Enye yezindlela ezinhle zokulandisa ngeSpanishi kanye I-México noma i-Argentina. Kusuka e-Chile sithola inqwaba yababhali ababonisa i-homeland bibliography yama-carat amaningi. Kungaba njalo kuphela ezweni eligcwele ukungafani kwezindawo. Kusukela ogwadule oluthakazelisayo lwe-Atacama, olukwazi ukuchuma lapho isikhathi esifanele; edolobheni elikhulu laseSantiago phakathi kwezintaba zalo; eziqiwini zayo kazwelonke nasezindaweni eziseningizimu ezinemibono yokuphela komhlaba.
Ukuqhathanisa nakho okuthakaselwayo endaweni yakhe yokulandisa. Izikhwili zemvelo ehluke kakhulu zokwanelisa abafundi abafuna ngamandla. Ukusuka emisebenzini engaboli kuya kumarejista amasha ohlotsheni olusabalele lwe-noir kanye nokungena ku-avant-garde yazo zonke izinhlobo.
Uhlu lwababhali abalethwe lapha, kusukela phakathi kwekhulu lama-XNUMX namanje, lunganwetshwa nakwabanye abaningi. Kepha yikho okufanele kuqiniswe ngesikhundla, kuhlale kukhona labo abashiywe ngaphandle ekwazisweni nje kwejaji elisemsebenzini.
Isibonelo, uNeruda ushiywe ngaphandle ngoba izinkondlo akuyona into yami. Ukulahla okuwumthwalo abaningi abangeke bangixolele, kodwa kuyikho. Lapha sihlala kusuka kuphrozi. Noma kunjalo, ekugcineni futhi ngokomfanekiso, Ngilushiyile uhlu 9 ababhali abakhulu Chilean. Isihlalo esingenalutho sikaNeruda, esinye sezinkulu uma kwenzeka ngelinye ilanga ngike ngibe nesonkondlo.
Ababhali abaphezulu abayi-10 abanconyiwe baseChile
Isabel Allende
Umbhali waseChile Isabel Allende uphatha njengoba efuna esinye sezimfanelo ezinhle noma izipho umlobi ngamunye alangazelela ukuzizuza kuwo wonke umsebenzi wakhe: uzwela. Izinhlamvu ze Isabel Allende ziyizithombe ezicacile kusukela ngaphakathi kuya ngaphandle. Sixhumana nabo bonke abavela emphefumulweni. Futhi ukusuka lapho, kusuka kwisithangami sangaphakathi esizimele, sicabanga ngomhlaba ngaphansi kwe-prism umbhali anentshisekelo ekuboniseni ukuthi ukholisa ngokwengeziwe, uzwela ngokwengeziwe noma ubucayi nakakhulu uma ethinta ...
Ngakho-ke, mngane, uyaxwayiswa. Ukuzibeka ekufundeni noma imaphi amanoveli endlovukazi yezinhlamvu ngeSpanishi kuzosho ukuguquka, i-osmosis, ukulingiswa okuya kwezinye izimpilo, lezo zabalingiswa kumanoveli akhe. Kwenzeka kanjena, uqala ngokubalalela behamba eduze kwakho, bese uqaphela ukuthi baphefumula kanjani, ugcina usuqonda iphunga labo futhi ubona ukuthinta kwabo. Ekugcineni ugcina ungaphakathi kwesikhumba sabo bese uqala ukubaphilela.
Ngamafuphi, lokho ukuzwelana, ukufunda ukubona ngamehlo ehlukile. Futhi njengoba ngihlale ngisho, lokhu kungenye yamagugu amakhulu emibhalweni. Akuwona umbuzo wokuzikholelwa ukuthi uhlakaniphile, kepha owokwazi ukuqonda abanye. Hlukanisa izingqikithi zobunye ku umsebenzi we Isabel AllendeNgicabanga ukuthi akukho engingakusho.
URoberto Bolaño
UNeruda wayeyimbongi kuphela. Kodwa umngane wakhe uRoberto Bolaño ungesinye sezibonelo ezicacile zokuzibophezela ezincwadini kuzo zonke izici zayo. Futhi yilapho inhlekelele yesifo esingenakulungiseka ilenga phezu kwakhe yilapho ephikelela khona kakhulu ekubhaleni. Iminyaka eyishumi yokugcina (iminyaka engu-10 yokulwa nesifo sakhe) yayisho ukuzinikela ngokuphelele ezincwadini.
