Kunababhali abajabulela ukuxoxa emngceleni lapho iqiniso elimangalisayo libonakala liyinganekwane, okungenani ngenxa yemvelo emangalisayo yamaqiniso ethulwayo. U-Erik larson kungenye yezinto eziphazamisa kakhulu. Ngoba udonsa ulwazi lomlando olumangazayo, oluvela ocwaningweni lwakhe, Lo mlandisi waseMelika usidlulisa emhlabeni ozwakala njengama-uchronies adidayo, kodwa ahlala ndawonye nempilo yethu yansuku zonke. ngendlela emile, egqitshiwe, engaziwa ngabantu abavamile. Impilo ihlale izuza ama-nuances lapho intatheli, esebenza njengomlobi onemininingwane, isisondeza kulolo lwazi olujulile lwezinto.
Cabanga nge-a UJJ Benitez Isitayela se-Yankee, iphuzu elimnyama kuphela, elithambekele kakhulu kumlando omnyama, ebugebengwini, ekwenzeni itulo lokuqinisekisa, ukuketula noma ukuthunaza amandla. Kwesinye isikhathi kumayelana nokuphenya, ukugcwalisa ngamaconsi omcabango kanye nokuhlukanisa yonke into ngokulandisa kwepragmatic. Indaba exoxwayo esetshenziswa ngokukhalipha ulimi ukuze kuthumbe iziqinisekiso futhi kuveze noma kugqanyiswe lokho okungase kube umcabango noma inganekwane. Konke kumayelana nokuvelayo. Iqiniso livumelana ngokuphelele futhi umxoxi omuhle angasebenzisa izinsiza ukuze akhe izincwadi noma amasu okubhala ngesandla.
Uma umbhali okukhulunywa ngaye eyintatheli, kuyaye kucace ukuthi lokhu kuphathwa kodaba wudaba lolwazi lwezinsiza zokuxhumana abangeke bazisebenzise njengokudlulisa okwenzekayo. Kodwa izincwadi zingokunye, ngisho nezincwadi okuthiwa izincwadi zomlando zinjalo. Futhi noma ubani ohlala phansi ukuze afunde incwadi, ngisho nendatshana, uyazi ukuthi ngeke athole, futhi akafuni ukuthola, amaqiniso aqondile, noma imibono yokukholwa, amabhayibheli ngokuhlukana...
Izincwadi Ezinconyelwe ezi-3 eziphezulu ngu-Erik Larson
ILusitania: Ukucwila okwashintsha inkambo yomlando
Kufana nakho konke. Sihlala sishiywa nesibonelo esisodwa, mhlawumbe esingachazeki kakhulu. Kwenzeka okufanayo nokufika komuntu enyangeni. Kwakukhona osomkhathi abayi-12 abafika enyangeni ohambweni oluyisithupha lwabantu sebebonke. Bambalwa abakwaziyo. I-Titanic, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kwaba ukucwila okukhulu koMlando, umbono wobuze bomuntu owachithwa ngokwemvelo. Kodwa qaphela endabeni yeLusitania, eyayiyimbi nakakhulu.
Ngokukhulu futhi ngokunethezeka, i I-Lusitania, eyasuka ngomkhumbi isuka eNew York ngoMeyi 1, 1915, yayiyisikhumbuzo sokuziqhenya nobuhlakani bangaleso sikhathi, umkhumbi womphakathi owawushesha kakhulu. Ngokudluliswa okuphelele, wahamba ngokuzola naphezu kwesimo esasikhona njengempi. Umqondo wokuthi umkhumbi-ngwenya waseJalimane ungacwila wawubonakala ungenangqondo, umqondo owenanelwa yinkampani yokuthumela izinto: 'The I-Lusitania Ungumkhumbi ophephe kakhulu olwandle. Kuyashesha kakhulu kunoma yimuphi umkhumbi-ngwenya. Ayikho imikhumbi yempi yaseJalimane engafinyelela noma isondele kuyo. '
Ngezikhathi zehora lesibili ntambama ngoMeyi 7, umkhumbi washayiswa yi-torpedo eyadutshulwa umkhumbi-ngwenya waseJalimane. Ngemizuzu engamashumi amabili nje icwile kwabe sekushone abangu-1.200 XNUMX, iningi labo kuyizakhamizi zaseMelika. Le nhlekelele isetshenziswe ngabezindaba ukudala isimo semibono esivumelana nokubamba iqhaza empini. Kepha liyini iqiniso ngalokhu kucwila? Ngabe bekungumcimbi ohlelelwe ukufakazela ukungena kweMelika eMpini Enkulu? Ngabe yayilayishwe ngezinto eziqhumayo zeGreat Britain? Ingabe inhlekelele efana nalena ibingagwemeka?
