Izincwadi ezi-3 ezihamba phambili zika-Elvira Roca Barea

Inguquko ebheke empumelelweni ye- U-Elvira Roca njengoba umbhali kwenzeka ngo-2016 nomsebenzi wakhe "Imperiophobia kanye nomlando omnyama: iRoma, iRussia, i-United States noMbuso waseSpain". Kepha ukufika lapho, ngaleyo clairvoyance ethuthukile kusuka kwiprozi yakhe elula futhi elula, kwakukhona umsebenzi omningi wocwaningo owedlule.

Ezinye izincwadi eziningi nokuqeqeshwa okudingekayo ukuze kukholwe iqiniso. Iqiniso elihlala lichotshozwa namuhla njengoba, ngakho-ke, liyinto enhle engatakulwa.

I-Philology inokuhlakanipha okuningi okubalulekile. Ukudalula ukuvela kolimi ukwazi lawo maqiniso angafinyeleleki, angcwatshwa kalula yilabo abathembele ezimeni ezibekiwe ezihluke kakhulu kulokho okwenzekile.

Ngikhumbula esinye isazi semilingo esivelele esibuye sigqame emkhakheni wezemibhalo, a U-Irene Vallejo lokho, okugxile kwezinye izindawo zolwazi, nakho kusisiza ngoqwembe lawo maqiniso ngomhlaba wethu, kungeza ukuthintwa okunesigqi kwabakudala bezwe lasendulo.

Ukubuyela kulokho ebesiyikho, iphuzu ukuthi ngempumelelo yakhe engakaze ibonwe ukuhlolwa, U-Elvira uqhubeke nokukhipha izincwadi ezintsha ngokuqagela okukhulu kokusatshalaliswa lapho kutholakala kabusha ngenhloso edumile njengombhali omkhulu, umenzi waleso simangaliso esincane okuyindlela yomuntu wonke yokuthola iqiniso.

Izincwadi ezintathu ezinconyiwe nguMaría Elvira Roca Barea

Imperiophobia kanye nomlando omnyama: iRoma, iRussia, i-United States noMbuso waseSpain

Amaqiniso angakhululeki kakhulu yilawo akhonza ukudiliza phansi izakhiwo ezinentshisekelo. Le ncwadi yilelo qiniso elimangalisayo, elicace bha ekukhanyeni kweqiniso eliwumphumela wokuthi ibomvu ngamahloni nangehlazo imizamo eminingi kangaka yokumboza iqiniso.

Akukhona ukuthi ukunqotshwa kombuso waseSpain owalandela kwaba yindlela engenamsebenzi yamasosha aseSpain ahambisa izimbali. Akunasimo ebesinjalo. Kodwa akulona iqiniso ukuthi ukufika kwabaseSpain eMelika bekuyisigameko esibuhlungu. Kunemibhalo emikhulu yalabo abafuna ukwazi iqiniso. Ubufakazi njengoba ngisho okufanayo, ukungaziphathi kahle kwakugcwele eMelika kanye nokudluliswa kwamasiko kanye nentshisekelo yokuligcina bekuhlala kubonakala kuze kube namuhla.

Ukuhlawulelwa kwezono ukubheka ukusolwa noma ukuzisola kwabanye. Abaningi yilabo abazama ukuthola i-scapegoat embusweni waseSpain. Kepha kwenzeka okuphambene nalokho, abanqobi abahlukumeza kakhulu, abesilo kanye nabahloli bamazwe ababengacabangi babengamanye amazwe afundiswe kakhulu ngamakhosi abo ngokweba nangokubekwa.

UMaría Elvira Roca Barea ukhuluma ngokuqinile kule vidiyo umbuzo wokunciphisa imibono yombuso, umlando omnyama kanye ne-imperiophobia. Ngale ndlela singaqonda ukuthi yimiphi imibuso nezinganekwane ezimnyama ezixhunyaniswe nakanjani nazo ezifanayo, ukuthi zivela kanjani zidalwe yizazi ezixhumene namandla endawo nokuthi imibuso uqobo iyithatha kanjani.

Ukuziqhenya, i-hubris, umona akuyona into engafani namandla we-imperial. Umbhali ubhekana nokungahloniphi kwabantu ezimweni zaseRoma, e-United States naseRussia ukuhlaziya uMbuso waseSpain ngokujula okukhulu nangombono ongcono. Umfundi uzothola ukuthi i-akhawunti yamanje yomlando waseSpain neYurophu isuselwa emibonweni esekwe kakhulu emizweni ezalwa yinkulumo-ze kunasezenzakalweni zangempela.

