Uhlobo lohlobo kukhona ama-symmetries athile phakathi kwezincwadi zesiNtaliyane kanye Spanish. Kuzoba yinto eyabiwe yaseMedithera, ye-idiosyncrasy ephindaphindwa ezinhlangothini zombili zogu olusentshonalanga ye-Mare Nostrum. Ukufana kuqondwa kangcono kusukela ekhulwini lama-XNUMX lapho i-symbiosis yezamasiko ithola indawo yokuhlala enkulu phakathi kwamareferensi avela kolunye uhlangothi kanye nolunye. Kusukela UVazquez Montalban noCamilleri baya kuJosé Luis Sampedro no-Italo Calvino.
Ababhali abaningi bathola ama-synergies amaningi noma angavamile nhlangothi zombili. Futhi ukuthi ukukholelwa ekuhlanganeni kuyindaba yokholo olukhulu. Ngakho-ke kumfundi onezithenjwa zeSpanishi ezitholakala phezulu, ungakwazi futhi ukujabulela ababalisi base-Italy ngakolunye uhlangothi lwesibuko.
Kwenzeka ngomculo nanoma yimuphi omunye ubuciko. Amathonya ahlala, okokuqala, lawo aphuma cishe ku-telluric, endaweni yendawo, esimweni sezulu ngisho nasekukhanyeni. Ngaphandle kwamathonya amukelekayo njalo adingekayo avela kwezinye izindawo, ubuciko bulondoloza idiosyncrasy njenge-sonata yangemuva enyakazisa noma yimuphi umsebenzi.
Ake siye lapho nalabo babhali base-Italy abahlengwe kule sayithi. Sengike ngaphawula ngayo izikhathi eziningi kodwa ngiyayikhumbula futhi, indawo yami yemvelo yikhulu lama-XNUMX nelama-XNUMX. Ukuze ugweme ukukhandwa ngamatshe kwakudala kakhulu kanye nama-purists asendaweni…
Ababhali Abaphezulu Abayi-10 Abanconyiwe
Umberto Echo
Isazi seminologist esiphikelelayo kuphela esingabhala amanoveli amabili afana neFoucault's Pendulum noma Isiqhingi Sosuku Olwandulelayo futhi singashabalali emzameni. Umberto Echo Wayazi kakhulu ngokuxhumana nezimpawu emlandweni wesintu, waze wagcina echithe ukuhlakanipha yonke indawo kulezi zincwadi ezimbili eziqanjiwe ekufinyeleleni ekugcineni kwencazelo yomuntu.
Ekuqaleni (futhi kubafundi abaningi ekugcineni), angabonakala engamanoveli aminyene kakhulu, lapho imfihlo ethokozisayo ezodalulwa itholakala khona kodwa leyo nqubekelaphambili ihamba kancane, imininingwane ehlolisisayo ephunyuka umfundi ovamile engenasithakazelo ekujuleni kwethiyori.
Manje njengoba lo mbhali esesishiyile, kungenzeka simkhumbule. Ifa lakhe selithathiwe Dan Brown o Javier Sierra ku-panorama kazwelonke, ukubala izindlalifa ezimbili ezifanelekile. Kepha, ngaphandle kokuphambukisa kukho, akekho noyedwa wababhali bamanje abayimfihlakalo onobungako bezinga lokuhlakanipha mayelana nezimanga ezinkulu ezisikhathazayo njengempucuko.
Umberto Eco ubuye wabhala indatshana yobuntu nefilosofiNjengoprofesa omuhle ayenguye. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ikhuluma ngezincwadi eziqanjiwe noma izihloko zangempela ezengeziwe, i-Eco yayihlale ikwazi ukujabulisa izigidi zabafundi. Futhi nali igugu lakho:
I-Italo Calvino
Inhlangano exabana kakhulu noma ubungcweti bombhali ngokuqinisekile iyinto ejwayelekile kunazo zonke. Ukuthola ukuthi ufuna ukutshela okuthile nokuthi kancane noma kancane uyazi ukuthi ungayisho kanjani kuyindlela eyiqiniso kunazo zonke yokuba ngumbhali. Konke okunye kubonakala kimi, kungabalulekile ngobuqotho. Muva nje ngibona uhlobo "lwezikole zokubhala" lwanda, njengoba umkhulu wami we-curmudgeon angathi: i-bitch, akukho okunye.