Ngabalingisi abacebile nendlela yokuqala, I-Lusitania ivumela abafundi ukuthi babhekane nohambo nosizi ngesikhathi sangempela, futhi bathole nemininingwane esondelene ebikade ifihlwe yinkungu yomlando.
Usathane eMzini Omhlophe
Yonke indaba iveza umehluko omangalisayo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukukhanya kwayo noma izithunzi zayo. Phakathi kokubonakala kwempilo yomphakathi kanye nezindlu zangaphansi lapho wonke umuntu egcina imaski yakhe, izihogo ezingasoleki zingase zigcine ukubonakala. Umbono kaJeckyl noMnu Hyde uyiqiniso kakhulu uyi-hyperbole ukuvuma ukuthi kunjalo nje, ihaba...
Bobabili babehlakaniphile futhi benenkani, futhi isifiso sokuphumelela sabaqhubela phambili: umakhi uDaniel Hudson Burnham wathunywa ukuba aklame futhi akhe amadokodo eChicago World's Fair, eyayizovula iminyango yayo ngoMeyi 1893; UHenry H. Holmes wayengudokotela futhi wanquma ukusebenzisa ulwazi lwakhe ngesikhathi sombukiso ngendlela enonya kakhulu. Ngenkathi uBurnham esakha izindonga zezigodlo ezibabazekayo, uHolmes wayenamakamelo okuhlushwa akhiwe ezinqolobaneni zendlu yakhe lapho abesifazane abaningi babezohlangana khona nokufa kwabo.
Okubukeka njengecebo lokwakhiwa kwenoveli eyethusayo kwaba ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-XNUMX iqiniso elanyakazisa izwe lonke futhi elaba nofakazi abahlukile njengamadoda angahlukani njengoBuffalo Bill, Theodore Dreiser noThomas Edison. Izinsizi zomdwebi nodokotela, izibonelo zokuziqhenya nobubi obungenakuqondwa, zehlela kithi sibonga le ncwadi engajwayelekile, indaba yobuhlanya.
Ubukhazikhazi neVileness: Indaba kaChurchill kanye Nemvelo Yakhe Yomndeni Ngesikhathi Esibucayi Kakhulu Sempi
UChurchill, umpristi wokugcina waseNgilandi owahlukanisa iYurophu ngemuva kweMpi Yezwe II. Umlingiswa wobukhulu bokuqala ukuqonda i-Europe yamadlelandawonye lapho ayekhuluma khona nabatakuli, isithunywa, lowo ogcina ebeka ithoni kuzo zonke izingxoxo. Umfana owaqamba ibinzana elithi 'izitha zethu zingaphambili, izitha zethu, ngemuva»Mayelana nombono wamaqembu aphikisayo ephalamende kanye namanye amalungu eqembu ebhentshini lakho… bekufanele ngihlakaniphe futhi ngixwayiswe ngaphambili njengempungushe.
Kubukeka sengathi sazi konke (noma cishe yonke into) kaWinston Churchill. Futhi-ke, njengakuyo yonke impilo, kunokuthile okuhlale kusiphunyuka. Futhi kulapho, kulezo zikhala ezishiywe eceleni ngumlando osemthethweni noma obucayi, lapho kungena khona ithalente eliyingqayizivele lokulandisa lika-Erik Larson. Ihlukaniswe isikhathi esithile, kusukela ngoMeyi 1940 kuya kuMeyi 1941, isikhathi esichitha igazi eliningi iBlitz, le ncwadi ilandisa, icishe ifane nenoveli, “ukuthi uChurchill nombuthano wakhe basinda kanjani nsuku zonke: iziqephu ezincane eziveza ukuthi abantu baphila kanjani empilweni.iqiniso ngaphansi kwesiphepho sikaHitler sensimbi. Kwakuyisikhathi lapho uChurchill eba khona Churchilllapho enza izinkulumo zakhe ezihlaba umxhwele kakhulu futhi ekhombisa umhlaba ukuthi siyini isibindi nobuholi.
Kulo msebenzi sinomphathi omkhulu wezwe, umkhulumeli nomholi ongakaze abonakale ehlulwa enyakatho, kepha futhi nendoda ebingabaza izinqumo zayo, induna kanye uphile kahle ukuthi ubekhumbula ubusha, imizwa nolaka. UChurchill osebenza ngezinto ezahlukahlukene wazakhela umlingiswa njengendaba enohlamvu olukhulu. U-Larson ukusho ngokuthungatha i-chiaroscuro yezinhlamvu ezincane. Ngemuva kwakho konke, njengoba noChurchill ngokwakhe atshele unobhala wakhe: "Uma amagama ebalulekile, kufanele siyinqobe le mpi."
