Yeka injabulo engaba nayo esivivinyweni sami sokuqala sasenyuvesi. Kwakuyisihloko sezomnotho futhi phakathi kweminye imibuzo engikhumbulayo ukuthi sacelwa ukuba sinikeze i-dissertation mayelana nokungenelela kwe-macroeconomic ka-Helmut Kohl eJalimane (ngiqinisekile ukuthi umbuzo wawugxile kakhulu, kodwa yilokho engikukhumbulayo).
U-A wami wokuqala weza ngenxa yezincwadi engahlobisa ngazo leyo mpendulo mayelana nezinqumo nezinhlelo ezenziwa ngazo I-Kohl. Umyalo oqinile lapho umongameli omkhulu asungula khona ukuthi iJalimane phakathi kwama-80s kanye nama-90s; nezwe okwathi kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kuze kube namuhla, kuthiwa ezingeni lezomnotho lapho lithimula lonke elaseYurophu lingenwa amakhaza.
Kodwa-ke, umnotho ushintshe kakhulu emashumini eminyaka amuva nje futhi njengamanje izifundazwe zibonakala zingaphansi kwezimakethe ngendlela engakaze ichazwe kodwa eqondakalayo. Uma kungenjalo, ngaphezu kwalokho, ukungena komunye umnotho ofanayo ophawulwe yimihlaba yedijithali kanye nama-bitcoins awo noma ngokuqagela okunonya kakhulu okwenza izinhlelo zephiramidi zibe ingqikithi yazo zonke izinto.
Ngoba lapho ingekho izinsiza ezingakhula ngokungapheli ezinganekwaneni zomnotho omkhulu wezinsuku zethu, umuntu uyaqhubeka nokusungula amafomula amasha phakathi kobunjiniyela bezomnotho nezenhlalo kanye nenganekwane ephelele. Namuhla ezomnotho zingaphezu kokugembula kwesayensi. Futhi ukwazi ukuthi yini ezayo kithi kungasimema ukuthi sibuyele kumatilasi njengezindawo ezifanele zokuvikela imali ... Izincwadi ezinhle azikubi neze ukwazi ukuthi konke lokhu kumayelana nani emnothweni wamanje ngemisebenzi esingabeka ngayo izisekelo zalokho. kwezomnotho njengesiqu seMibuso yamanje futhi, okubaluleke kakhulu, ukuphuma ephaketheni lakho ...
Izincwadi ezi-3 eziphezulu ezinconyiwe zezomnotho
Umcebo Wezizwe
Kusukela ekuqaleni mayelana nezomnotho zanamuhla, umuntu akazi ukuthi agxile ku-Adam Smith noma kuqhubeke UKarl Marx. Kodwa uma kubhekwa inguquko yomhlaba wethu kungaphethwa ngokuthi isandla esingabonakali sika-Adam Smith, esishaya ubuso ngobuso obunenkululeko enkulu kunazo zonke, sanqoba umdlalo phezu kukaMarx. Ngakho-ke sekuyisikhathi sokuvalelisa ezinhlosweni ezinhle zobukhomanisi bethiyori ukuze ufunde ukuthi ungayidlala kanjani i-roulette yaseRussia ...
Ngoba kuyiqiniso ukuthi sithola ubuhle obuthile obubonakalayo kule ncwadi evula umnotho wamanje, ngenxa yethonya layo enhlalakahleni yomphakathi. Kodwa ukuthatha njengezinkomba imiphakathi lapho kungekho lutho olufunwa umuntu uma esehlukaniswe yimishini, le ndaba izwakala njengomkhonyovu wendoda eyisidudla. Ngakho-ke isigaba esilandelayo somsebenzi sizwakala njengethosi elangeni. Noma kunjalo, lena yincwadi ebalulekile yokubheka emuva ekuzalweni kweqhinga elikhulu lezomnotho:
Umqondo wokuthi ingcebo ivela emsebenzini (hhayi egolideni noma esiliva), ukwazi ukukhula ngokulawulwa okwanele kokusebenza kwemakethe; umbono wokuncintisana njengendlela enciphisa ukomela izinzuzo kanye nomgqugquzeli wenzuzo evamile, kanye nesifiso sombuso oqinile, nakuba ungewona mkhulu, oqinisekisa inkululeko, impahla kanye nokusebenza "kwesandla esingabonakali" esivumelana izithakazelo zomuntu kanye nomphakathi, empeleni, ziwumnikelo wakhe ohlala njalo emhlabeni owawuzothuthuka emakhulwini eminyaka alandelayo.
