Ukukhuluma ngababhali besiNgisi abahamba phambili, ama-Welsh angcono kakhulu, ama-Scots angcono kakhulu kanye nabangcono kakhulu abavela eNyakatho ye-Ireland kuzobandakanya okufakiwe oku-4 okuzimele okuthi, ukuba ne-United Kingdom kuhileleke, kungenziwa kube lula kakhulu, ngale kwezingxabano ezingaba khona phakathi kwezizwe ezakha lo mbuso. .
Ngoba ngaphezu kokukodwa noma okunye, izinkomba zesiko zibonakala kakhulu eziqhingini eziseduze lapho ama-symmetries anda khona futhi ubudlelwano bezenhlalo nobuntu busondelana. Ingasaphathwa, yebo, indawo, isimo sezulu nezinye izici eziningi ezithonya imprint yokudala yanoma yimuphi umbhali.
Kusukela eNgilandi, eScotland, eWales noma eNyakatho Ireland, izimpaphe ezinkulu ezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobo zomculo ziye zafika futhi ziyaqhubeka ukuza kithi. Ukudala ezinkungu zaseNorth Seas. Ugqozi oluvuse uhlobo lwamaphoyisa kanjalo kodwa olubuye lubonakale nakwamanye amasu amaningi...
Ababhali BaseBrithani Abaphezulu Abayi-10 Abanconyiwe
Agatha Christie
Kukhona izingqondo ezinelungelo lokukwazi ukucela iziza eziyinkulungwane nesisodwa ngemfihlakalo yazo ehambisanayo ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa noma ukuguga. Akunakuphikwa ukukhomba Agatha Christie njengendlovukazi yohlobo lomseshi, leyo eyayizophuma kamuva amanoveli amnyama, ama-thriller nabanye. Kuncane okungashiwo ngalo mbhali ngaphandle kwezincomo eziqinile zokufunda kwakhe.
Uyedwa, futhi ngaphandle kosizo olukhulu lwayo yonke imininingwane egeleza namuhla kunethiwekhi, yakhiwe cishe amanoveli ayi-100 ngama-enigmas amaningi enziwe atholakalela izinhlamvu zomhlaba wonke ezinjengoMiss Marple noma iHercule Poirot engenakuqhathaniswa. Amanoveli wamaphoyisa athambekele ekubeni nemfihlakalo kanye nezimpicabadala. Izindaba ezidlalwa lapha nalaphaya, ngenxa yolwazi lwakhe lwezingxenye eziningi zomhlaba ngohambo lwakhe.
Arthur Conan Doyle
Kwesinye isikhathi umlingiswa wezemibhalo udlula owakhe umbhali. Kwenzeka ezimweni ezimbalwa, lezo lapho umcabango odumile wamukela lo mlingiswa njengesethenjwa esiyisisekelo, kungakhathalekile ukuthi uyiqhawe noma ulwa neqhawe. Futhi leso simo saziwa ngokuthambeka esimweni se U-Arthur Conan Doyle no-Sherlock Holmes. Nginesiqiniseko sokuthi ukuhlambalaza okubhaliwe kuyakubona okuhle kukaHolmes ngaphandle kokukhumbula umdali wakhe. Kungumlingo wezincwadi, ukungafi komsebenzi ...
Enye inkomba ephawulekayo ka-Arthur Conan Doyle ngungoti wakhe wezokwelapha. Endabeni yeSpain, abanye ababhali abanjengoPio Baroja bafika ezincwadini njengodokotela, okufanekisela ukuhlangana kwezincwadi nesayensi. Kepha into enelukuluku lokwazi ukuthi udaba lwababhali bezokwelapha akuyona into ehlukile, ngoba EChekhov up Michael Crichton, odokotela abaningi bagcine sebegxumela ezincwadini njengenye indlela yokugxilisa izithakazelo nezinto ezibakhathazayo. Lapha ngezansi unephekhi elithokozisayo lenguqulo yakamuva...
