Akuyona imfushane njengendaba noma ibanzi njengenoveli. Amanoveli amafushane angahlanganisa okuhle kakhulu kwazo zombili izinhlobo zokuxoxa indaba. Usayizi ofanele wokufunda esitimeleni noma uhlezi ekhaya. I-Brevity iyimfashini, iwuphawu lwezikhathi. Ama-Noveletas, ama-novelles noma ama-novelette, amafushane kodwa aphindwe kabili ezikhathini eziningi.
Into enzima wukusungula umehluko, ukubeka izinga lapho indaba iphenduka indaba noma inoveli. Ngoba ukube bekuyi-pageging, ngefomethi yencwadi ngokwayo, izinto ziyahlukahluka ngomlingo ... Ngakho-ke uma kunikezwe ukungaqiniseki mayelana nobukhulu, singakhomba ekuthuthukisweni kwesakhiwo njengento ehlukanisayo yalolu hlobo lwencwadi.
Kodwa-ke, siphinde singene endaweni engaqondakali lapho. Yini esicabanga ukugxumela kuyo inoveli kusuka endabeni noma endabeni? Ngokungangabazeki i-capitulation edingekayo ukuze kuhlukaniswe izigcawu ikhomba ezinhlangothini ezimbili maqondana inoveli emfushane. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, inhloso yombhali. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, imvelo yendaba eguqukayo futhi yenze abalingiswa bayo badlulele ezindaweni ezihlukene, eshintsha indawo yesehlakalo noma ehloselwe ukucabanga okusha.
Iphuzu liwukuthi nakuba engekho okhomba incazelo eqinile, sonke siyazi ukuthi singawahlukanisa kanjani. Futhi uma siqeda enye yalezi zincwadi ezincane sisala nalokho kunambitheka kwendaba egcwele, nesiqalo sayo, iphakathi nesiphetho sayo kuvumelana ngokwanele ukuba sidale kabusha emcabangweni wethu umhlaba omusha okuhlalwa kuwo ngemuva kanye nesimo sawo esichaza kakhulu. Ngiyakumema ukuthi uthole ezinye zazo amanoveli amafushane adume kakhulu...
Amanoveli amafushane aphezulu ayi-10
Ukuvukela epulazini George Orwell
Indaba yezilwane okungezona izilwane. Noma yebo, kuya ngokuthi ufuna ukukubona kanjani. Ngoba ukufunda kabili yilokho enakho, okuthi uma ethungwe kahle nhlangothi zombili zesingathekiso akwazi ukufika nemiyalezo eyahlukene.
Lokhu kubhuqa ngeNguquko YaseRussia kanye nokunqoba kwe-Stalinism, eyabhalwa ngo-1945, isiphenduke ingqophamlando esikweni lesimanje kanye nenye yezincwadi ezihlabayo kunazo zonke ezake zaba khona. Njengoba sibhekene nokwanda kwezilwane zaseManor Farm, ngokushesha sathola imbewu yobushiqela enhlanganweni eyayibonakala iyinhle; futhi kubaholi bethu abanothando kakhulu, isithunzi sabacindezeli abanonya kakhulu.
Ukulahlwa komphakathi wobushiqela, omangazwe ngokumangalisayo enganekwaneni engokomfanekiso enobuhlakani. Izilwane ezisepulazini likaJones zivukela abanikazi bazo futhi zibahlule. Kodwa ukuhlubuka kuyohluleka njengoba kuphakama imibango nomhawu phakathi kwabo, futhi abanye bazihlanganisa namakhosi ababagumbuqela, bekhaphela ubunjalo babo kanye nezithakazelo zesigaba sabo.