Yize iqiniso ukuthi umfana onjengoBolaño bekungafanele akhombise lelo zinga lokuzibophezela okubalulekile ezincwadini. Umsunguli we infrarealism, lolo hlobo lwe-surrealism lwahlehliswa futhi lwadluliselwa ezincwadini ze-Hispanic, wabhala izinkondlo ezinkulu, ezinamanoveli ama-novelistic incursions ezazuza ukubaluleka njengoba ekhetha i-prose. Lena yindlela i-Bolaño eyayizivumelanisa ngayo njenge-totem ephikisana namasiko enamanoveli achazwe ezinhlotsheni ezijwayelekile zezinganekwane, kodwa eqhuma ngaphakathi nge-asidi nama-tints abucayi asihlasela ngeqiniso elimangalisayo.
UJose Donoso
Izincwadi zaseChile zitholakala ku UJose Donoso kumlandisi wayo ongaphezu kwemvelo wekhulu lama-XNUMX. Hhayi kakhulu ngomqondo wempumelelo elandisayo, nayo ngokwengxenye nakuba ingaphansi Isabel Allende, kodwa ngenxa yobubanzi obukhona bamanoveli akhe. U-Donoso umuntu wakubo I-Skarmeta wayetuswa unembeza wakhe omkhulu emphakathini.
Ukunambitheka kobumnandi bokubhala kufingqa ngokuqondile lokho u-Donoso ahlongoza kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lwezinhlobo azidlalile. Ngoba umbuzo uwukusenza sicwilise abalingiswa bakhe, sihlale sipeletekile esakhiweni sibe sijabulela leyo nkokhelo ehambisanayo, ecacile, ejabulisayo yokujula kobuhlakani.
Yonke into isihlasela ngobuhlakani nobufushane obusemthethweni, ngalokho kuhlanganiswa kwe-virtuoso yezinhlamvu. Bese kuba nokunambitheka okubabayo kokukhona okwenziwe ama-nuances kusuka ekulahlekelweni, ukudabuka kwenhliziyo, ukudangala, nakuba konke lokhu kunxeshezelwa ngamazwi ashubile, amnandi kakhulu futhi anemibalabala. Ibhalansila kuphela ekuphakameni kwezihlakaniphi ezifana no-Donoso ezinemiphefumulo ekwazi ukugcina nokuhumusha lonke uhla lwemibono engenzeka yokuphila.
U-Antonio Skarmeta
Ngale kwetimu nenhloso yokulandisa, ukuqondana kwesizukulwane phakathi kwababhali baseChile Isabel Allende y U-Antonio Skármeta yenza izincwadi zesi-Chile zibe enye yezindawo eziqine kakhulu zamanje zemibhalo yaseLatin America.
Uma futhi sicabangela ukuqagela kwe-cinematographic yeminye yemisebenzi yakhe emikhulu, sibheka i-parallel bibliography eyabelana, mhlawumbe ngokuvumelana kwesizukulwane, ukubuyekezwa kwezenhlalo, inhloso emangalisayo kanye nesenzo esidluliselwa kusuka kubalingiswa abacacile kakhulu. Akukho ongakubona ngesitayela sokugcina kodwa okunye okwenzekayo ngemuva.
Endabeni U-Skármeta, ukunambitheka kwakhe kwe-cinema kudlulela ekubhaleni imibhalo, futhi efafaza ukukhiqizwa kwenoveli elayishwe ngalobo buntu be-intrahistories kuzilungiselelo ezihlukene njengeminyaka ehlukene yomuntu nokutholwa kwakhe kanye nokukhungatheka, kwesithombe senhlalo nomthwalo waso obucayi noma intando yawo yokuveza ukuphikisana nokungaqondi kahle komuntu ngamunye ekuziphatheni jikelele.
Mhlawumbe yile ndlela azama ngayo ukuhlanganisa okungenakulinganiswa, ngoba kumanoveli amaningi amahle noma kwezinye zezenzo zakhe zokungena kuma-cinema, ukwazisa kungase kube umsebenzi oyize. Indaba ngayinye iwukuhlangana nokubalulekile, ngalobo bunqunu okufanele wonke umbhali afune ukuvusa onembeza, ukuze afinyelele kulelo culo elidumile.
Ukunambitheka kwemibhalo kanye ne-cinematographic kanye nokuqagela kwe I-Skarmeta futhi bakhona kakhulu emisebenzini yakhe. Futhi i-Neruda iba yinto ephindaphindayo kulesi sici, umlingiswa nomsebenzi obuye wabuyekezwa ngobuqotho ekudalweni okubanzi kwe-Skármeta.