Ezomnotho Eziyisisekelo: Imanuwali yezomnotho ebhalwe ngomqondo ojwayelekile
Uma uthola u-Adam Smith ohamba ngezinyawo engenamanzi noma onenzondo, eyakho incwadi efana nalena ukuze uqonde izimiso nezakhiwo lapho umdlalo uqala khona (nakuba kwaziwa kakade ukuthi umdlalo usuphelile, ukhohlisiwe). Akukaze kube buhlungu ukwazi ibanga phakathi kwe-macroeconomic kanye ne-microeconomic ukuze uzibeke ebhodini ezindaweni ezingcono kakhulu, okuye kwaba umnotho womndeni ...
I-Basic Economics iyimanuwali yezomnotho yalabo abafuna ukuqonda ukuthi umnotho usebenza kanjani, kodwa abangenantshisekelo yokufunda ukwenza amafomula ezibalo noma izibalo eziyinkimbinkimbi. Emakhasini ayo, isazi sezomnotho uThomas Sowell wembula izimiso ezijwayelekile lapho noma yiluphi uhlobo lwenqubomgomo yezomnotho lusekelwe khona, noma ngabe ubunxiwankulu, i-socialist noma i-feudal.
Ngesitayela esijabulisayo nesifundeka kalula, sivumela noma yiluphi uhlobo lomfundi, kungakhathaliseki isizinda sakhe semfundo noma izinga lolwazi lwezomnotho, ukuqonda ukuthi ezomnotho zisebenza kanjani. Kule nguqulo entsha, ebuyekeziwe nenwetshiwe, umbhali uhlolisisa izihloko ezishisayo kusukela ekuxoxisaneni okuhlangene kuya emithelela emnothweni wangempela wezimakethe zokulingana.
Usonhlamvukazi
Kulungile, uma usufike lapha, usenethemba ngesimo somuntu futhi ucabanga ukuthi uMarx ube nephuzu lakhe. Esimeni esinjalo singathemba ukuthi ukuzalwa kolwazi mayelana nokusebenza kwezinto kungase kuvuselele lokho kuqaphela kwesigaba se-atavistic. Ukuqaphela kwesigaba namuhla okulele, okwenziwa isikhungo, okuphambukiswe emkhathizwe yipolitiki ekhululekile kanye nenqubekelaphambili yekhadi leposi eligxile kakhulu emibonweni engamanga kunasekungokoqobo kwezinto.
Inhloko-dolobha, umsebenzi ongenakugwenywa wokuqonda ubunxiwankulu, umlando wabo kanye nezigaba zabo, ngokungangabazeki ngesinye seziqophamlando emlandweni womcabango. Ngalo msebenzi obalulekile, uMarx akazange nje aguqule indlela yokucabanga kwezomnotho, ifilosofi, umlando noma ezombangazwe, kodwa futhi wachaza umbono omusha wokuhlaziya umphakathi, kuze kube namuhla, ongakanqotshwa. Isethulo esisha salolu hlobo lwakudala ku-slipcase, umsebenzi uvezwa ezincwadini ezintathu, njengoba zazikhunjwe ekuqaleni. Uhlelo oluhlanganisa izinsiza ezibucayi zikaPedro lwashicilelwa ekhasini ngalinye.
Amazwana angu-1 kokuthi "Izincwadi ezi-3 ezihamba phambili zezomnotho"