Ukubonakaliswa kokuqala kwe-Hispanophobia e-Italy kwavela kuxhunyaniswe nokuthuthuka kobuntu, okwanikeza inganekwane emnyama inkazimulo yobuhlakani esabuthanda namanje. Kamuva, i-Hispanophobia yaba umgogodla ophakathi wobuzwe bamaLuthela kanye nokunye ukuthambekela kokuzibonakalisa eNetherlands naseNgilandi.

URoca Barea uphenya izimbangela zokuphikelela kwe-Hispanophobia, okuthi, njengokusebenzisa kwayo ngamabomu enkingeni yezikweletu, iqhubeke nokuba nenzuzo emazweni angaphezu kwelilodwa. Kuyindawo ejwayelekile kubo bonke okucatshangwa ukuthi ulwazi lomlando luyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuqonda okwamanje futhi ucabangele ikusasa.

Ukwehluleka

Futhi angicabangi ukuthi kufanele uzishaye. Ukwehluleka kungaba yisifundo sendawo embi kunoma yimuphi umphakathi. Ukuthi nje eminye imiphakathi iyaziphinda ngaphezu kweminye, abanye abantu baziqhayisa ngaphezu kwabanye ngokwehluleka kwabanye. Okubi kakhulu lapho i-Herculean yokuziphatha okuhle emsebenzini, ingena ngisho nase-masochism engenamsebenzi kakhulu.

Ingxenye ebalulekile yabahlonishwa bethu kwezomnotho kanye nezepolitiki ehlonishwa kakhulu ibheka ukuthi iSpain ayinomlando oyinhlekelele kuphela okufanele ube namahloni ngawo, kodwa futhi nomnyombo ojulile
(ngokwesiko) okungaphansi kokuziphatha kunokwamanye amazwe angomakhelwane.

Uma ungaphakathi Imperiophobia kanye nomlando omnyama UMaría Elvira Roca Barea uchaze ukuthi hlobo luni lomlando oluyinganekwane emnyama nokuthi yavela kanjani nokuthi kungani, inhloso enkulu yeFracasología ukuveza izizathu zokuthi kungani izihloko ze-Hispanophobia zazicatshangelwa ezweni lethu futhi zahlanganiswa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Kusukela ngekhulu le-XNUMX, imiqondo efana ne-decadence, ukwehluleka, i-anomaly, okuhlukile kuye kwahlotshaniswa nomqondo waseSpain ... futhi nobudlelwano obuphikisanayo phakathi kwengxenye enkulu yezikhulu zaseSpain nezwe labo buqala, okufinyelela ekugcineni Izimpi zikaNapoleon futhi zisaqhubeka. Le mibono yamaHispanophobic nayo isabalale kulo lonke elaseLatin America futhi izoba nokuningi kokukwenza nobuthakathaka bamazwe aqhamuka ekuqothulweni koMbuso WaseSpain, kanye nasochungechungeni lwentukuthelo eyakhiqiza futhi yakhiqiza.

Akukho okungenza ukuthanda izwe okhululekileyo ngekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalolunye ukuqeda imibono emibi ngeSpain, futhi isizukulwane sama-98 sakhulisa umuzwa wokwehluleka futhi saholela ku-paroxysm.

Izigaba ezibusayo zaseSpain ngokuvamile azinasibopho sokuzibophezela eSpain nokuntuleka kokuzethemba okulimazayo. Ukuthambekela kokuthola imali okukhona ezweni kuphakelwa yilokhu kunganaki, okwenza buthakathaka uMbuso futhi kudale i-systoles ne-diastoles evuswa kaninginingi.

6 izindaba eziyisibonelo 6

Ngisho nenganekwane inokuthinta okudlulele ku-Elvira. Kokubili ekukhetheni abalingiswa bayo nangezikhathi eziphakathi kwe-anecdotal nokubalulekile ukuqonda ukuzalwa kwemibono, yokwesaba okusha ukufaka noma igciwane lomcabango lokufaka inoccine noma kusuka olimini. 6 izindaba 6, futhi ngaphandle udoti.