Kodwa kungakhathaliseki ukuthi iyiphi le mininingwane, noma imaphi amanoveli akhe analokho kunambitheka kobucwebe obuzimele, bendalo elayishwe ngokugxilile futhi yehlulwe isifiso sokukhuluma okuthile okusha, ukuhlolisisa abalingiswa abakwazi ukudlulisa izingqikithi ezihlotshiswe ngamafomu kanye nesitayela esingaqondakali.
UMarcela Serrano
Izincwadi zamanje zesi-Chile zifingqa phakathi Isabel Allende (ekhuphuka njalo) futhi UMarcela Serrano (ngayinye inezintshisakalo nezitayela zabo zokulandisa) izinzuzo zabathengisa kakhulu ngezinsalela zamanoveli amakhulu. Futhi yilokho konke okwenziwe ebunzimeni besifazane kungavulelwa ezilinganisweni ezithakazelisayo ezanelisa abafundi abafuna kakhulu.
Endabeni ethile ka-Marcela, kanye neminyaka engaba ngu-30 yobungcweti, incwadi yakhe yezincwadi ihlanganisa i-mosaic ecebile yokuhlola lapho umlingisi ngamunye enikela ngezibani zakhe nezithunzi, ububanzi bemibala abona kuyo umhlaba yiqiniso ngokubonakala kwabesifazane lapho bedlala.
Kuwubuciko ukuqamba iziza ezibukhoma ngalelo banga elifanayo lemininingwane kuma-protagonists. Kepha U-Marcela Serrano uyakufeza ngoba konke kungokwemvelo futhi kuhlangene, futhi lokho kusho ukungajikijeli ekufuneni izambulo ezingokwengqondo noma zezenhlalo, ngoba lokho kufanele kuhlale kungumsebenzi womfundi othanda ukuhlala kakhulu esigcawini ngasinye.
Ngakho-ke ukufunda uMarcela Serrano yilokho kuzidela okuseduze. Cishe uhambo olwenziwe ngomphefumulo. Uhambo lapho sihlangana khona nabalingiswa futhi okusiholela ekubuyekezweni akuvamile ukuthi kube nobuntu, kusuka kuphrozi ekhazimulayo njengoba inamandla.
UCarla guelfenbein
Iqhinga likaCarla, kanye nalabaningi abagcina bengababhali abaphambili, kukhona okuthokozisayo abangakuhlenga emishinini yeqiniso nokwazi ukuthi kukhulunywa kanjani ngenganekwane. Ngaso sonke isikhathi ngalokho kwakhiwa okucophelelayo kwababhali bamaqiniso, abakwazi ukunikeza izibuko zezinsuku zethu ukuze wonke umfundi akwazi ukucabangela ukulingisa okubalulekile.
Ngaphezu kwakho konke ngoba ubuqiniso bukaCarla buvela emibonweni eqoqwe ngumphefumulo wabalingiswa bakhe, kusuka kumkhathi ongenamkhawulo wezinhlamvu ezihehayo ekujuleni kwabo, emithwalweni yabo ebalulekile, kwifilosofi yabo yokuphila.
Ukwakha ngobunono balowo mkhandi wegolide, konke okunye kuvuleka nge-cadence yemvelo neyesabekayo efinyelela kithi lapho sizwa ukuthi siphila ngaphansi kwesikhumba esisha. Uthando, ukungabi bikho, ukuphikisana noma ithemba ngakho-ke kukhipha iphunga futhi kuphinde kudlulise ama-flavour, ama-nuances angokomoya, ngokungapheleli nokungafani phakathi kokucabanga nalokho esingakubamba emphefumulweni.
U-Alberto fuguet
Lapho othile ebuza ukuthi kungani ubhala? Ungazama ukunikeza impendulo enembile ngokusebenzisa eminye imisebenzi enjengokuthi "Njengoba ngibhala" ngo Stephen King noma i- "Kungani ngibhala" nge UJavier Romeo. Noma ungavele usebenzise isu le-titanic le- U-Alberto fuguet. Lowo empendulo ngayinye uthi "ngoba", isizathu lapho izinto ezinkulu zibhekene nazo.
Hhayi ngeze uFuguet ubhala konke ngombono ophelele wokulandisa. Izincwadi ezingamabali nje aqanjiwe njengoba zisekelwe kokuyiqiniso komlando, noma ekuzulazuleni kwendatshana noma ekuphenyweni kwezingqikithi zomlando ... Yilokho ukubhala. Umbhali nguyena oqala ukulandisa ngenhloso yodwa yokususa leyo ndaba, noma lolo phenyo noma lowo mqondo ongayeki ukushaya iminyango yomcabango.
