I-invoyisi yombhalo kusukela endalweni kuye ku-edishini, URoberto Calasso Ungomunye wabaxoxi bezindaba base-Italy abadume kakhulu, kanye no U-Erri de Luca. Ngomoya wayo njalo we-avant-garde, UCalasso uvakashela njalo ukungavumelani okungokomoya kakhulu, ukwesula kanye nokudangala emhlabeni ngenxa yakhe ngokuya efulathela ingqikithi yayo yonke insalela yobuntu.
Naphezu kokuhlela kwakhe njalo, emisebenzini yakhe uCalasso unikeza isimo esishintshayo, esishintshayo. Ngaleyo ndlela kwakhiwa i-mosaic ye-bibliographic ibheke emcabangweni ophelele kakhulu. Endabeni emnandi enoveli yokuzifihla, kwesinye isikhathi siqala kubalingiswa abahluke kakhulu noma izindlela neziphetho noma izindawo ezikude. Kuphela ukuthi ukunyakaza, intando, izimo zihlaziywa kusukela kulokho kubuka umsebenzi omkhulu odabukisayo wasendulo.
Ngemva kweziqalo zendatshana emhlabeni wasendulo (lapho uCalasso ejabulela ukuphuca bona kanye onkulunkulu base-Olympus endaweni edlulayo), kancane kancane umbhali wagxila kakhulu ekukhukhuleni kwayo yonke into kulo mhlaba ogcwele inhlanhla noma ukudalelwa, kuye ngokuthi ubani. ayibuke.
Imisebenzi emi-3 ehamba phambili kaRoberto Calasso
Isipho esingashiwongo
Izwe lanamuhla selifinyelele esigabeni esiqondile somphakathi wezwe, owethemba umphakathi ngokwawo kuphela. I-Homo saecularis yamukela imithetho kodwa hhayi imiyalo, izinqubo kodwa hhayi ukukholelwa. Uzizwa engumuntu futhi wenza inkolo engenabo ubunkulunkulu, esekelwe ku-altruism, ngaphandle kokuhlobana nokungabonakali. Kungani-ke kuqubuka uhlobo oluthile lobuphekula oluhlanganisa ukubulawa kwabantu okungahleliwe, lapho izisulu zingaba noma ubani inqobo nje uma bebaningi ngangokunokwenzeka? Mhlawumbe ngenxa yokuthi, ezweni elinjenganamuhla, ukubulala kuphela okunikeza isiqinisekiso sencazelo. Isitha samaphekula amaSulumane, ngakho-ke, umzimba wonke womphakathi wezwe.
Iqiniso elingashiwongo lihlukaniswe izingxenye ezimbili ezihlukene kahle: okokuqala, iCalasso yenza umlando omfushane ngemvelaphi yobuphekula bamaSulumane, futhi yenza incazelo ecacile, ecacile yezwe lethu lamanje, "iminyaka yokungahambisani", noma, Ngokwemibandela kaCalasso, inkathi «yomphakathi wokuhlola», ozibalo zabo zokufundisa kwakungu-Bouvard noPécuchet, lezo ziphukuphuku ezivelele ezasungulwa uFlaubert, abathengi abanezinhloso ezinhle zomagazini namapheshana abazibheka njengabanolwazi ngokuphelele ngakho konke: «Kuwukuba lawo umuntu angawalandela, egciwaneni lawo, ukuthi ngolunye usuku kuzobizwa ngani i-inthanethi.”
Futhi, nge-digital mesh emboza umhlaba, ukuhlanganiswa kwenzondo yokulamula, ephusheni elibonakalayo lentando yeningi eqondile elibeka engcupheni imvelo yenqubo yohlelo lwephalamende. Ingxenye yesibili iqoqo lezingcaphuno - ezivela kubabhali abafana noVirginia Woolf, u-Ernst Jünger noCéline noma ongqondongqondo abafana noSimone Weil noWalter Benjamin, kodwa futhi nabaholi bamaNazi abafana noGoebbels - abahlanganisa inkathi kusukela ku-1933 kuya ku-1945: iminyaka. ngokuthi umhlaba wenze umzamo ongaphelele wokuzibhubhisa.