Ukugxila kuConan Doyle, iqiniso ukuthi lakhe USherlock Holmes ungudokotela ohlola iqiniso ukuze athole ukuxazululwa kobugebengu, njengokuqala kwe-CSI yekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalolunye. USherlock Holmes wabanjwa ngabafundi besikhathi sakhe (futhi ngokwengxenye uyaqhubeka nokwenza kanjalo nanamuhla) ngenxa yokuhlangana phakathi kwezithunzi ze-esoteric kanye nezibani zokucabanga, njenge-dichotomy yangempela yezwe elivelela ubungcweti nesayensi kepha namanje kugcina ukuxhumana nokufihlwa kwezikhathi zangaphambili zobuntu.
Kulelo bhalansi phakathi kokuhle nokubi, kuleso sikhala sokuhlalisana phakathi kweqiniso nefantasy, Arthur Conan Doyle ubeyazi indlela yokwakha umlingiswa ozosinda sonke isikhathi, afinyelele namuhla njengomunye wabalingiswa abakhunjulwa kakhulu futhi abakhiqizwa kabusha emlandweni wezwe. Okuyisisekelo, Watson othandekayo ...
Jane Austen
Ukwazi ngokujula kukaJane Austen, akukho okungcono kunalokhu kuhlanganiswa okuthakazelisa kwezincwadi zakhe. Eminye imijondolo ebeka emzabalazweni wakhe nentando yakhe eqinile, nangaphezu kwezincwadi zakhe:
Futhi sengivele ngigxile empilweni nasemsebenzini we Jane AustenHhayi ngokuthonya kabusha izingqinamba ezithile kugcina kugcwalisa ubufakazi. Ngoba ukuba ngowesifazane nombhali kuyinto ejwayelekile namuhla, kuze kufike ezingeni lokuthi kungabonakala kungahambisani nokucabanga ngenye indlela. Kepha emuva phakathi kwekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalombili neshumi nesishiyagalolunye, ikhono lowesifazane lokubhala izincwadi lalizothathwa njengokulinganiselwa kumlando wamasiko noma kuhlobo oluthile lwendaba epinki engabalulekile. Ngaphandle kokubonakala ukuthi abesifazane abaningi bayabhala ...
Icala likaJane Austen lalingenye indawo yokuqhekeka kwedamu lokuziphatha lesilisa lapho kubhekene nokuphazanyiswa kwengqondo. Mhlawumbe bekungekho kangako eminyakeni yakhe yokuphila futhi mhlawumbe futhi bekungekho ngenxa yekhefu elingalindelekile lefomu nasezihlokweni, kepha bekungukuqashelwa okwalandela okwalandela kanye nekhwalithi yalo engenakuphikwa eyakhiwe ezimweni ezingalingani.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele kubhekwe ukuthi ngenxa yokwesekwa umndeni, induduzo ethile yezomnotho nokwamukelwa okuthandwayo, uJane ukwazile ukubhala izindaba ezahlukahlukene namanoveli. Futhi ngakho-ke uJane ukwazile ukushiya isibonelo esihle samandla akhe okungena umabhebhana cishe umlingo, ubukhona ngesinye isikhathi, ohlale egxeka futhi edlula kuleyo njongo yokuveza izinto ezibekiwe, eziqinisekisiwe, ezidingekayo ohlelweni lwemigomo.
Futhi ngaphandle kwalokhu, ngaphandle kwenhloso yokuqwashisa uJane, waqhubeka nomsebenzi wakhe ngaphandle kwesithiyo ohlelweni lwezinzalamizi olwalungathola leso sifiso sokuvusa onembeza. Isizinda sothando, obekufanele siqondwe njengenhloso yalowo wesifazane owabhala, sasizothokozisa ongqondongqondo bangaleso sikhathi, siqiniseke ukuthi bafunda amanoveli othando ...