Nakuba i-Farm Rebellion yaqanjwa njengokubhuqa okunonya kwe-Stalinism, umlingiswa wawo wonke jikelele womlayezo wayo wenza le ncwadi ibe ukuhlaziya okungavamile kwenkohlakalo ekhiqizwa amandla, i-diatribe ethukuthele ngokumelene nobushiqela banoma yiluphi uhlobo, kanye nokuhlolwa okucacile kokukhohlisa lelo qiniso lomlando. kwenzeka ezikhathini zoguquko kwezepolitiki.
Ukusungulwa kukaMorel
Ezandleni ezingcono kakhulu, ifantasy ihlanganisa yonke into, idlula okucatshangwayo futhi ifinyelela emhlabeni wethu njengesambulo mayelana nezingxenye ezakhayo. Amandla asigcwalisayo, uthando, umoya-mpilo, isikhathi. Izinhlayiya zakho konke futhi lutho amaRobinsons aphukelwa umkhumbi nsuku zonke eziqhingini ezingalindelekile.
Umbaleki ohlukunyezwa ubulungisa ufika ngesikebhe esigwedlwayo eya esiqhingini esiwugwadule lapho okumi khona ezinye izakhiwo ezingasasetshenziswa. Kodwa ngolunye usuku, leyo ndoda enesizungu izizwa sengathi ayisenaso isizungu, ngoba sekuvele abanye abantu esiqhingini.
Uyababuka, abahlole, alandele ezinyathelweni zabo futhi azame ukubamangaza izingxoxo zabo. Leso yisiqalo semfihlakalo, uguquko oluqhubekayo olusuka eqinisweni kuya ekuboneni izinto ezingekho, kancane kancane okuholela umbaleki ekucaciseni zonke izimfihlakalo.
Le ncwadi ingafaniswa, ngokwayo, nezindaba ezinhle kakhulu zika-Edgar Allan Poe. Icebo layo elikhaliphile, elasetshenziswa ngobuhlakani futhi, ngaphezu kwakho konke, imvelaphi ebabazekayo yombono lapho isenzo sizungeza khona, yenze i-Morel's Invention yaba enye yezincwadi zobuciko obungenakuphikiswa.
Isigamu se-viscount
I-Viscount Demediado iwuhlelo lokuqala luka-Italo Calvino lokungena ezintweni ezinhle nezinhle kakhulu. UCalvino ulandisa indaba yeViscount yaseTeralba, eyahlukaniswa kabili yinganono evela kubantu baseTurkey futhi izingxenye zayo ezimbili zaqhubeka nokuhlala ngokuhlukana.
Uphawu lwesimo somuntu esihlukene, u-Medardo de Terralba uyaphuma ayoshaywa umoya emazweni akhe. Njengoba idlula, amapheya alenga ezihlahleni abonakala ehlukene phakathi. "Yonke imihlangano yezidalwa ezimbili emhlabeni iyahlukana," kusho isigamu esibi se-viscount kowesifazane athandana naye. Kodwa ingabe kuqinisekile ukuthi ingxenye embi? Le nganekwane ebabazekayo iphakamisa ukufunwa komuntu ngokuphelele, ovame ukwakhiwa ngokuthile okungaphezu kwesamba sesigamu sawo.
INkosana encane
Njengoba ubona, ngidlula emathubeni angapheli esingathekiso noma angokomfanekiso anikezwa inoveli emfushane. Ngoba amanoveli amafushane ahambisana ngokuphelele nalowo mdlalo phakathi kwamaqiniso nokuqagela okuvela kulokho okwenzekayo.
Insumansumane nendaba yefilosofi ebuza ngobudlelwano bomuntu nomakhelwane wakhe kanye nomhlaba, Inkosana encane igxile, ngobulula obumangalisayo, ukuzindla okuqhubekayo kukaSaint-Exupéry ngobungane, uthando, umthwalo wemfanelo kanye nenjongo yokuphila.
