Izikhala ezidideke kakhulu ngekhulu lama-XNUMX eYurophu ngokungangabazeki yilezo ezakhiwe Umbuso wase-Austro-Hungarian owawuzochotshozwa ube yizicucu eziyinkulungwane (noma kunalokho 19).. UJoseph Roth Wazalwa ngo-1894 futhi wakhulela ebukhazikhazini boMbuso futhi wafa ngo-1939, lapho lelo zwe eliyinqaba eliyinqaba laliyinkumbulo engacacile yelinye iYurophu, lilunguza kwalasha ngaleso sikhathi.
Phakathi naleso sikhathi, yini efanayo ekuphileni okufushane kukaRoth, umsebenzi obanzi kakhulu we-genius uhambe ngaphambi kwesikhathi sakhe. Noma kunjalo, ngezinye izikhathi sondelana nabanye abantu besikhathi esihlakaniphile njengaye Thomas Mann o Hermann Hesse.
Mhlawumbe, sifinyelela eminyakeni yobudala ye-octogenarian njengalezi ezinye ezimbili okukhulunywe ngazo, singazithola siphambi kwencwadi yezincwadi ezithakazelisa kakhulu, nalelo xabiso le-Chronicle ngokuhambisana ne-intrahistories mayelana nokwenzeka kulo lonke ikhulu leminyaka njengesiyaluyalu njengoba i-XNUMX yayikhona ezwenikazi elidala. .
Noma kunjalo, singajabulela lezo zakudala ezivele zinhle kakhulu zika-Joseph Roth, ezinokunambitha kwemibhalo eyigugu yesikhathi esidlule, ekwazi ukuba khona kobukhona obuhlukume kunabo bonke kodwa nezinhlobo zezingoma ezihambisana nephrozi yentando yefilosofi.
Amanoveli aphezulu anconyiwe angu-3 kaJoseph Roth
Imashi yaseRadetzky
Iqanjwe njengeculo elikhazimulayo loMbuso Wase-Austro-Hungarian, le mashi ikhethwa njengesingathekiso esiyindida sekwindla eyalandela. Kusuka emndenini wakwaTrotta, ezizukulwaneni zawo ezintathu, sibona ikusasa lomhlaba, ngoba iYurophu ngaleso sikhathi yayisebenzisa uguquko lwamasiko, ezenhlalo, ezomnotho kanye nezamabhizinisi. Kuze kube, ngokuhambisana nokuwa koMbuso Wase-Austro-Hungarian, nakuba wawungahlotshaniswa ngokuqondile nalokhu, iYurophu yaqala ukusibekela ubukhosi bayo bomhlaba wonke futhi yonke into yahlakazeka, kusukela emasikweni kuya ezigabeni zomphakathi.
Kwakuwumzamo omkhulu wokuzibhubhisa, uhlobo olubi kakhulu lwalokho kufa okwaziwayo ngempumelelo okwase kwenzekile noMbuso WaseRoma. Nakuba imibhikisho iphinde iphakame njengentando edingekayo yoshintsho.Umbuzo, engiwushiya uchungechunge lwenoveli ukunotha kwe-intrahistory engenakulibaleka eqala kusukela eYurophu ecebile ezweni layo elithile elinokuthula, elihlelekile, njalo ngaphambi kweMpi Enkulu.
Kodwa nalokhu kwakuhlale kunezingxabano ezincane ezifana nempi yaseSolferino, isenzakalo sokuqala lapho iTrotta yashintsha khona isimo sabo njengomvuzo wosizo lwabo kumbusi. Ukwethembeka kukhokhwa kahle njengengxenye yalokho kucatshangelwa okwedlulele kwamakholwa ohlelweni lwamanje. Uhambo oluphakathi komlando, oluqanjiwe, oluthinta umculo futhi luhlale luhlotshiswe ngencazelo enembile yama-brushstroke ahlaba umxhwele, luthuthukela umfundi kuze kube iMpi Enkulu kanye nokuqala kokuphela komhlaba obanjwe endaweni eyinqaba, ebhekene nesimanjemanje. okufunwa ngekhulu lama-20 nokunamathela emasikweni agubuzele yonke into.
Inganekwane yesiphuzi esingcwele
Enye yaleyo miqulu yezindaba ezibalulekile. Izinganekwane zabantu abadala zadlula esisefweni seminyaka ephelelwe yisikhathi njengegama elingenakugwenywa lomuntu owehluliwe esisilunguza sonke ekugcineni.
Akukho ukuziphatha kahle ezindabeni noma ezimfundisweni naphezu kokubukeka kwazo ngezinye izikhathi njengomfanekiso. Kunombukiso wosizi kuphela phakathi kwemibono emangalisayo, njengokungathi ufikile uvela kusiphithiphithi somuntu ophuzayo okwaziyo, naphezu kwakho konke, ukuqhubeka nokubhala izigaba zezincwadi eziyingqayizivele ngendlela eyisimangaliso. kungaba u-Andreas uqobo, insizwa engenakhaya ngenxa yokukholwa mayelana nomsebenzi ophezulu obonakala ubonakala kakhulu ngesiphuzo ngasinye kuze kuncibilike ukusa ngakunye.