En Isipho esingashiwongo, uCalasso welula ukucabanga okuqondisa izincwadi zakhe zakamuva, ikakhulukazi ukukhathazeka kwakhe ngezingozi ezisongela umphakathi wezwe, ozigubhayo ngaphandle kokubona kwalasha ovuleka ezinyaweni zawo. Kodwa, ngokokuqala ngqa, kulo mqulu omfushane uCalasso ubeka ukugxila ezweni lanamuhla, alibiza ngokuthi "elingenakuqanjwa" - okubonisa ukuthi ukuthembela kwethu okuyize kwisayensi nobuchwepheshe akusisizi ukuthi sazi okuthile okungaguquki nokuqinisekile mayelana nesikhathi sethu samanje - futhi. okuyinto, nokho, ikuveza ngendlela ecacile, ephumelelayo, ne-clairvoyant. Kwathatha umkhondo weminyaka eminingi, izincwadi nolwazi ukuze kufinyelelwe encazelweni emfushane nenamandla kangaka yesikhathi esiphila kuso nokuthi sasingakwazi ukubheka ngaphandle kobumpumputhe obuncane.
Umzingeli Wasezulwini
Ngolunye usuku empeleni olwathatha izinkulungwane zeminyaka, uHomo wenza into okungekho muntu owake wayizama: waqala ukulingisa ezinye izilwane, izilwane ezizingelayo. Waba ngumzingeli kanjalo. Lolo suku olude kakhulu, namuhla, lukude, kodwa umkhondo wakhe uphikelela, nakuba kungekho muntu obonakala enesithakazelo sokuwaphenya. Imicikilisho nezinsumansumane zaxuba iminonjana yalokho kuziphatha nento eyayibizwa ngeGrisi Yasendulo uthi: obungcwele, obuhlobene eduze nobungcwele nobungcwele. Amasiko amaningi, akude emkhathini nasesikhathini, ahlobanisa lezi zehlakalo ezimangalisayo nezivusa inkanuko nesifunda esithile sesibhakabhaka, phakathi kwe-Sirius ne-Orion: indawo ye-Celestial Hunter. Izindaba zabo zeluka indwangu yale ncwadi, ziphuma ezinhlangothini eziningi: ukusuka ku-Paleolithic kuya emshinini we-Turing, ukudlula eGreece naseGibhithe lasendulo, futhi zihlola ukuxhumana okuningi okucashile ngaphakathi kwendawo eyingqayizivele futhi engenamkhawulo. , ingqondo.
Ngemuva kwalokho Ukuvutha, lapho uCalasso aphenya khona itulo lemikhosi yemihlatshelo eyenziwa yiwo wonke amasiko nezinkolo (futhi ukunyamalala kwakhe-okusobala-enkathini yesimanje akuyeki ukuba nemisindo edabukisayo, njengoba abonisa Iqiniso elingenakuchazwa), Le ncwadi ibuyela ekucushweni okuyinkimbinkimbi nokuthakazelisayo kwaleyo ngxenye (enkulu) yomhlaba wethu okushiya eceleni ukuhluzeka kwengqondo nososayensi.
Kungani uZeyusi evumela umfowabo iHayidesi ukuba athumbe indodakazi yakhe uPersephone, okumenza aphelelwe ithemba unina, uDemeter? Yini, ngendlela, "ubusuku bokugcina bukaZeus emhlabeni"? Yini eyammangaza kakhulu uHerodotus ngemilingo yaseGibhithe phakathi nohambo lwakhe lokukhuphuka ngomfula iNayile? Kungani imbongi u-Ovid, owahlanganisa leyo encyclopedia eyisikhumbuzo yezinganekwane zakudala I-metamorphoses, Ingabe uye wakhathazeka ngokubhala ngento ebonakala iyize njengezimonyo noma ubuciko bokuyenga? Yini esekelwa inkolelo-mbono yokuthi, ngaphambi kokuba uHomo ahlasele amakati amakhulu, wayelingisa izimpisi?