Ken Follett
ngale kokukodwa Izinsika ze-Earth trilogy okwamenza waziwa emhlabeni wonke, ejula umsebenzi wokubhala kaKen Follett Kusho ukuthola umlobi onezici eziningi, okwazi ukweqa izinhlobo zohlobo olulodwa lwe-solvency. Ngaso sonke isikhathi unekhono elifanayo lokubamba umfundi ngeziza ezinkulu ezelukwe ngobuciko ngezinhlamvu zalo ezicacile. Konke lokhu ngolwazi olukhulu lwendaba asethula kuyo.
UFollett uqobo wayevele ekuchazile kwinhlolokhono. Imidwebo, amabhodi amnyama nezinkomba ngaphambi kokuqala ukubhala nangesikhathi sokubhala uqobo. Akukhona ukuthi kubonakala kimi kuyindlela enhle kunazo zonke, kepha iqiniso yilokho UFollett konke kuhlelwe kahle ukuze angahluleki. Ngokuqinisekile ngeke ube namanoveli angaqediwe afihliwe ekhabetheni lakho. Umfana oyimodeli yemisebenzi eyakhiwe ngokungenaphutha. Umona onempilo engxenyeni engithinta njengombhali okhungathekile njengoba ekwazi ukubambelela entweni ehleleke ngasikhathi sinye abalingiswa bakhe babonakala bengokwemvelo, bengokoqobo, futhi bekhohlakala phakathi kokuziphendukela kwabo phambilini kwahlaziywa kabanzi. ..
George Orwell
Izinganekwane zezombusazwe, emqondweni wami, zafinyelela umvuthwandaba ngalolu hlobo lomlingiswa obukeka kabi kodwa ozimisele. Umbhali ocashe ngegama lokungeyena elithi George Orwell ukusishiyela imisebenzi ye-anthological ngemithamo emikhulu yokugxekwa kwezepolitiki nezenhlalo. Futhi yebo, njengoba uzwa, uGeorge Orwell uyigama nje lokusayina amanoveli. Umlingiswa uqobo lwakhe wayebizwa ngempela ngokuthi u-Eric Arthur Blair, iqiniso elingahlali likhunjulwa phakathi kwezinto ezithile zalo mbhali owaphila eminyakeni eneziphithiphithi kakhulu eYurophu, engxenyeni yokuqala yekhulu lamashumi amabili ligcwele igazi.
Nali ivolumu ephelele ehamba phambili kaGeorge Orwell…
Kusukela ezinganekwaneni zesayensi kuya enganekwaneni, noma yiluphi uhlobo noma isitayela sokulandisa singafaneleka ukudlulisa umbono obucayi ngezombusazwe, amandla, impi. Ukulandisa kuka-Orwell kubonakala njengokunye ukwengezwa kokuma kwakhe okusebenzayo kwezenhlalo. UGeorge omdala noma u-Eric omuhle, noma yini ofuna ukumbiza ngayo manje, kuzoba yikhanda elihlala njalo kuzo zonke izinhloso zezepolitiki ezimi phakathi kwamashiya, kusuka kuhulumeni wezangaphandle wezwe labo kanye namandla alo asephelelwe yisikhathi okwenziwa ngamakoloniyali emandleni ezomnotho. wenqubo yokugubuzelwa ngumphakathi, futhi ngaphandle kokukhohlwa ama-fascism asencane engxenye yeYurophu.
Ngakho-ke ukufunda u-Orwell akushiyi unganaki. Ukugxekwa okusobala noma okusobala kumema ukuzindla ngokuvela kwethu njengempucuko. Babelana ngalenhlonipho yokugxekwa kwezepolitiki UHuxley njengoba IBradbury. Izinsika ezintathu eziyisisekelo zokubuka umhlaba njenge-dystopia, inhlekelele yempucuko yethu.
