ื“ื™ 3 ื‘ืขืกื˜ืขืจ ื‘ื™ื›ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืœื™ืื ืึธืกืคึผื™ื ืึท

ื“ืขืจ ืฉืึธื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืึทื‘ืจื™ืขืœ ื’ืึทืจืกื™ืึท ืžืึทืจืงืขื– ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืœืึทื ื’ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึทืœืข ืงืึธืœืึธืžื‘ื™ืึทืŸ ืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ืขืจืก. ื“ืขืจ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื•ื ื’ ื’ืขืžื™ืฉ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืึทื‘ืึธ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ืจืขืึทืœื™ื–ื ืื•ืŸ ืœื™ืจื™ืงืึทืœ ื™ื™ื“ื™ืึทืœื™ื–ืึทื ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ื ืฉืžื” ืื™ืŸ ื–ื•ื›ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืขืกืึทื ืก ืกืึทืคึผืึธื•ื–ืึทื– ืึท ื™ืจื•ืฉื” ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืžื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืึทื–ืึท ื•ื•ื™ ื•ื•ื™ืœื™ืื ืึธืกืคึผื™ื ืึท ื–ืึทืžืœืขืŸ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ื™ึทื ื˜ื™ื™ืœืŸ.

ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืžืึธืœ ืคืึทืจืงื ืึทืกื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื•ื•ื•ื ื“ืขืจืœืขืš ืขื˜ื ื™ืง ืึทืœื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ืจืŸ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ืคืจื™ื™ื ื“ืœืขืš ื‘ืึทื’ืขื’ืขื ื™ืฉ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ืŸ (ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืงืึทื ื’ืงืขืจืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื”ืื˜ ืฆื• ืึทื“ืึทืคึผื˜ ื“ื™ ืงืึทื ื’ืงืขืจื“ ืจืึธืœืข), ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืขืจ ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืึทืจื™ืžื˜ ื˜ืจื™ืœืึทื“ื–ืฉื™, Ospina ืื•ื™ืš. ืงืึทืœื˜ื™ื•ื•ื™ื™ืฅ ืึท ืคึผืึธืขื–ื™ืข ืึทื– ื˜ื™ืฃ ืื™ืŸ ืขืก ื˜ืจื™ื™ืกืœืขืŸ ืึทืœืข ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืืจื™ืฉืข ืฉืึทืคื•ื ื’.

ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ืขื ืจืึธืžืึทื ื™ืกื˜ ืึธืกืคึผื™ื ืึท ืขืก ืื™ื– ืคึผืœืึทื ื“ื–ืฉื™ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืคึผืจืึธื–ืข ืคื•ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืœื“ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืกืขื ืกื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื’ืขืืจื‘ืขื˜ ืคืึธืจืžืึทืœ ื•ื•ื™ืจืงื•ื ื’. ืึทืŸ ืขืคืขืงื˜ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืœืขืกืึธืฃ ืจื™ื•ื•ื™ืœื– ืื•ื ื“ื– ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื™ื ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉืคึผืจืึทืš ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืึทืฉืจื™ื™ึทื‘ื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืงืึทืžืฃ. ื ื’ืึทื ืฅ ืœื™ืจื™ืกื™ื–ืึทื ื•ื•ืึธืก ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ืง ืžื—ื‘ืจื™ื ื“ืขืจื’ืจื™ื™ื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื™ึทื ื˜.

ื–ืฉื•ืจื ืึทืœื™ืกื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืคึผื•ื‘ืœื™ืฆื™ืกื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ืกื˜ืขืคึผืก ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืืจื™ืฉืข ื•ื™ืกื‘ืจื•ืš, Ospina ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ื’ืึทื ืฅ ืงืึทืžื™ื•ื ืึทืงื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ื™ื ื•ื•ืึทืœื•ื•ื“ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื’ืขื–ืขืœืฉืึทืคื˜ืœืขืš ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืึธืœื™ื˜ื™ืฉ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื ื“ื˜ ืึท ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื™ื“ื ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืขืžืขืก ืื™ืŸ ืึทืŸ ืขืกื™ื™ื™ืกื˜ื™ืง ืคืขืœื“ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืขืงืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ื˜ืฉืึทืœ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ื’ืขื–ืขืœืฉืึทืคื˜ืœืขืš, ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืขืœ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึท ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ืœืึทื˜ื™ื ืึธ ื™ื•ื•ืึทืœื•ื•ื“ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ืงืึทืžื™ื•ื ื™ืึทืŸ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืš ืคึฟื•ืŸ ืงืึธื ืคืœื™ืงื˜.

