziphezulu Ezi-3 Ezinconyiwe nguMary Beard
I-SPQR: Umlando WeRoma Lasendulo
Kunezincwadi eziphethe umsebenzi wempilo yonke. Ubuciko be-synthesis buzibonakalisa bungenakwenzeka kokufunda kakhulu nokuhamba ngezinyawo. Untshebe wayazi ukuthi uzobhekana kanjani nomsebenzi wokuzigcwalisa ngesikhathi ukuze azi ukuthi angahlanganisa kanjani ngaphandle kokushiya, ngalowo mkhathi ongafinyeleleki wokufinyelela konke umuntu afuna ukukusho mayelana nokuthile okungaphezu kwamandla njengoba wawunjalo uMbuso WaseRoma. Ekugcineni u-Beard wakwazi ukuxubha izinto ezisetshenziswayo futhi wabhala phansi konke okungenakushintshwa kule volumu. Ngaphezu kokuthi "indaba ...", kanye naleso sono esamukelekayo sokuthobeka okufanele sihambisane nawo wonke umuntu ohlakaniphile, singabizwa kahle ngokuthi "indaba ..."
Njengoba isiphetho seminyaka engamashumi amahlanu yocwaningo nokucwaninga ngeRoma lasendulo, uMary Beard, uprofesa eNyuvesi yaseCambridge, usinikeza umbono ohlakaniphile womlando wayo: indaba asitshela yona, “emva kweminyaka eyizinkulungwane ezimbili, isekhona. isisekelo samasiko ethu nepolitiki yethu, sendlela esiwubuka ngayo umhlaba nendawo yethu kuwo.'
Umlando obonakala ngezinganekwane eziyisisekelo ezimangalisayo nezikhungo ezinkulu zezepolitiki nezenhlalo, ngokunqoba okungajwayelekile kwezempi nemisebenzi yezakhiwo emangalisayo. Ngaphandle kokukhohlwa izenzo zabantu abadume kakhulu emhlabeni waseRoma: kusukela eCicero ezama ukugwema uzungu lukaCatilina ngoJulius Caesar, ukuya ekunqobeni kuka-Octavian uMarco Antonio. Nokho, asikho ngaphambi kokuhlanganiswa kwezemfundo okufanele sikusebenzise, ​​ngoba ekubuyekezweni okuningi kwaleli bhuku izimfanelo "zobuciko" kanye "nokuzijabulisa" zivela zihlotshaniswa.
OKhesari Abayishumi Nambili: Ukumelwa Kwamandla Kusukela Emhlabeni Wasendulo kuze kube manje
Ngemva kwakho konke okwakumelwe kutshelwe futhi kwaziwe ngeRoma elikhulu, sekuyisikhathi sokuzitika ngemininingwane, izici ekugcineni ezibaluleke njengokulandelana kwezikhathi okucophelela kakhulu. Ngoba ngaphakathi kwe-intrahistory ngayinye sithola izisusa zokugcina, imidlalo yentando eyashukumisa imibuso emikhulu.
Bunjani ubuso bamandla? Ubani omelwe kwezobuciko futhi ngani? Kulo msebenzi oyingqayizivele, uMary Beard - ngokungangabazeki i-classicist ehlonishwa kakhulu yosuku lwethu - uxoxa indaba yokuthi eminyakeni engaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezimbili zeminyaka izithombe zabacebile, abanamandla nabadumile bamazwe aseNtshonalanga zibunjwe kanjani emfanekisweni wababusi baseRoma, ikakhulu oKhesari abalitshumi lambili. Kusukela kuJulius Caesar ononya kuya kuDomitian ononya, amandla aboniswa ngokulingisa ubuciko bakudala, futhi abaholi abahlazekile bavame ukukhonjiswa njengoNero edlala ngenkathi iRoma ivutha.
Kusukela ngokubaluleka kwezithombe zombuso kwezombusazwe zaseRoma, le ncwadi enezithombe eziningi isithatha ohambweni lweminyaka eyizinkulungwane ezimbili yomlando wobuciko namasiko, yethula ukubukeka okusha kwemisebenzi yamaciko asuka eMantegna kuze kube namuhla. kanye nezizukulwane wabaluki, abakha amakhabethe, abakhandi besiliva, abanyathelisi nababumbi. Ngaphezu kwendaba yokuphindaphinda okulula kwezithombe zamadoda nabesifazane basebukhosini, OKhesari abayishumi nambili kuyinganekwane emangazayo yobunikazi obushintshashintshayo, ukukhomba okungeyikho ngamabomu noma okungaqondiswanga kahle, izinto ezingelona iqiniso, kanye nokuvezwa kwegunya okungaqondile.