UJRR Tolkien
Ukucatshangelwa kwezincwadi njengomsebenzi wokudala kungena Tolkien umlingiswa ocishe waphezulu. UJRR Tolkien wagcina enguNkulunkulu wezincwadi ngenkathi umcabango wakhe wagcina usuyinto ebonakalayo omunye wabacabangi abajwayelekile abanamandla kakhulu ezincwadini zomhlaba. Imayelana nokufinyelela i-Olympus yenganekwane endaweni yonke elandelwayo ekhuluma ngendumasi ngokwakhiwa komhlaba oqala futhi kwansuku zonke. Abalingiswa abahlukile namasiko amasha bakhululwe ngokunembile ukubenza bathembeke, babonakale futhi ekugcineni babe nozwelo ekude kwabo okukhohlisayo okuvela kulo mhlaba.
Njengoba ngisho, indawo yonke elandisayo okujabulisa ukuyicabanga ezimweni ezahlukahlukene nakumaqoqo azama ukuqoqa umcabango omkhulu walo mbhali (enamamephu afakiwe kwezinye izikhathi):
Bambalwa ababhali namuhla abalandela ngokufanele ifa likaTolkien's Creator. Ababhali phakathi kwalabo abavelele UPatrick Rothfuss ngeminye imihlaba ehlukile ngokususwa kwesithenjwa esikhulu nomphathi wohlobo.
Ngoba ubuhle obukhulu bukaTolkien kwakuyisibonelo somcabango wakhe omangalisayo nomyalo wakhe ovelele wolimi. Ukufunda kahle ulimi lombhali kusho ukufinyelela olimini lwensimbi, leso sikhala esinganqunyelwe lapho ukuhlanganiswa kwamagama kufinyelela ukuvumelana okuphelele nomcabango nencazelo.
Isazi sezilimi esihlonishwayo kuphela njengoTolkien, ozimisele ukusungula imihlaba emisha, ongakwazi ukufinyelela kuleyo ndawo ebekelwe izihlakaniphi ezikwazi ukudlulisa nokuhambisa abafundi banoma isiphi isizukulwane kwelinye izwe elihlala likhona.
Virginia Woolf
Kukhona ababhali ukufika kwabo ngokugcwele kuzogcina sekubakhungathekisile, kubaphuphuthekisa ngokukhanya okucacile. Yize mhlawumbe kungenjalo ukuthi izincwadi zinomthelela omubi emphefumulweni wombhali. Kunalokho kuphambene, labo abasesha ekujuleni komphefumulo baba ngababhali noma abaculi ukuze bakwazi ukukuqaqa konke, nganoma iyiphi imali.
Virginia Woolf ungomunye walabo babhali ababheke ekujuleni komphefumulo ... … Konke bekumele kube yisamba esinyanyekayo. Kuze kube ukuphela kwayo okudabukisa kakhulu.
Kepha nasekugcineni kwayo bekukhona okuthile okuyizinkondlo, okucwiliswe emanzini oMfula i-Ouse njenge-nymph, okuvumela ukuthi ihlaselwe ngumhlaba ongaphansi kwamanzi thina esingokwemvelo yawo ...
Futhi, empilweni, uVirginia wamkhombisa ubungqabavu obukhulu lapho umoya wakhe uthathwa yimimoya. Umbhali nombhali wezindaba, umhleli nesishoshovu samalungelo abesifazane, anikezelwe othandweni nasekuhlolweni kolwazi. Uhlala njalo engaguquguquki futhi engumlandeli waleso sikhathi esinamandla kakhulu sesimanjemanje, enza uzungu lokuhlehlisa imikhuba futhi aqhubekele ekulandiseni okucwaningwayo.
Charles Dickens
I-Christmas Carol ingumsebenzi ophindaphindayo, ojikelezayo, otholakalela le njongo njalo ngoKhisimusi. Hhayi ukuthi ingubuciko obuphambili, noma hhayi ubuciko bakhe obukhulu ngokombono wami, kepha isimilo sayo njengendaba kaKhisimusi enokunqoba kokuziphatha futhi isasebenza nanamuhla njengesibonakaliso saleyo nhloso eguqukayo yalesi sikhathi sonyaka esithandekayo.