Konke lokhu kuza, noma kungenjalo kakhulu, ngeqiniso lokuthi omunye wabakhulu njengo I-Italo Calvino Iqinisekisa umkhawulo owenziwa ngumbhali, kepha uzenza yena. Akukho okunye okuzifundise ngokwengeziwe kunokuqala ukubhala nje ngoba. Uma ufuna izinsizakusebenza noma imibono, uma udinga ukwesekwa noma ukuqiniswa, zinikele kokunye.
Yebo ngisho kahle omunye wama-greats, u-Italo Calvino, akasoze acabanga ngokuba ngumbhali ngenkathi efundela ubunjiniyela, njengoyise. Ngemuva kwesikhashana, ngemuva kweMpi Yesibili Yomhlaba, wathola indawo yokuba yintatheli ethuthukisiwe ngasikhathi sinye lapho waba nentshisekelo khona ngeZincwadi.
Kukhona amaCalvinos amabili, ngisho amathathu noma amane (ikakhulukazi ngithatha owesibili). Ekuqaleni wayefuna ukuveza lelo qiniso elibuhlungu lempi nangemva kwempi. Into ejwayelekile ekukhanyeni kweqiniso elinyantisayo. Kepha eminyakeni eyalandela wayezothola indlela yakhe ephumelele kakhulu: iphupho, okuqanjiwe, okuhle ...
Kuze kube yilapho naye esekhathele kancane yilowo mkhuba omnandi futhi wagcina ngokuzibandakanya, okumele kube yilokho esisele nakho njengoba sisondela ekugcineni futhi sithole yonke inkohliso. Ukubuyela kwendatshana kanye nezenhlalo njengesimo sokufunda kwavala iminyaka yakhe yokubhala ngaphambi kwesifo esamqeda ngo-1985.
U-Andrea Camilleri
Umphathi wase-Italy U-Andrea Camilleri wayengomunye walabo babhali abagcwalise izinkulungwane zamakhasi ngenxa yokuxhaswa kwabafundi bakhe emhlabeni jikelele. Iqale ukuvela ngawo-90, iqiniso elibonisa ukuthi ukubekezela nokubhala umsebenzi wokuziphilisa njengesisekelo sempilo yabo ende ebaluleke kakhulu enwetshelwe kokumnyama kokumhlophe.
En omunye wemisebenzi yakhe yokugcina, Ungangithinti, U-Andrea uqhubeke nokukhombisa leyo ndawo yokwakheka kohlobo lwezinhlobo zamaphoyisa abamnyama noma esemdala. Ubuhle obuqeqeshwe kahle bubonakala buba nawe ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ukuhlelwa kwakhe okudala, lapho enza khona ngobuciko iziza zakhe ezimnyama, kuseSicily ejulile, kungaba sezikhaleni zangempela noma ezisunguliwe, kepha njalo kunalezo zimpande zesiqhingi esikhulu sase-Italy.
Lapha ngishiya omunye wemisebenzi yakhe ehluke kakhulu lapho uCamilleri efingqa amahlaya, ngokunambitheka okuthile kwe-saltpeter yaseMedithera, nokuboniswa kwaleso sipho esingenakuphikwa sokwakha iziza zokungabaza kalula nokucasulayo. Umsebenzi omncane wokufundisa wanoma yimuphi umbhali ozihloniphayo:
UClaudio Magris
Phakathi kwababhali abangomakadebona nabaziwayo base-Italy, kugqame a UClaudio Magris Usephenduke umbhali nomhlane wakho konke, naleyo layisensi iminyaka eyinika labo asebedlale amakota kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezimpi.
Lapho kungekho U-Andrea Camilleri wenza igunya eliphelele lokulandisa kwe-Italian, uMagris uqoqa i-trastros nakuba engabambi iqhaza ohlotsheni olufanayo. Ngoba umbuzo ezincwadini ukuthi kusaqondwa ukuthi omdala uhlakaniphe, njengakudala emandleni ...