ื•ื•ื™ืœื™ืื ืึธืกืคึผื™ื ืึท ืื™ื– ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ืขืจืก ืคึฟืึทืจ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื™ื™ื˜, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืฆื• ืึทื“ืจืขืก ื™ื ื˜ืจืึทื”ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื ืขื›ื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื™ื ื˜ ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืจืืžืื ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืงืึทืžืคึผืœืึทืžืขื ื˜ื™ื“ ืžื™ื˜ ืงืจืึทื ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื–ืฉืึทื ื–, ืึทื ืึทืœื™ืกื™ืก ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื™ื ื™ื™ื˜ ื˜ืขื ื“ืขื ืฅ ืฆื• ืึท ืคึผืึธืขื–ื™ืข ื•ื•ืึธืก ืจื™ื™ืžื– ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจืกืขืก ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ืงืจืึทื ื˜ ืœืขื‘ืŸ.

ื“ื™ 3 ื‘ืขืกื˜ืขืจ ื‘ื™ื›ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืœื™ืื ืึธืกืคึผื™ื ืึท

ื“ื™ ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืคื•ืŸ ืฆื™ืžืขืจื™ื ื’

ืžืข ื–ืึธื’ื˜, ืึทื– ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืข ื˜ื™ื™ืœืŸ ืงืขืŸ ืžืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขืจื•ื•ืฒึทื–ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ืง. ืื•ืŸ ื ืึธืš, ื“ื™ ืงืึทื ื˜ื™ื ื™ื•ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ "Ursรบa", ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืจื™ืœืึทื“ื–ืฉื™ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื•ื•ืึธืœื˜ ืกื•ืฃ ืžื™ื˜ "ื“ื™ ืฉืœืึทื ื’ ืึธืŸ ื™ื™ื–", ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ื˜ืฉื™ืงืึทื•ื•ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ื™ ื“ืจื™ื™ ื˜ืจื™ืคึผืก ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ื™ ื˜ืจื™ืœืึทื“ื–ืฉื™ ื˜ืจื™ื™ื–.

ืืคื™ืœื• ื”ื™ื™ึทื ื˜, ื“ืขืจ ืึทืžืึทื–ืึธืŸ ืื™ื– ืึท ืึทืจื•ื™ืกืจื•ืคืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืขืงืกืคึผืขื“ื™ื˜ื™ืึธื ืึทืจื™ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื‘ื“ืขื” ืฆื• ืึทืจื•ืžืคืึธืจืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืึทืจืงืึทืกื˜ ื˜ื™ืคืขื ื™ืฉืŸ. ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืงืจืึทื ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจื‘ ืื™ืŸ ืงืึทื ืกืึทื ืึทื ืก ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื™ื’ื–ื•ื‘ืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืจืึทืคึผื™ืงืึทืœ ื•ื•ืึทืœื“, ืžื™ืจ ื‘ืึทื’ืœื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืึทื ื’ืงืขืจืขืจ ืึธืจืขืœืœืึทื ืึท, ื•ืžืจื•ื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ืึทืžื‘ื™ืฆื™ืขืก ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืœืขืกืึธืฃ ื•ื•ืึธืœื˜ ื˜ืจืขืคืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื ื˜ื™ืจื™ืขืจื– ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ ืึทืžืึทื–ืึธื ื™ืึทืŸ ื‘ืจืขื’ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื”ื™ื™ึทื ื˜ ืื™ื– ืึท ื ืึทื˜ื™ืจืœืขืš ื•ื•ื•ื ื“ืขืจ.

ื“ื™ ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืคื•ืŸ ืึธืกืคึผื™ื ืึท ืงืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื’ืึทื ื’ ืฆื• ื“ืขื ืคึผืกื™ื›ืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ื™ ืึทืžื‘ื™ืฆื™ืขืก ืงืึทื ื’ืงืขืจืขืจ, โ€‹โ€‹ื•ื•ืึธืก, ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืขืคืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื ื™ื™ึทืข ืจื™ื™ึทืš ื•ื•ืขืœื˜, ืœืึธื ื’ื™ื ื’ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ื™ื ื˜ืจืขืคึผืึทื“ ืกืคึผืึทื ื™ืึทืจื“ืก ื•ื•ืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืจืขื›ื ื˜ ืึทืœืžืึทื ืึทื˜ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื•ื•ืœื™ ืงืขื’ืŸ ื ื™ื™ึทืข ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื™ึทืข ืขืจื˜ืขืจ.

ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืจืึทื•ื•ืึทืœืขืจื– ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืงืกืคึผืขื“ื™ื˜ื™ืึธืŸ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื˜ ื“ื™ ืคึผืึทืกื™ืจื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืึธืคึผืฉืคึผื™ื’ืœื•ื ื’ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ืขืคึผืึธืก ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ื•ืžืœื“ื™ืง, ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื•ื•ืึธืก ื‘ืึทืคืจื™ื™ึทืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜. ื“ื™ ืขืงืกืคึผืขื“ื™ื˜ื™ืึธืŸ ืžืื›ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืคึผืœืึทืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืกืœืึทื•ื•ืขืก, ืžื™ื˜ ืคึผืจืึทื•ื•ื™ื–ืฉืึทื ื– ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึท ืœืึทื ื’ ื ืกื™ืขื” ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืคื•ืŸ ืฆื™ืžืขืจื™ื ื’.