Kepha bafundi abahle be Charles Dickens bayazi ukuthi kukhona okuningi kakhulu endaweni yonke yalo mbhali. Futhi yilokho UDickens wayengenayo impilo elula, futhi lowo mzabalazo wokuphila emphakathini okhulayo wezimboni kanye nokuhlukaniswa okufanayo kufinyelela kumanoveli akhe amaningi. Njengoba inguquko yezimboni isivele ikhona ukuhlala (uDickens waphila phakathi kuka-1812 no-1870), kwakudinga kuphela ukuthi ubuntu obuhambisanayo bufakwe kule nqubo.
Ngakho, Indaba kaKhisimusi mhlawumbe bekuyindawo yokubhala.
Robert Louis Stevenson
Ikhulu leshumi nesishiyagalolunye, ngokuvuka kwalo okucacile kwesimanje kwezobuchwepheshe, ezesayensi nezimboni, linikeze ithuba elingenakuqhathaniswa lokunqotshwa kwezwe elisekhona kugcinwe izikhala ezithile ezinikezwe i-obscurantism, kuma-esoteric...
Futhi kuleyo ndawo ye-chiaroscuro, izincwadi zithole indawo ethokozisayo yababalisi bezindaba ezinhle ezifana Jules Verne noma ungumnikazi Robert Louis Stevenson. Phakathi kokunye babephethe amazinga okulandisa aphakeme kakhulu emhlabeni wokufunda olangazelela uhambo lapho umuntu wanamuhla abhekene nokungaziwa namanje. Ukuqanjwa okukhulu kukaVerne nososayensi abacatshangelwayo kwahlanganiswa nezingodo zikaStevenson zokuzijabulisa okumangalisayo, okuyisisekelo esiyisisekelo sokubhekana nalesi sikhathi ngombono womuntu lapho izincwadi zihlala khona.
Ngenxa yezimo zakhe zempilo, uStevenson wagcina esengumuntu ozihambelayo ozinikele ngqo emkhankasweni wokubhala wezincwadi zokuvakasha, ngalokho kufakwa kwenganekwane eyagcina imyisa phezulu ngokuya ngohlobo lwe-adventure.
Eminyakeni yakhe engama-44 yokuphila, uStevenson wabhala inqwaba nezincwadi eziningi, eziningi zazo zifinyelela ezinsukwini zethu ngokuhumushelwa kabusha kwesikrini esikhulu, yaseshashalazini noma ngochungechunge lwethelevishini.
Ian McEwan
Omunye wababhali besiNgisi owaziwa kakhulu namuhla ngu-Ian McEwan. Ukukhiqizwa kwakhe kwenoveli (uphinde wagqama njengombhali wesikrini noma umbhali wemidlalo yeshashalazi) kusinikeza umbono okhululekile womphefumulo, nokungqubuzana kwawo nezigaba zawo eziguquguqukayo. Izindaba ezimayelana nobuntwana noma uthando, kodwa ezikhathini eziningi ezinephuzu lokuhlanekezela okugcina kubambe umfundi ekuchazeni kwabo, ekwethuleni kwabo okungajwayelekile, ekuqinisekiseni kwabo okungajwayelekile njengengxenye yalokho esingaphezu kwamandla ethu.
Kusukela u-Ian McEwan ashicilele incwadi yakhe yokuqala yezindaba ezimfishane emuva ngonyaka we-1975, ukunambitheka kwalezi zincwadi ezingahambisani nakho bekuhambisana naye ngaso sonke isikhathi, ekugcineni eqamba umtapo wezincwadi osuvele unezincwadi ezingamashumi amabili.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubuye wathanda kakhulu iziphakamiso ezilandisayo zezingane, ngalelo phuzu lokufunda elingaqondakali kusukela ebusheni noma ebusheni, noma ukuthola ama-nuances amasha ebudaleni, njalo edlulisa umkhondo othakazelisayo wobuntu.