Ngakho-ke ukubheka i-Magris bibliography kakade kuyisenzo sokuhlonipha. Ngisho nangokwengeziwe uma kutholakala ukuthi izici zayo ezingelona iqiniso nezingezona ezezinganekwane zivame ukuhlangana njengezinhlawulo ezondlana zodwa, ezakha umzila wezincwadi neqiniso, wobuhle obuhlelekile kodwa futhi nokuzibophezela.
UMagris ungomunye walabo babhali abashintshanisa imisebenzi yakhe njengoba kudingekile kwezinye izincwadi ezinokonga kakhulu kokuqukethwe kanye nokondleka okudlulayo. Nawu umsebenzi oyingqayizivele kaMagris:
U-Alessandro Baricco
izincwadi zamanje zesiNtaliyane zijabulela izinhlobonhlobo ezitusekayo kubabhali bazo abakhulu. Kusuka ku-a U-Erri De Luca ukuthi nanamuhla kunenqwaba yezincwadi ezigcwala ukuzwela kanye nemibono yoguquko, kuze kufike ku I-Camilleri engapheli endimeni yakhe njengombusi wencwadi yabaseshi nobugebengu ngisho omncane kunabo bonke njengo Savian, enengqondo ekujuleni komphakathi, I-Moccia endimeni yakhe njengendikimba yohlobo lwezothando noma ehehayo ULuca D'Andrea, isimo sakamuva semibhalo yaseYurophu.
Maphakathi nesizukulwane sithola i- U-Alessandro Baricco kabani I-Biblography isivele ithola ubukhulu obukhulu futhi okubhalwe kuye okuhlinzeka umehluko ohlelekile nongumxholo ongawuthanda kakhulu noma kancane, kepha lokho kugcina kukunikeze iphuzu lokwehlukanisa, ngophawu oluhlanganisa ngokushesha umsebenzi nomlobi ngoba nguye kuphela osondela ezindabeni zabo sengathi zingezika uhlobo lwazo. luzozama.
Kuyiqiniso ukuthi ngezinye izikhathi izincwadi zakhe zingaba "ukuhlola" kakhulu, kodwa kuyiqiniso futhi ukuthi amandla akhe okumangala aletha ubusha kanye nenhloso eyeqayo kusukela kusitayela, naphezu kwakho konke, okulula kuwo wonke umfundi. Nansi enye yezincwadi zika-Baricco ezihamba phambili:
Natalia Ginzberg
Isibongo uLevi sihlanganiswa ngokushesha e-Italy nomzabalazo olwa nama-fascist kusuka ezincwadini kuya kwezepolitiki. Kepha iqiniso yilokho Natalia Ginzberg (UNatalia Levi ngempela) akahlangene nakancane nabantu bakubo bangesikhathi esidlule, abangama-Italiya nabangamaJuda Umzala levi.
Futhi lokho kanye izincwadi zivuse ithuba labo lokuhlangana ngamathuba ngesinye isikhathi. Kepha ekugcineni akubalulekile. Akuzange kube khona nhlansi futhi kuyaziwa nokuthi uNatalia wenqaba eminye yemisebenzi yakhe ngenkathi esebenza endaweni yokushicilela i-Einaudi.
Ngakho-ke ngamunye walandela umsebenzi wakhe nempilo yakhe. Imiqondo yomsebenzi wokuphila nokubhala okwaba yinto engaqhekeki (njengomlando nokuzibophezela okuvela kwisikhalazo) ezikhathini ezinzima bobabili okwakudingeka baphile kusukela ebusheni babo.
Ngomthwalo wezikhathi ezinzima, uNatalia waba uhlobo lomlobi wobufakazi namuhla obukeka njengezincwadi zobugebengu. Ukufundwa kwehluke kakhulu kunalokho okwakusenzelwa ukufuna ukuzwelana nentando yokunqoba okubi ngokukuqhathanisa nesibuyekezo samanje.