ื•ื•ืึธืก ืœืขืกืึธืฃ ื›ืึทืคึผืึทื ื– ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืึทื ื˜ืึทืœืึทื“ื–ืฉื™ืงืึทืœ ื’ืขืจืึทื ื’ืœ ืงืขื’ืŸ ืึท ื ืึทื˜ื•ืจ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื’ืœื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืึทื– ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืคืึทืจืžืขืจืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื•ืžื‘ืึทืงืึทื ื˜.

ื“ื™ ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืคื•ืŸ ืฆื™ืžืขืจื™ื ื’

ื“ื™ ืฉืœืึทื ื’ ืึธืŸ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ

ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืœืึธื•ื–ื™ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื˜ืจื™ืœืึทื“ื–ืฉื™ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืขื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึทื ื’ืงื•ื•ืขืกื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ื™ื™ึทืข ื•ื•ืขืœื˜, ืื™ืš ืงืขืŸ ื˜ืจืขืคืŸ ืึทืŸ ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจืจื™ื›ื˜ืŸ, ืึท ื“ื™ื ืึทื ืกื™ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืœื‘ื™ืงืขืจ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืึท ื’ืขื ื™ื˜ื•ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื™ืกื’ืœื™ื™ึทืš ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื‘ืขืกืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ืึธืš ืึท ืงืึธื ืงื•ื•ืขืกื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืžืึธื•ืžืึทื ืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ืื›ื–ืจื™ื•ืช, ื‘ืึทืจืึทื‘ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ, ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื˜ืฉื™ืงืึทื•ื•ืข ืžื™ืกื’ืขื ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ, ืžื™ื˜ ืœื™ื‘ืข ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึทืก, ืžื™ื˜ ื‘ืœื•ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืœื™ื™ึทื“ื ืฉืึทืคื˜, ืžื™ื˜ ืืžื‘ื™ืฆื™ืขืก ืื•ืŸ ืœืขื’ืึทืžืจืข ืืžืช ืขืคึผืึธืก ืžืขืฉื™ื•ืช ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื”ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ืฉ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ื•ึผ ืคึผืึทื ื’ืขืึท ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืงืึธื ื˜ื™ื ืขื ื˜ืŸ ื“ืึทื ืง ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืขืงืฉื ื•ืช ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื™ื™ืœืขืจื– ื•ื•ืึธืก ื’ืขื•ื•ืืœื˜ ืฆื• ืจืขืงืึธื ืกื˜ืจื•ื™ืจืŸ ืึท ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ืืคื’ืขืฉื™ื™ื“ื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ื˜ืขืœื•ืจื™ืง ืžื•ื•ื•ืžืึทื ืฅ ืžื™ืœืœืขื ื ื™ืึทืœืก.

ืžืขืŸ ืงืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ืคืœ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ืœืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉืคึผืึทื ื™ืฉ ืื™ืžืคืขืจื™ืข ืฆื• ืคืึธืจืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื ื™ื™ึทืข ืคืขืœืงืขืจ ื’ืขืคึฟื•ื ืขืŸ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืึทืจื™ื‘ื‘ืขืึทืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื“ืจื•ื ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืžืขืจื™ืงืข.

ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืฆื•ื ืกื•ืฃ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืคึผืขืก ืžืึทื“ื–ืฉื™ืงืึทืœ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืงืึทืžื™ื•ื ื™ืึทืŸ. ื“ื™ ืฉืคึผืึทื ื™ืฉ, ื™ื•ืจืฉื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจื•ื™ืžืขืจ ืงืึทื ื’ืงืขืจืขืจื– ื•ื•ืึธืก ืึทืžืึธืœ ืคืึทืจื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ืึทืœื‘-ื™ื ื“ื–ืœ, ื’ืขืœืขืจื ื˜ ืฆื• ืึธื ื˜ืึธืŸ ืคืขืกื˜ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื˜ืจื™ื™ื ื’ ืฆื• ืคืึทืจื™ื™ื ื™ืงืŸ, ื’ืึธืจื ื™ืฉื˜ ืฆื• ื˜ืึธืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื™ืงืกื˜ืขืจืžืึทื ื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืคื•ืŸ ืฆืคื•ืŸ ืึทืžืขืจื™ืงืข ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ ืึทื ื’ืœืึธ-ืกืึทืงืกืึธืŸ ืงืึทื ื’ืงืขืจืขืจื– ...