Kodwa siphinde sihlangane nabalingiswa ababambelele ezweni elibabiza ngaphezu kwamaphupho abo, bengaphansi kwamandla adonsela phansi angokoqobo achitha yonke into. Ujantshi wesitimela u-Fallmeyer kanye nomphefumulo wakhe bephindaphinda ukujwayela kokudlula kwezitimela ezihlala zibaleka, ukuhweba kwamakhorali okungasoze kwakwazi ukubona ulwandle ... Izinhlamvu ezingeke ziphume endaweni endabeni ye-Poe, ngaphandle kokuthi okwesabisayo kuvela kakhulu eqinisweni elingahluziwe kunanoma iyiphi i-delirium ethathwa njengenkululeko.
Incwadi yokugcina kaRoth eParis eyamamukela njengesiphuzi nomlobi wesikhathi esisodwa ngaphambi kokushiya, eshiya ifa elilandisayo elaziswa kakhulu nsuku zonke.
Ama-Strawberry
Akukaze kube buhlungu ukuvakashela ingxenye ye-autobiographical kakhulu yanoma yimuphi umbhali wenganekwane. Lena incwadi yomqoqi. Kokubili ngesimo nangengqikithi. Lokho umlobi omkhulu uJoseph Roth ayengase akugcine njengomdwebo wencwadi echaza ubungane bakhe obunonya kuye kwaphumela kulesethulo sokugcina esikhathini eside ngemva kokufa kwakhe ekuqaleni kweMpi Yezwe II, isisulu sokuluthwa kwakhe utshwala.
URoth ungomunye walabo babhali bezinganekwane, oqalekisiwe nguMlando nezimo zakhe, kunokuba aqalekiswe ngesinqumo sakhe. UmJuda waseYurophu yangaphambi kobuNazi futhi owayeyisisulu sezinkinga zomkhaya ezihlukahlukene ebuntwaneni bakhe futhi nasekukhuleni kwakhe, uye wasinda kuze kube yilolu suku, embozwe inkungu eminyene ngenxa yeqiniso lokuphila kwakhe. Ubuntwana bomdali benziwe idatha ethile eqinisekisiwe kanye nezinganekwane okungenzeka zilandiswa nguye.
Ngalesi sizathu, mhlawumbe ama-Strawberries angaba umsebenzi oqondile lapho abafundi bawo bengathola ukukhanya okuthile ngempilo yombhali phakathi kwephrozi yakhe kanye nekhono lakhe lokulingana nazo zonke izinhlobo zabalingiswa ezimweni ezicacile kakhulu ezamemezela ukwehla kweYurophu phakathi kwemibono nenzondo.
Umbono wakhe wengane eyayisebenzela ukuthuthukisa itulo elicwiliswe yi-nostalgia yengane ejabulisayo eyayingakaze ibe njalo. Ngakho-ke, ukufutheka kanye ne-fatalism ekugcineni kubusa yonke into. Usiba lwakhe luveza abalingiswa abavela kuleyo mpi yaseYurophu eyayisondela kwenye ingxenye enkulu yalesi sikhathi esinzima. I-Brody idolobha lapho uJoseph ayefuna ukuba ngumfana ojabulayo.
Kuyiqiniso ukuthi waphila futhi wakhulela lapho phakathi neminyaka yakhe yokuqala yokuphila, futhi kusukela lapho wayengathola umqondo wabalingiswa abaningi ababuka indalo yakhe eyinhloko, kodwa idolobha laseBrody laliyisizinda se usizi lwakhe lwesikhathi eside.kuyo yonke impilo yakhe futhi wasakazwa ekubhaleni kwakhe okuzimele, okungenamahloni futhi okudabukisayo.
Ezinye izincwadi ezinconyiwe nguJoseph Roth
April
USabina useyiculile. Futhi ayikho inyanga ka-April ngaphandle kwe-melancholy lapho igcina igcinwe ekhabetheni, eduze kwenhliziyo. Ayisekho inkazimulo njengomzuzu, abukho ubuhle, ayisekho incazelo yobukhona bonke. UNkulunkulu wethu weqiniso yisikhathi. I-Cronos esibonisa amazwibela akhe abolayo omhlaba wethu oguquguqukayo. Inqobo nje uma ngokuqinisekile ezigcina kuye ubumnandi bokucabanga okungapheli, ukuzijabulisa okungapheli, ukuzwa okungapheli kwenjabulo.
“Njengoba isitimela siphindela futhi siqala ukugingqika kahle, ngasikaza ngayibuka le ntombazane emehlweni. Kuphela ngenxa yalokho kubukeka ngibhale le ndaba. Kule ndaba emfushane yokuqalwa kukaRoth, umfundi ngeke athole nje kuphela ukuzwela kombhali ezincwadini zakhe eziningi zakamuva, kodwa futhi nendaba egcwele izimpawu, imfihlakalo kanye nabo bonke ubuhle obuvusa amadlingozi balo mbhali okhaliphile.
