Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ubuntu buthola kanjani indawo yabo ekhethekile kwezemfundo njengoba ubuchwepheshe buqhubeka futhi Ukuhlakanipha okungekhona okwangempela i-looms (noma kunalokho iyaqamekela) njengokuthile beze ukuzosithathela indawo njengabantu abakhiqizayo ezindaweni eziningi. Futhi angikhulumi kuphela kubuntu njenge-ajenda yezifundo, lapho inkinga isengcupheni manje. Kuyindaba yokusebenza futhi. Ngoba ziningi izinkampani ezinkulu zobuchwepheshe ezilangazelela abasebenzi abakwazi ukufinyelela lapho imishini iphupha khona kuphela (nod Philip K. Dick nama-androids akhe aphupha ngezimvu zikagesi).
Sishiywe ngobuciko nokucabanga okuzimele, umbono obucayi wezinto nokuzula noma ukuqagela kwemibono njengesikhala esingenakufinyeleleka ngomshini (Ay si asimov noma okunye okukude okufana ne- Wells bazobona lezi zinsuku ...). Ngakho-ke, iqiniso lokwehluka, inhlansi nefilosofi kanjalo kuyisiphephelo esidingekayo namuhla. Irobhothi alisoze lazibuza ukuthi livelaphi nokuthi liyaphi. Siyakwenza.
Ifilosofi, ifilosofi… Futhi nami ngicaphuna ababhali bezinganekwane zesayensi. Kungani kuzoba njalo? Mhlawumbe ngoba kulula kakhulu ukuthi sihlobanise ifilosofi noThales waseMileto noma Nietzsche njengoba sivusa ophindaphindiwe uBlade Runner ehola ucezu lomphefumulo wakhe, echazela umuntu konke akubonile nokuthi kuzolahleka enkumbulweni yakhe yamabhayithi njengezinyembezi emvuleni ...
Lapha ngizoletha izincwadi ezimbalwa ngongqondongqondo abakhulu (manje sesiya kuzazi zefilosofi). Ngeke kube khona bonke abakhona noma ngeke kube khona bonke abakhona. Abaningi benu bazophuthelwa okwakudala, isisekelo sakho konke. Kepha ifilosofi ifana nayo yonke into, indaba yokunambitheka. Kukhona labo uKant abonakala engenakufinyeleleka kubo (ngiyabhalisa) futhi okholelwa ukuthi konke okukaPlato bekungeke kube yinzuzo enkulu kunabafundi bakaSocrates. Ake siye lapho-ke, freethinkers ...
Izincwadi ezinconyiwe ezi-3 eziphezulu zefilosofi
Washo kanjalo uZaratrusta, kaNietzsche
Uxolo, ngiyikholwa elizinikele eNietzsche futhi ngiyaqonda ukuthi lo msebenzi kufanele ufundwe yinoma ngubani onesibindi sokubheka i-metaphysical, epistemiological noma aze akhumbule lapho okhiye bashiye khona. Noma iyiphi inqubo yokungabaza okungathathi hlangothi kufanele idonse amaketanga e-ego ehlotshiswe ngombono njengokulahlwa, izimo njengehange nezinto zokulungisa isimo njengesisekelo. Ngemuva kwalokho i-superman sonke esinayo ngaphakathi ingafisa ukuthola ukhiye. Futhi-ke akekho ozosikholwa. Sizoba i-homo entsha yase-Ecce ekhala ngeqiniso lethu njengoba lingenalutho.
Kumele ngivume ukuthi ngenkathi ngiphethe le ncwadi yokuqala kaNietzsche ezandleni zami, into efana nohlobo lwenhlonipho yangishaya, kwaba sengathi nginenye incwadi engcwele phambi kwami, eyincwadi ye-agnostics enqume ukuyeka ukuba njalo. Leyo yomphathi omkhulu yangishaya, yangisekela, ithembekile, futhi iyashukumisa ..., kepha kwesinye isikhathi bekuzwakala kimi njengezaba zomuntu onqotshiwe, engakwazi ukubalekela esikhaleni.
Isifinyezo: Lapho eqoqa khona ngesimo se-aphorism okubalulekile kwefilosofi yakhe, emiselwe ukudala induna enkulu. Kuye kwathiwa i-Thus Spoke Zarathustra ingathathwa njengombhalo ophikisanayo weBhayibheli, futhi yincwadi ebhalwe eceleni kombhede yalabo abafuna iQiniso, Ukuhle nokubi.Omunye wemisebenzi eyisisekelo ngaphakathi kwefilosofi yekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalolunye.
Inkulumo ngendlela, nguRené Descartes
Ukungalethi ama-Descartes ekukhetheni kwezincwadi zefilosofi kufana nokwenza i-omelette yamazambane ngaphandle kwe-anyanisi, ukuhlambalaza. Uma i-Descartes isitshele ingqikithi yokucabanga njenge-axiom yokuphila, singaqinisekisa ukuthi i-Descartes iqale ekuqaleni nge-pragmatism yesayensi. Iminyaka ekhanyayo kude neNietzsche, eDescartes kunefilosofi enobungani, ethembela ekuhlakanipheni ukubhekana nanoma iyiphi indlela evela lapha nalaphaya, evela kulo mhlaba noma emkhakheni wemibono ...