Umfundi uzowadabula la makhasi njengokungathi usebuthongweni: uhambo ngokusebenzisa izindlela zokuxhumana phakathi komuntu "nongabonakali"; amafomu aphila esikhathini samanje esiqhubekayo. Ngoba lokhu kulandisa kuyinoveli yezinto ezibonakala zikude kakhulu nokuthi, nokho, ziphakathi kwethu, ngokushesha nje lapho sivumela uCalasso ukuthi asitshele ukuthi sibheke kuphi.
Umshado kaCadmus noHarmony
Ukuthi uZeus, esesimweni senkunzi emhlophe, wayithumba kanjani iNkosazana yase-Europa; UTheus wamshiya u-Ariadne; U-Dionisio wadlwengula u-Aura; U-Apollo wayeyinceku ka-Admetus, ngenxa yothando; I-simulacrum ka-Helena yavela, kanye ne-Achilles ', esiqhingini saseLeuké; uPenelope wanqoba iHipodamía; UCoronis, ekhulelwe u-Apollo, wamkhaphela ngomuntu ofayo; amaDanayi anquma amakhanda amadoda awo; U-Achilles wabulala uPenthesilea futhi wamjoyina; U-Orestes wahlushwa ukusangana; UDemeter wazulazula efuna indodakazi yakhe uCore; UCore wabuka iHayidesi futhi wazibona ebonakala emehlweni akhe; U-Phaedra wahlanya ngo-Hippolytus; UFanse wazivumela ukuba adliwe uZeus; abakwaCercope bahleka izinqe zikaHeracles; umzingeli uCyrene wajoyina u-Apollo ngesimo sempisi; UZeus wanquma ukuqothula amaqhawe; U-Ulysses wayehlala neCalypso; ama-Olympians ehlela eThebes ukuze abambe iqhaza emshadweni kaCadmus noHarmony ...
Imishado kaCadmus kanye neHarmony kwaba okokugcina onkulunkulu bama-Olympian behlezi etafuleni namadoda ukuze benze idili. Okwenzeka ngaphambi kwalokho, iminyaka eminingi, nangemva kwalokho, ezizukulwaneni ezimbalwa, kwakha umuthi omkhulu wenganekwane yamaGreki.
Ngayeka ukufunda iCalasso kudala. Njengoba isisho sithi, "ongakwaziyo makakuthenge." Kodwa-ke, ngikwazile ukufunda "Umshado weCadmus and Harmony." Kule ncwadi, abesifazane bavame ukubonakala njengezisulu ezisebenzayo, futhi ukudlwengulwa kwabo kuvezwa njengezinkondlo futhi kuthandeka. Kuhle kakhulu. Ungatshela uCalasso ukuthi into yokudlwengula ibonakala iyisu elihle. Noma kunjalo, iqiniso liwukuthi ngisakhumbula le nto egqamayo ikhotha izindebe zayo uma ikhuluma ngemihlatshelo yabantu. Futhi angikukhohlwa ukuthanda kwakhe okucashile ngoSathane, akusebenzisa ukuhlwanyela izinkulumo ezimbi, ukungathembeki kwakhe, ubuxhwanguxhwangu bakhe futhi ngaphezu kwakho konke ukuzidla kwakhe okunengekayo lapho ephathelene nami naphezu kwami. Ngisho nomhleli wakhe umbiza ngokuthi "i-Calasso ekhohlisayo"! Encwadini yokugcina angithumele yona, ukunikezelwa kufundeka kanje: »KuBlanca. Noma ungafuni, kungokwakho. Qaphelani: NOMA UNGAFUNI. Leyo yi-Calasso ngendlela yayo emsulwa, isidalwa esidabukisayo, okuthi, ngenhlanhla, uma i-Me Too ifinyelela e-Italy, sizokwazi ukuyibona incithakalo ekugugeni kwayo futhi, uma ingekho inhlanhla futhi ishiya leli zwe, sizobe. esigodini sikaJehoshafati njengakho konke okuyize, nakho konke lapho okungekho khona i-athomu yokuhle, konke okungenasihawu nesitha somuntu.