Ngoba manje, ukufunda uNatalia kuvusa lowomuzwa wokungajwayelekile ekusondelaneni okungenakuqondakala nezilo ezingahlala kithi njengabantu. Okwamanje, ngasikhathi sinye noma kwesinye, ukunqoba kubhekwa njengekhono elingenakuphikwa lomuntu, njalo.
U-Erri de Luca
Mhlawumbe uma ukuqondana kokuzikhethela kunqume ngendlela enqumayo umsebenzi wobuciko wababhali abaningi abasebenzisanayo, ngenjabulo noma ngolwazi oluncane, kumathrendi amanje.
Iqiniso ukuthi namuhla ababalisi ababili abavela ngeminyaka yama-50, izikhombisi zokulandisa kwase-Italiya njenge U-Alessandro Baricco y U-Erri de Luca zibukeka njengeqanda ku-chestnut. Futhi ngobuqotho kuyinto okufanele sibongwe ngayo ukuthi okwamanje wonke umuntu ugcina ngokudala, ukudweba, ukuqamba umculo noma ukubhala, mayelana nokuthi bafuna kanjani.
U-Erri De Luca omdala uligcinile lelo phuzu lomculo elihlobisa njengokuthinta okuqedile ubukhulu bezinto ezincane, kokugxila kokufunda okuhluka njengokucindezela ukusondeza ukubona izandla ezicindezelayo noma isenzo esifanayo maphakathi nokukhulu isivunguvungu, esivela emafwini amnyama asinciphise isibalo salabo bantu ababili ababhekene.
Umsebenzi ka-Erri wokubhala awukona ukuthi kwakuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu. Kodwa ekuhwebeni kombhali, ngezinye izikhathi kuba khona kanye ukuthi, ukuqoqa okuhlangenwe nakho, ukuzinikela kweminye imisebenzi ukuze ugcine unikeza ukholo ingemuva lalokho okuye kwaphila kanye nemibono kukho konke okubonwayo, okujatshulelwayo, okuqondwayo noma okuqalekisiweyo. Nansi eminye yemisebenzi yakhe emihle kakhulu:
USusanna Tamaro
Kukhona uhlobo oluthile lwesi-Italian UTamaro. Kunjengokungathi okuqanjiwe okutholwe kulo mbhali isikhala esisha esikhona phakathi kwezinto ezingokoqobo eziseduze nezinyawo zethu kanye nengokomoya elenziwa iphupho, izifiso, izinkumbulo, amathemba. Kulelo bhalansi phakathi komculo nesenzo, noma iyiphi inoveli yalo mbhali ifinyelela kulelo banga kuphela ekutholakaleni kwakhe konke, njengezwe elisha.
Ngephuzu elihle kakhulu kwesinye isikhathi, ngogqozi lwalo mhlawumbe oluvela kufayela le- I-Italo Calvino umsunguli wezindaba ezimfushane, uhla lwezincwadi lukaSusanna olucacile selusiholela kuleso sikhashana ezincwadini eza kangcono nokuphumula ukuthola ama-nuances.
Iphuzu ukuqala ngesifiso esidingekayo futhi ekugcineni uthathe lelo phuzu lombhali ohlukile ohlebela izindaba zakhe ezihamba phakathi kwemimoya ethambile yasehlobo, njengemisinga yokuncibilika noma imiculo ephumuzayo, ehlala ezungeze uthando, impilo, ukufa nomphefumulo, yebo kunjalo ukuthi ingaba, yenziwa izincwadi ezilula.
U-Elena Ferrante
Kwabaningi akunakuphikiswa, kuze kube semikhawulweni yonke, ukuthi umuntu ofinyelela udumo lomsebenzi wakhe akafuni ukwaziwa, afake ukhaphethi obomvu, enze izingxoxo, abe khona kwi-posh galas ... Kepha kukhona icala U-Elena Ferrante, igama-mbumbulu eligcina enye yezinganekwane ezinhle zokubhalwa kwezinsuku zethu.