Ngokufika kokwehlukana kobuLuthela, izwe laseMedithera nelamaKhatholika ngokunganaki lithatha inkulumo yokuphakama kokuziphatha ebekwe enyakatho yamaProthestani. Ngale ndlela amagama afana "nenkululeko", "ukubekezelelana", "isayensi" kanye "Nezinguquko" ahlala ohlangothini nakwelinye, njengesithombe esibi sesibuko "ingcindezelo", "ukungabekezelelani", "ukushiseka ngokweqile" futhi, hamba ngoNkulunkulu , "Izinguquko Zokubala." Kusukela ekuqaleni impi ebaluleke kakhulu yalahleka, leyo yolimi, futhi phakathi kwezikhali zayo kwakuyinkulumo-ze, ithuluzi elisha elibalulekile lokuqonda impucuko yaseNtshonalanga engxenyeni yokugcina yeminyaka eyinkulungwane.

Izindaba eziyisithupha eziqoqwe lapha zinemvelaphi yazo izwe lamaProthestani ezikhathini nasezindaweni ezahlukahlukene eYurophu. Umbhali ukhethe izikhathi eziyisithupha emakhulwini wamathuba asebenza njengesiphikiso kulowo mbono we-monolithic owabekwa kusukela ekuqhekekeni nalapho izwe laseMedithera lichazwe khona - kuze kube namuhla - njengeDemoni laseNingizimu. Kuzo sizobona izinhlamvu ezingaziwa namagama afana noLuther, Ana de Sajonia, Calvin, Felipe Guillermo de Orange-Nassau, izibulo likaGuillermo de Orange, noma uWilliam Shakespeare uqobo.

Ezinye izincwadi ezinconyiwe ngu-Elvira Roca Barea

Abathakathi nomphenyi

Ngaleso sikhathi ngibhala i-akhawunti ebanzi ye-Logroño Auto de Fe ka-1610. Ngayibiza ngokuthi «Imiphefumulo yomlilo«. Futhi umuntu ngokuzithoba uhlale ezama ukuletha umbono ohlukile kumlando. Ngoba yilokho okushiwo izinganekwane zomlando. Kulokhu, u-Elvira Roca Barea naye ukhuluma ngalezo zinsuku ngaphambi kokushiswa okuvamile enhloko-dolobha yaseLa Rioja. Futhi ngokusobala ngineziqu ze-master's light years kusuka endabeni yami. Iphuzu liwukuthi njengoba ngicwile ngaleso sikhathi kwabanye babalingisi balezo zinsuku, ukufika kule ndaba kugcina kuwukuhlangana okuthakazelisayo.

Ngo-1609 abantu abaningana basolwa ngokuthakatha esigodini saseNavarrese eZugarramurdi. Okwakubonakala njengesiqephu esisodwa, esingabalulekile ukuthola udlame olungajwayelekile. Ngaphansi kwalezi zimo, uMshushisi Jikelele uBernardo de Sandoval wathumela u-Alonso de Salazar y Frías eLogroño, indlunkulu yeHhovisi Elingcwele.

Akubona nje ubuthakathi, iso elibi, izindiza zasebusuku noma ukusebenzelana kwenyama noLucifer: kukhona labo abavuma ukubulala okunyantisayo kanye nokusetshenziswa okuhlelekile kwezingane njengama-acolyte we-Big Bastard. Kepha kungani lolu bhubhane manje lunombhoshongo walo edolobhaneni eliseduze nomngcele waseFrance? Ingabe ubuthakathi buyisibuko esibonisa izingxabano nezithakazelo ezihlukahlukene, eziningi zazo ezingahlangene nodeveli?

E-Las brujas y el inquisidor, u-Elvira Roca wembula umlando ka-Alonso de Salazar, njengoba ukhohliwe njengoba kufanelekile, futhi usiholela ohambweni olujabulisayo ngokusebenzisa ukungena nokuphuma kobuthakathi ekhulwini le-XNUMX, lapho izimpi zenkolo, izingxabano zezombangazwe. nezinye izimo zabangela ukuzingela okukhulu kwabathakathi eYurophu. Endabeni kaZugarramurdi, ngaphezu kwalokho, akufanele sikhohlwe ukuncintisana phakathi kweFrance neSpain ngokulawula i-Navarra. Umcwaningi u-Alonso de Salazar uzobhekana nakho konke lokhu ngezikhali zabantu ezinamandla kakhulu: isizathu.