ICartesianism kudala yafa. Umcabango kaDescartes, nokho, uyasinda futhi uzosinda inqobo nje uma inkululeko yokucabanga ikhona njengomhlahlandlela wokucabanga. Lesi simiso senza inganekwane emnandi kunazo zonke umuntu angayiqamba, futhi lokho kungenxa yesintu, ingxenye enkulu, kuDescartes futhi, ikakhulukazi, emisebenzini emibili umfundi anayo ezandleni zakhe. Ukufunda iDescartes kungenye yezindlela zokuzivocavoca ezihamba phambili zokugcina kuphila umfutho obaluleke kakhulu wefilosofi yanamuhla: ukungabaza okuphelele kwangaphambilini, ukungabaza njengesiqalo solwazi lweqiniso.
Kodwa-ke, ukufaneleka okuyinhloko kwalokho okwenzeka ukuba abe ngumqondo wokuqala osemthethweni emlandweni wefilosofi, kube wukuhlaziya kwakhe okungahambisani nomcabango wokugcizelela. Akukho lutho, empeleni, olungamukelwa ngenxa yanoma iliphi igunya. Leli qhawe lomcabango wanamuhla, ngamazwi kaHegel, lihole ifilosofi ezindleleni ezazingacatshangwa ngaphambili, lalinesibindi, ukukubeka emazwini kaDalembert, ukufundisa amakhanda amahle ukuthi asuse ijoka lokufunda, umbono, weGunya; ngazwi linye, lobandlululo nobuqili futhi, ngalokhu kuhlubuka izithelo zethu esizibuthelayo namuhla, yenze ifilosofi ibaluleke kakhulu mhlawumbe kunakho konke elikukweleta abaphumeleli abalandelayo baseDescartes.
Inhloko-dolobha nguKarl Marx
Ngenxa yokubaluleka kwayo kwezenhlalo, ngikholwa ukuthi umcabango kaKant ukhomba kwifilosofi efanelekile yempucuko yethu yamanje. Uhlelo lwesigaba senhlalo yisivumelwano esisayiniwe esivumela ukuthi sigweme ukungqubuzana ngaphansi kwesisekelo sentando yeningi, ukulingana nayo yonke le mibhedo. Futhi ngukuthi uMarx wenze ngokuthanda kwakhe ekhanda labasebenzi. Kodwa abaqamekeli babephiwe. Icebo lokugcina bekuwukwenza wonke umuntu ajabule ngokusebenzisa i-hoop ...
Kuthathwa njengobuciko bobuciko bukaMarx. Ukuze ubhekane nesitha sakho, kubalulekile ukusazi ... Futhi yingakho le ncwadi iqondwa ngenhloso yokuhlukanisa ngokuphelele umnotho wezepolitiki, ngakho konke okushiwo le nhloso ukuthi ezombusazwe nezomnotho zihlala zihambisana.
Isandla esingabonakali sika-Adam Smith sidinga esinye isandla sikababa kahulumeni owazi ukuqondisa kabusha ukweqisa kwendodana engenamqondo njengemakethe. Kungumsebenzi obhalwe iminyaka emibili kodwa waqedwa ngu-Engels ngokuhlanganisa okwamthatha iminyaka eyi-9 ngemuva kokushona kukaMarx.
Iqiniso ngukuthi lo msebenzi wohlelo lobungxiwankulu obunobudlova obabonakala isibalo sikaMarx kwenzeka njengenye yezindlela ezinhle kakhulu zokuphathwa kongxiwankulu obusebenzayo kunoma yiluphi uhlelo olukhiqizayo, ekuqageleni nasekuphelelweni kwentshisekelo yokugcina ukufeza izifiso.
Ngobunzima obukhulu bezobuchwepheshe, kepha futhi kuletha ukugqama kwemininingwane, ukubonwa komhlaba ongaphansi kohlelo lobungxiwankulu ...
Ezinye izincwadi zefilosofi ezithakazelisayo ...
Ngaphandle kwalesi sigaba semisebenzi yefilosofi yomhlaba, kukhona ifilosofi eshelela ekubhekeni kwezinganekwane futhi ekhuluma ngokukhona mayelana nabalingiswa kanye ne-transcendental mayelana neziphakamiso ezilandelwayo. Futhi kuhle ukujabulela leyo filosofi ephenduke isingathekiso. Ngikhuphukile, siya lapho ngamanoveli amathathu amahle wefilosofi ...
Idayari yeSeducer, ebhalwe nguSoren Kierkegaard
Le noveli ingabhekwa njengesandulela sababhali abaningi abazimisele ukunikela kubalingiswa babo leyo mibono yesintu ejulile nge-visceral, ngisho ne-psychosomatic.
