Siya lapho nomfundi othuthuke kakhulu we Freud. Futhi ngubani ngempela owamedlula emakhono akhe okuxhumana afakazelwa ezincwadini eziningi ezinhle. Ngisho kunjalo U-Erich Fromm. Umbhali okwathi, ngezindatshana zakhe nangokusabalaliswa okujulile, azosiza, futhi asaqhuba nanamuhla, ithuba lokusondela kulokho okuwumuntu ngokwefilosofi nangokwengqondo. Ngoba yonke into ihlala kule duo.
I-Psychology isekelwe kufilosofi yethu yempilo elungiswe kancane kancane kumaphethini. Futhi le ndawo ehlanganyelwe yokuqaphela kwethu iyindawo evunde kakhulu yemibono, izitayela, izimfashini nanoma yiluphi olunye uhlobo lomsebenzi wangaphandle.
Ngakho funda eziningi imisebenzi emikhulu kaFromm, ngalobo buqotho bobuntu obunwetshwa ngaso sonke isikhathi njengesivikelo sokuhlukaniswa, sicabanga ukusetshenziswa kwesifiso sokwazi okungokoqobo kanye ne-trompe l'oeil, yokwazi kanye nokuhlanekezela kwafika njengomsindo wangaphandle. Okuhle kunakho konke ulimi olusetshenziswa ezincwadini zakhe, ukulingana okuphelele phakathi kwamagama nencazelo noma ukuhumusha empilweni yansuku zonke.
Okholelwa ngokuqinile emibhalweni ye- I-Marx njengohlelo olufanele lwenhlangano yenhlalo emelene nokungathembeki komuntu ngamunye okufunwa yi-authoritarianism eguqulwe njengonxiwankulu.
Ukwenza lezi zakhiwo zokuqala ze-socialist zihambisane (akukho lutho oluhlangene nobukhomanisi obugunyaziwe) nokuhlaziywa kwengqondo njengesiyalo esikwazi ukubhekana nenye ingxenye ebalulekile yawo wonke umphakathi: umuntu ngamunye, umsebenzi wakhe ekugcineni ugcwele umbono obhalwe ukuthi unobuntu ezikhathini eziningi.
Kodwa, kucatshangelwa ngokubandayo, okuwukuphela kwesethi ekwazi ukulinganisa umhlaba, njengoba umbhali ehlala ebonisa, ayiyeki ukukhula ngokungalingani, ukungabi nabulungisa, ukunganaki kanye nombono owodwa wokuzikhukhumeza okuvela emcabangweni wokuqoqwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo.
Ngakho, Ukufunda i-From namuhla kuwukugcizelela kulokho okuphikisayo, kulokho kusesha kwangempela kwezisekelo zenjabulo ukuthi nakuba kungase kube umkhathizwe ohlukanisiwe, awulokothi uhlanganise nokwaneliseka okuphathekayo kwe-ego, okucatshangwa ukuthi kuwumbono ongenalutho.
Izincwadi eziphezulu ezi-3 ezinconywe ngu-Erich Fromm
Ubuciko bokuthanda
Esicini sayo sobuntu, u-Fromm uzinikele ekulobeni le ncwadi ezisekelweni zothando. Ekugcineni kwencwadi enjengale akukho okunye ukukhetha ngaphandle kokusondela ekucabangeni okujulile kwalokho esikuqonda namuhla ngothando.
Uma labo ababiza uthando oluvamile, oluvamile noma olwandisiwe njengokunye, kumelwe bavume ukuthi lolu thando, oluqondwa njengozakwabo ekuthathekeni okukhulu kakhulu, alulona olwangempela lapho lushabalala ngemva kwesikhashana.
Uma imizwa ngomunye umuntu iphela, kuba sengathi lolo thando alukaze lube khona. Futhi-ke sonke isikhathi esichithwa kukho sizobe simosheka isikhathi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, uthando ludlulela kubuzalwane, kuyise, kuye kumbono. Uthando olunikezwa kuphela i-contingent, ku-casual, ku-ephemeral aluhambisani nesikhathi esiphila nesisindo sesisekelo ... Akukhona ukuthi umbhali uhlose ukuchaza ukuthi uthando luyini noma cha noma indlela yokuthanda ngokunembile. .