Bengihlala kanje, ngedwa, kungekho engingakhuluma naye ngokweqiniso, ngaze ngaba nokuwohloka ogwadule lwaseSahara eminyakeni eyisithupha edlule. Kukhona okwakuphukile enjinini yami. Futhi njengoba ngangingenaye umakhenikha noma abagibeli, ngaqala ukulungisa, ngedwa, ukulungisa okunzima. Kwamina, kwakuyindaba yokuphila nokufa. Nganginamanzi izinsuku eziyisishiyagalombili kuphela.
Ngobusuku bokuqala ngalala esihlabathini indawo eqhele ngamakhilomitha ayinkulungwane ukusuka kunoma yiliphi izwe elakhiwe. Wayeyedwa kunomuntu olahliwe esihlengeni phakathi nolwandle. Cabanga-ke, ukumangala kwami lapho, ekuntweleni kokusa, iphimbo elincane elingavamile lingivusa lithi: -Ngicela ... ungidwebele imvu! - Hayi!? -Ngidonsele imvu...
Umlando Wokufa Okubikezelwe
Mhlawumbe kunjalo Umlando Wokufa Okubikezelwe Umsebenzi "ongokoqobo" kaGabriel García Márquez, njengoba usekelwe esenzakalweni esingokomlando esenzeka ezweni lakubo lomlobi. Lapho le noveli iqala, sekuvele kwaziwa ukuthi izelamani zikaVicario zizobulala uSantiago Nasar - empeleni, sebevele bambulele - ukuze baphindiselele udumo oluthukuthele lukadadewabo u-Ángela, kodwa le ndaba iphetha kahle ngaleso sikhathi lapho uSantiago Nasar. uyafa .
Isikhathi somjikelezo, esisetshenziswa kakhulu uGarcía Márquez emisebenzini yakhe, sivela futhi lapha sibolile ngokucophelela enkathini yaso ngayinye, sakhiwe kabusha ngobunono nangendlela umlandisi, olandisa ngokwenzeka kudala, othuthukayo futhi ahlehla endleleni yakhe. indaba futhi ize ngisho nangemva kwesikhathi eside izosho isiphetho sabasindile. Isenzo, ngesikhathi esifanayo, siyiqoqo kanye nesomuntu siqu, sicacile futhi asicacile, futhi sithatha umfundi kusukela ekuqaleni, ngisho noma ewazi umphumela wesakhiwo. I-dialectic phakathi kwenganekwane neqiniso lapha ithuthukiswa, futhi, nge-prose egcwele ukuthakazelisa kangangokuthi iliphakamisela emikhawulweni yenganekwane.
Ukufa kuka-Ivan Ilyich
Umlingiswa odwetshwe u-Tolstoy ngu-Iván Ilitch, umongameli weNkantolo Yendawo. Umbhali wezincwadi upenda umhlaba ka-Ivan ongasebenzi futhi omoshayo futhi ugxeka umbuso wezicukuthwane, ayewazi kahle. UTolstoy akagcini nje ngokubonisa kule noveli ukwesaba kwakhe ukufa komuntu siqu, kodwa uveza ububele obujulile obugqugquzelwa abathobekile nabacindezelwe.
Kule noveli kaTolstoy, ukugxekwa okuqinile kwenziwa nge-bureaucracy, ngoba, ukuze bavuke, badinga u-Ivan ukuba ayeke ukuphila. Abangane bakhe abahlala ezindaweni eziphansi balindele ukufa kwakhe ukuze kuthathe indawo yakhe. Le ncwadi ikhombisa ukuhlukaniswa kuka-Iván Ilyich, ugxile kakhulu emsebenzini wakhe kunomndeni wakhe. Umlingiswa oyinhloko usevele efile empilweni lapho ehlukanisiwe futhi engaphili impilo yomuntu, yingakho elahlekelwa ukwesaba ukufa ... ukulinda.