Futhi lokho kukodwa nje, ngaphezu kokubaluleka kwako okungokwemvelo, ngikugqamisa kwasekuqaleni. Ngemuva kwalesi sihloko ngokuvela kwenoveli yama-rose, kunendaba enamandla mayelana neqiniso lothando, intshisekelo, namandla alo okuguqula iqiniso. Futhi-ke, akukho lutho olungcono kumcabangi wokujula kwe-Kierkegaard kunokuhamba ngokuntuleka kothando lomuntu siqu okuzobhala kulo ukulandisa. Ngoba konke kuqala kolunye lwalezo thando lweqiniso namanxeba abo.
UJuan noCordelia bangabathandi bale ndaba. Uthando lukaJuan olufihlekile njengothando lufihla yonke inhloso yefilosofi yetulo, kuyilapho uCordelia ehlehliselwa kulokho kuhlupheka cishe kothando, okuyinkulumo esivele ishiywe ababhali abasha bangaleso sikhathi. UJuan nokudlula kwakhe emhlabeni ngaphandle kwemibuzo emikhulu kunezidingo zakhe ezinothando kakhulu. UJuan namadrayivu amhambisa ezinsukwini zakhe. Mhlawumbe injabulo kodwa ngokuqinisekile ukungazi. Isisindo sokudlula esigcawini singelutho noma ukuzama ukuqonda ukuthi yini eyiqiniso ngale kwesigaba sempilo.
Umhlaba kaSofia nguJostein Gaarder
Ngaleyo ncazelo yokuba yisikhathi sokuphenduka ekubhekweni kokulandiswa kwezingane noma kwentsha njengesingeniso nje sokufunda, le noveli yaba ngumthengisi othengisa kakhulu ngasikhathi sinye lapho imvelo yayo ehlala njalo, umbono wayo wakudala, waqagelwa khona. weNkosana Encane noma Indaba engapheli.
Ngamunye wabo kusuka kuguquko lakhe lezincwadi zeminyaka emincane eliguqulwe laba yisisekelo somlando wezincwadi eziqondwa kusukela ekusekelweni kwemfundo yokuqala yomhlaba. ISofÃa engasoze yalibaleka ibonakala njengomuntu ovulekile ngaphandle kwemibandela yolwazi, olwazini. Incwadi egcina imshukumisele ekwazini umhlaba iyincwadi efanayo sonke esiyithola ngesikhathi esithile ezimpilweni zethu, enemibuzo efanayo mayelana neqiniso lokugcina lakho konke.
Ukuthinta imfihlakalo yenoveli bekuyisimangalo esingenakuphikwa sabafundi abasebasha, ukufanekiswa kwezigcawu zayo kuthakazelise abanye abantu abadala abaningi kulokho kutakulwa komuntu wokuqala odalulwe emhlabeni esathola ukulingiswa komlingo ukubuyela kuleyo mibuzo emidala esingakaze siyenze. phendula ngokugcwele. Ukucabanga ngalokho esiyikho nokuphela kwethu kungukuqala okuqhubekayo. Futhi uSofia, leso simboli sokuhlakanipha se-etymological, sonke singabantu.
I-Nausea, nguJean Paul Sartre
Ukususa inoveli kulesi sihloko sekuvele kulindele ukuvela kwesifo somuntu othile, ukuphazanyiswa kwe-visceral kokungajabuli. Ukuze sibe khona, sibe khona, siyini? Le akuyona imibuzo ephonswa ezinkanyezini ngobusuku obucacile obumnandi.
Umbuzo ungena ngaphakathi, maqondana nalokho thina ngokwethu esingakubheka esibhakabhakeni esimnyama somphefumulo. U-Antoine Roquetin, umlingiswa ophambili wale noveli akazi ukuthi ufaka lo mbuzo ocashile, ophoqayo ukuthi uziphimise ngemibuzo yawo esindayo. U-Antoine uyaqhubeka nokuphila kwakhe, ama-vicissitudes akhe njengomlobi nomcwaningi. I-nausea yileso sikhathi esibucayi lapho kuphakama khona umbuzo wokuthi ngabe siyinto eyisisekelo, ngaphezu kwemikhuba yethu kanye nokuthambekela kwethu.
Umbhali ka-Antoine ube eseba ngu-Antoine isazi sefilosofi esifuna impendulo futhi esinemizwa yokulinganiselwa kepha yokungapheli, ukudangala kanye nesidingo senjabulo.
Ukuhlanza kungalawulwa ngaphambi kwesiyezi sokuphila, kepha imiphumela yaso ihlala ... Lokhu kuyinoveli yakhe yokuqala, kepha sekuvele eminyakeni engamashumi amathathu, kuyaqondakala ukuthi ukuvuthwa kwe-thematic, isazi sefilosofi besikhula, ukungajabuli komphakathi nakho kwanda, ubukhona babubonakala umane ulahlwe. I-aftertaste ethile yeNietzsche ivela kulokhu kufundwa.
Amazwana angu-1 kokuthi "Izincwadi ezi-3 ezihamba phambili zefilosofi"