Kodwa kusobala ukuthi lokho okukhuthazelayo naphezu kwakho konke kuwukubonakaliswa okukhulu kothando, ukudluliswa kwaleyo ngxenye yokuphila othandweni olunobugovu kakhulu kuyindaba nje yokuzithokozisa okuqanjwe ngamanga ngemuva kwehele lothando. Indaba yokufunda, ukukala nokucabanga kabusha izinto eziningi ngaphandle kokubandlulula ukuthi omunye umbono kufanele ube nephutha ngezizathu zawo.
ukwesaba enkululekweni
Incwadi yezenhlalo kunazo zonke, umsebenzi wakhe wokuqala wokucabanga lapho umlobi wayeseneminyaka engama-40 ubudala. Ngoba leyo nkathi, njengoba ingahunyushwa kumbhalo kaDante Alighieri: «Phakathi nokuphila, ehlathini elimnyama ngazithola ngoba indlela yami yayilahlekile », unikeza okuningi ngokwakhe ukuhlaziya ukuthi yinis isikhathi esidlulelwe yisikhathi kanye nekusasa, ngaphandle kwemithwalo enzima yentsha ethatheka kanye nezikweletu ezinzima zokuguga.
Isikhathi esingcono kakhulu sokubhekana nezimiso ezihlanganisiwe emphakathini wanamuhla othuthukiswe ngekhulu lama-XNUMX phakathi kwezingxabano ezisacashile kanye namathemba aphezulu alabo abazi kangcono ukuthi ungawuthengisa kanjani umqondo wenkululeko. Ngokuthintana phakathi kwethemba eliqinisekile kanye nethemba elingacacile lokuchitshiyelwa, umbhali uvula izingqondo zethu enkingeni yempucuko yethu namuhla.
Ohulumeni babonakala bezobanjwa ngamandla ama-authoritarianism angathi sína njenge-fascism noma i-capitalism enyantisayo, enye eyingozi ekugcineni njengenye.
Umphumela omubi kunayo yonke ukuzinikela komuntu, ukwamukela ukudalelwa njengendlela yokuqhubekela phambili uwedwa, ngemva, ngaphezu kwakho konke, ucabanga ngokudangala ukukhashelwa kwalabo abathembisa ukulingana nobulungisa, kafushane, akukho nkululeko Ukuthambekela okuncane ebuntwini obuchitha futhi obuhlukanisayo.
I-Pathology yokujwayelekile
Kukangaki ukungabaza kusihlasela mayelana nencazelo yenhlalo yokujwayelekile. Ukulingana phakathi kwalowo mehluko womhlaba wonke omakwa ngamunye ngamunye inoma yimuphi umuntu kanye nenhlalonhle, yengqondo, izinkomba zemizwa ngokusobala akunakwenzeka ngezikhathi ezihlukene noma ngokujwayelekile kwakho okuphelele.
Ubude obuphakathi kwalokho okufanele bube kanye nalokho okungaphakathi kithi bugcina buholela ekungaqondani kahle, enkolelweni eqinile yokuphuma kukho konke ukuhleleka okusungulwe yizidingo kanye nokuthambekela kohlelo lwezomnotho oludinga ukuzinikela okukhulu kobukhona bethu.
Ku-Fromm, ukungafani, okuhlaziywe kumkhuba we-psychoanalysis, kugcina kuchaza le pathology yokujwayelekile njengesimo sengqondo sangempela.
Futhi iqiniso liwukuthi izibonelo zayo ezibanzi kanye nezibonelo zayo ezinemininingwane icacisa kahle ukushiyeka kwemizwelo okufakwa ezimweni eziningi ngenxa yalowo msebenzi wokuba njengenhlangano nengxenye yawo wonke futhi okudingeka kube lokho okungakhomba indawo ehluke kakhulu. .