I-Pompeii: Umlando kanye Nenganekwane Yedolobha LaseRoma
UVesuvius wakhukhula idolobha futhi wayingcwaba le nganekwane. Ngombono wanamuhla ophazamisayo wokuthi izintaba-mlilo zisekhona, zilindele ukuphinda zithathe amazwe amasha, ukuvela kwePompeii kuba okumangalisa kakhulu, kwabantu. Futhi inganekwane ikhula mayelana nedolobha elingase lijeziswe yibo kanye onkulunkulu, elivutha udaka olushisayo.
Incwadi yakhe inezinjongo ezimbili. Okokuqala, ukwakha kabusha ukuthi impilo yayinjani ePompeii: imisebenzi yansuku zonke yezakhamuzi zakhona, uhulumeni wedolobha, ubumnandi bomzimba (ukudla, iwayini, ubulili kanye nokugeza), ukuzijabulisa nemidlalo, inkolo ...
Kodwa futhi, okwesibili, ukulwa nezinganekwane eziye zanqwabelana ngomlando wayo, kuqala ngokuhlanzeka okungabazekayo kwezindlu zokugezela noma inombolo eyinganekwane yezifebe futhi kuphele ngeqiniso lenhlekelele, esinikeza umbono ohluke kakhulu kune inganekwane. UMary Beard ufinyelela konke lokhu embhalweni othakazelisayo, oletha ekuphileni okutholwe okungalindelekile nokuncane esikwaziyo ngezakhamuzi zakhona: umpristikazi u-Eumachia; Publio Casca, omunye wababulali bakaCésar; ama-gladiators, izithixo zamantombazane asePompeian ...
Ezinye Izincwadi Ezinconyiwe nguMary Beard
Umbusi waseRoma
Awusoze wahlanganisa ngokwanele ngaphandle kokudela okuthile. Uma ku-SPQR yonke into ibonakala iboshiwe futhi iboshwe kahle, kubonakala sengathi ngokubukeza amanothi, uMary Beard uthole imicu emisha ukuze aqhubeke nokuxoxa indaba enkulu njengeyaseRoma yombuso. Futhi-ke, ingxenye enkulu yalowo mlando isala ezandleni zamakhosi okuhlale kuthakazelisa ukuzama ukwazi ngisho nemininingwane emincane kakhulu.
Lawula ama-freaks, imilutha yokusebenza noma intsha eyonakele? Babenjani ngempela ababusi baseRoma?
Kule ncwadi entsha, umbhali ugxilisa ukunaka kwakhe kubabusi ababebusa uMbuso WaseRoma ukuze basinike inguqulo ecashile nenembe kakhudlwana yalezi zibalo zakudala ezikhazinyulisiwe. Kusukela kuJulius Caesar (owabulawa ngo-44 BC) kuya ku-Alexander Severus (owabulawa ngo-235 AD), edlula eCaligula, uNero osabekayo kanye nesazi sefilosofi uMarcus Aurelius, uMary Beard ulandelela izimpilo kanye nezinganekwane zababusi abakhulu bamaRoma futhi kuphakamisa okukhulu. imibuzo: Yimaphi amandla angempela amakhosi ayenawo?Ubani owayedonsa izintambo ngemva kwaso?Wabubuswa kanjani umbuso omkhulu kangaka?Ingabe izindonga zesigodlo zazingcoliswe igazi kangaka?
Ukuze asinikeze impendulo futhi asisondeze kancane eqinisweni lombuso, uMary Beard ulandela izinyathelo zombusi eduze: ekhaya nasezincingweni, ohambweni lwakhe ngisho nasendleleni eya ezulwini; Usethula kumakhosikazi akhe nezithandwa zakhe, izimbangi zakhe nezigqila, abaklolodelayo basenkantolo namasosha kanye nabantu abavamile abamnika izincwadi zokunxusa. Umbusi waseRoma usiyisa ngqo enhliziyweni yeRoma, kanye nemicabango yethu mayelana nokuthi kwakunjani ukuba umRoma, ngendaba engakaze ixoxelwe ngaphambili.