Ngakho-ke akulula ukuthi uFuguet agxile kumanoveli akhe amahle kakhulu noma ezindabeni zakhe ezinhle kakhulu. Ama-zigzags ama-scoundrel kakhulu okudideka. Ngoba kunesikhala phakathi kweqiniso nenganekwane esihlala kuso sonke. Lapho lapho imibundu inenkungu lapho izindaba zeFuguet zisibamba futhi zisinqobe ngomsebenzi wabo wokwenza izincwadi zakho konke.
U-Alejandro Zambra
Kumelwe kube yindaba yokubuka kwakhe okuqondile kwePacific Ocean, lolo luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka olukhulu lapho umuntu angasusa khona inkumbulo kanye nesikhathi esedlule. Iphuzu ukuthi idlanzana elihle labaxoxi bezindaba bakamuva baseChile banelungelo elikhethekile lokubhekana nokulandisa okujulile. Kusukela kakade wanyamalala futhi mythologized URoberto Bolaño up U-Alejandro Zambra edabula izinkondlo ze UNicanor Parra noma ukulandisa okudume kakhulu kwe Isabel Allende.
Impela, ukuhlanganisa kuwukuqunga isibindi ngisho nokuthatha umsuka wabadali abasemsebenzini. Ngoba kuyaphikisana ukubhapathiza njengamanje lokho umuntu ngamunye akubhalayo ngenjongo yokukhipha imimoya noma ukufuna ama-placebos abo. Kodwa isizathu sethu sinjalo, sijwayele amalebula anezixazululo ezinzima. Okuthile okuhluke kakhulu ukuthi, ukwabelana nge-idiosyncrasy, izindinganiso zokuziphatha, izimo zomphakathi kanye nethonya lendawo njengokumangalisa njengokudweba kweChile njengogu lwasePacific ukusuka enyakatho kuya eningizimu, okuthile kugcina kwabelwana ngakho kuleso sisusa sokuqala ...
Ukuthola u-Alejandro Zambra kuwukuqamba kabusha embonweni wakhe oyinkondlo awuzuzwe ku-Parra ngokwakhe ukuze avumele ingoma igcine isithwe yi-prose elimazayo. Phakathi nale nqubo yolimi olulodwa, abalingiswa abasinda ekuhlotshisweni okukhazimulayo kanye nokuthotshiswa okunonya kwamaqiniso ngaphandle kokunaka. Izenzo azikhululekile ekuchazeni okubucayi kwezenhlalo, zokuziphatha kanye nezepolitiki. Into ethi phela imbongi igcine isigadla ngephrozi lapho isivele ikhumule yonke inhlobo yamaqiniso.
UPablo Simonetti
Izindaba zika-Pablo Simonetti ziyizivumo ezifihliwe zabalingisi abathola umelaphi kithi. Kuphela ukuthi umfundi ugcina ecabangisisa ngesakhiwo esihambisanayo kusukela ekuzweleni okungenakugwemeka okucwilisa yonke into emsebenzini USimonetti.
ukusondelana ngalobo buhlakani bomuntu obeka engcupheni izici zokukhumula abalingisi bakhe ezigcina zikhuluma nathi sonke. I-placebo iphikisana nomunye umbono ongasho lutho wezincwadi. Ukuzibophezela ezincwadini njengomzila wezifundo zobuntu. Futhi akukhona ukuthi emzamweni "wokunikeza isithunzi" inoveli, lo mbhali ukhohlwa ingqikithi yokuzijabulisa etholakala kulolu hlobo lokufunda. Kunalokho, imayelana nokuphelelisa isenzo nokuzindla. Ibhalansi ephelele.
I-Introspection kanye nokuhlaziya impilo nalokho okuye kwaphilwa. Kodwa futhi nentuthuko esikiselayo mayelana nalezo zindlela ezidlulele kakhulu. I-adventure iyimpilo noma mhlawumbe umsebenzi osesiteji ngokuthinta ukuthuthukiswa wonke umuntu anakho ekungeneleleni kwakhe phambi kwezithameli zabo. Izimanga ezihehayo ngokusho kwabalingiswa ababalulekile, okuvamise ukuzungeza kubo itulo, izehlakalo kanye nemibono yomhlaba kuye ngokuthi zibhekane nesikhathi esingakanani. I-subjective njenge-mosaic ecebile lapho umbala kodwa futhi iphunga ngisho nokuthinta kubonakala kuza kithi kusuka ephepheni.