Kumbhali (olunye ucwaningo lwamakhredithi aphansi lubeka igama langempela ekugcineni lilahliwe), lokhu kufihlwa okuphelele kufeza imbangela yokulandisa ngaphandle kokucabanga okuncane noma isivumelwano. Noma ngubani othatha izilawuli zikaFerrante uyakujabulela ukuba ngumdali ongenazo izakhiwo noma ama-nuances, ngaphandle kwalapho ukuzithiba (okungaphezulu noma okugxile kumbhali ngamunye) phakathi kukanembeza nombono womphumela walokho okubhaliwe.
Sekuvele kuneminyaka eminingi lapho UFerrante ubelokhu ebhala izincwadi. Futhi into efisa ukwazi kakhulu ngecala lakhe ukuthi kancane kancane ilukuluku lakhe liye lasulwa ngokubaluleka kwamanoveli akhe. Kusekhona labo abazibuza ngezikhathi ezithile ukuthi Ngubani u-Elena Ferrante? Kepha abafundi sebejwayele ngokuphelele ukungabeki ubuso kunoma ngubani obhala ngakolunye uhlangothi.
Vele, asikwazi ukukhipha ukuthi ngemuva kwale nqubo yokuhlela eyindida uhlobo oluthile lwecebo alufihliwe ngalo ukuvusa ilukuluku ... Uma kunjalo, makungadukiswa muntu, okubalulekile ukuthi amanoveli kaFerrante mahle. Futhi ukufunda kahle akukaze kube yinkohliso.
Futhi ngakho-ke umlingo obulokhu ufune njalo ekugcineni ukhiqizwa UFerrante njengomuntu noma iphrojekthi yeFerrante. Ukusondelana futhi ngasikhathi sinye ukulandisa okumnandi kakhulu kusibeka phambi kwezithombe ezingokoqobo zokuphila, ngokubhekisisa isimo sekhulu lama-XNUMX lapho umbhali abonakala sengathi akweleta okuthile, noma lapho okuthile bekungalahleka khona. Izindaba cishe njalo ezimayelana nabesifazane, protagonists zothando, ukuphuka kwenhliziyo, izinkanuko, ukuhlanya nokulwa.
UMaurizio de Giovanni
El i-italiya yase-Italy, ngakho-ke ngokuhambisana neSpanishi emsuka waso wesiLatini enezintaba eziqondiswe ekonakaleni kanye nama-mafia afakwe kuwo wonke amazinga, uyohlale uphuthelwa isibalo esifana I-Camilleri.
Nokho, sibonga umbhali like UMaurizio de Giovanni, lokho kunambitheka kwezincwadi zobugebengu kusazoqhubeka nokusebenza esicini salo sophenyo lwamaphoyisa, ngaphansi kophawu lwalo oluthile, agcina lawo maphethini abalobi abakhulu bamaphoyisa bengxenye yesibili yekhulu lama-XNUMX.
Ngalowo mphumela wokungena kuyo yonke imikhakha yezenhlalo nezombusazwe ekukhohlakaleni okungaholela ezenzweni zobugebengu, u-de Giovanni futhi usethula kubalingiswa bakhe bezinyanga ethi inoveli ngemva kwenoveli isethulela umhlaba ongaphansi lapho iqiniso liqiniswa khona. Cishe njalo ngesiteji saseNaples, idolobha eligcwele izintelezi eziningi njengezinganekwane nomlando omnyama.
Izikhala okwabelwana ngazo kuzo zonke izinhlaka zomphakathi lapho izifiso, izinkanuko, isifiso sanoma yisiphi isabelo samandla nokukhaphela kuvame ukuvela ngezikhathi ezithile nomthwalo wazo wokufana oluhlaza namarekhodi wangempela avame ukuba nezindaba. uma izinto zingahambi kahle.
Akuwona wonke umkhiqizo wakhe wamanoveli ofinyelele ezweni lakithi. Kodwa zonke izindaba ezintsha ezifikayo ziyamqinisekisa njengombhali obalulekile kubathandi bamaphoyisa ngaleyo nambitha eqinile evusa imizwa ejulile.
Amazwana angu-1 kokuthi "Ababhali abayi-10 abahamba phambili base-Italy"