Ukufa evenice
Indaba yomphefumulo okhathele, okwazi ukusinda kuphela ku-artifice, ethola ngokuzumayo ubuhle obuzenzakalelayo obuzibonakalisa ngokuzikhandla futhi ngaphandle kokungabaza emfanekisweni wengane esemusha. UMann wabhala lo msebenzi ngesitayela se-mosaic, enembile, ecophelelayo futhi ekhazimula ngasikhathi sinye, futhi echaza kahle ukuhwalala kanye nesimo esifayo seVenice enemibala.
Ishicilelwe ngo-1914, Ukufa evenice kwakuyinoveli eyisisekelo yokuqinisa udumo lwayo Thomas Mann, okwathi ngo-1929 yathola i- Umklomelo KaNobel Embhalweni, ebhekwa njengomunye wabantu ababalulekile ezincwadini zaseYurophu yangaleso sikhathi.
IGatsby Enkulu
Ukufunda uFitzgerald akulula. Kukhona nalabo abaphika ngokuqondile. Kodwa le noveli encane inokuthile, okukhomba ku-Dorian Gray obambekayo… Ubani u-Gatsby, umlingiswa onikeza igama lakhe kwenye yezinganekwane ezidalwe inoveli yekhulu lama-XNUMX? Uyimfihlakalo, indoda eyazakhela yona futhi yenza iphathi enkulu ukuze iwine uDaisy Buchanan, owake wamthanda.
Siseminyakeni yamashumi amabili ehlokomayo, eNew York, kanti uGatsby wenza amaphathi esithabathabeni somuzi wakhe omuhle waseLong Island lapho okukhanga kakhulu umnikazi wendlu, usozigidi okungenzeka ukuthi ungumbulali noma inhloli, umfana ongenayo lutho. waceba, iqhawe elidabukisayo elibhujiswa njengoba lisondela ephusheni lakhe: ukubuyiswa kabusha kwesithandwa sakhe.
Eduze kwenhliziyo yasendle
Eduze kwenhliziyo yasendle kuwumzamo wokwakha i-biography kaJoana kusukela ebuntwaneni kuya ekuvuthweni, ukufuna iqiniso langaphakathi, ukutadisha ubunzima bobudlelwane bomuntu, ukuzama ukukhohlwa ukufa, ukufa kukayise, uJoana angeke avume.
Akekho ongangabazi namuhla ukuthi umsebenzi kaClarice Lispector, esikhathini sethu, ungomunye wesipiliyoni esijule kakhulu sokuveza izindikimba ezisixakile: ukuthula nesifiso sokukhulumisana, isizungu ezweni lapho ukuxhumana okungelona iqiniso kusicwilisa ekusweleni usizo, isimo sabesifazane emhlabeni odalwe amadoda ...
I-Clockwork Orange ngu-Anthony Burgess
Inoveli eyeqayo futhi elimazayo njengoba ijulile ngezici ezingaphenywa ngaso sonke isikhathi endabeni evamile. I-Psychopathy kanye nekhono, noma ukuqondana okuphambene komholi we-psychopathic okwazi ukwenza izifiso zakhe ezimbi kakhulu, inkolo, ikakhulukazi ngalezo zinsuku zobusha lapho noma yikuphi okuhle kungaba kuhle, ngisho nobudlova ngenxa yobudlova.
Indaba ka-nadsat Alex kanye nabangane bakhe abathathu bezidakamizwa ezweni elinonya nokubhujiswa. NgokukaBurgess, u-Alex “unezici zomuntu eziyinhloko; uthando lolaka, uthando lolimi, uthando lobuhle. Kodwa usemncane futhi akakaqondi ukubaluleka kweqiniso kwenkululeko, ayijabulela ngobudlova. Ngomqondo othile uhlala e-Edene, futhi kuphela lapho ewa (njengoba enza ngempela, efasiteleni) ubonakala ekwazi ukuba ngumuntu weqiniso ».
NGIYAKUMEMA UKWAZI INOVELI YAMI EMFUSHANE: «Izingalo zesiphambano sami»
Amazwana angu-1 kokuthi "Amanoveli amafushane angcono kakhulu ayi-10"