ื“ื™ ืฉืœืึทื ื’ ืึธืŸ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ

ื“ืึธืก ื™ืึธืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื•ืžืขืจ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืงื™ื™ื ืžืึธืœ ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ

ื“ื™ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ืจืึธืžืึทื ื˜ื™ืฉ ื”ืึทืจืฅ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืจืึธืคึผืข ืงืœืึทืคึผืŸ ืคื™ืœืข ืžืึธืœ ืื™ืŸ Villa Diodati, ืึท ื’ืขื ืขื•ื•ืึท ืžืึทื ืฉืึทืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืฉืึธืจืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ืžืคึผืจืขืกื™ื•ื• ื’ืขื ืขื•ื•ืึท ืœื™ื™ืง, ื ืขืกื˜ืœืขื“ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ืžืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืคืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ื’ืึทื ื™ืง ื•ื•ืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ื•ื™ื– ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืึธื–ืขืจืข.

ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจืึธืžืึทื ื˜ื™ืฉ ื‘ืึทื•ื•ืขื’ื•ื ื’, ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ื™ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ื‘ืึทืจื™ืžื˜ ืงืจื™ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจื– ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื’ืึทื ื’ ืฆื•ื ื•ื™ืคืคืึทืœืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืฆื• ืึทืจื•ืžืคืึธืจืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ืฉืžื” ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ื™ืžืึธื•ืฉืึทื ื– ืื•ืŸ ืคื™ืจื– ืึทื– ื™ืœื•ืžืึทื ื™ื™ื˜ืึทื“ ืึท ื ืขืคึผืœื“ื™ืง ื‘ืึทื”ืึทื ื“ืœื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืขืงื–ื™ืกื˜ืขื ืฅ. ื“ืขืจ ื‘ื•ืš ืคืึธื•ืงื™ืกื™ื– ืื•ื ื“ื– ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขื ื–ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ 1816, ื“ื™ ื”ื•ื™ื– ืื™ื– ื™ื ื›ืึทื‘ืึทื˜ืึทื“ ื“ื•ืจืš Lord Byron, ืžืจื™ื ืฉืขืœื™ ืึธื“ืขืจ Polidori.

ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ื•ื•ืึธืœื˜ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ืึทื– ื“ืขืจ ื–ื•ืžืขืจ ื”ืื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืขืงืกื™ืกื˜ื™ืจืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ืึทื–ืึท ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ื“ื™ ื˜ืึทืžื‘ืึธืจืึท ื™ืจืึทืคึผืฉืึทื ื– ืคื•ืŸ 1815 ื˜ืฉื™ื™ื ื“ื–ืฉื“ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื‘ืึทื•ื•ื•ืกื˜. ื“ื™ ืึทืคึผืึธืงืึทืœื™ืคึผืกืข ืœื•ืžื“ ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ืžืึธื“ื ืข ืกื™ืžืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ Diodati ื•ื•ื™ืœืึท ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึท ื™ืงืกืขืคึผืฉืึทื ืึทืœ ื•ื™ืกื‘ืœื™ืง ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืฆื• ื‘ืึทื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ืŸ ืึท ื’ืจื•ื™ ื”ื™ืžืœ, ืคืœืึทืฉื™ื ื’ ืžื™ื˜ ืžืึธื“ื ืข ื‘ืœื™ืฅ.

ื“ื™ ื•ืžืจื•ื™ืง ื ืฉืžื•ืช ืคื•ืŸ ืึทื–ืึท ื™ืœืึทืกื˜ืจื™ืึทืก ื˜ื™ื™ืœืžืึธืœื™ืง ื‘ืื•ื•ื•ื™ื ืขืจ ืงืึทืžืคึผืึธื•ื– ืึท ืกืคึผืขืงื˜ืจืึทืœ ื–ืขืื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื’ืขืคึฟื™ืจื˜ ืฆื• ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืขื ื“ืึทื ื˜ ื’ืึธื˜ื”ื™ืง ืงืจื™ื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื–, ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืึทืžืคึผื™ืจืข ืื•ืŸ ืคืจืึทื ืงืขื ืกื˜ืขื™ืŸ.

ืึธืกืคึผื™ื ืึท ื“ื–ืฉืึทืกื˜ืึทืคื™ื™ื– ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืคึผืจืึธื–ืข ื‘ื™ื™ื“ื™ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ืœืขืš ืคึผืึธืขื–ื™ืข, ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ืึทื ืคืึธืจืกื™ืŸ ืคื™ื ืฆื˜ืขืจื ื™ืฉ ืงืขืŸ ื“ื–ืฉืขืจืžืึทื ื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื•ื™ืกื’ืขื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ ืฉืขืจื“ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ ืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ืขืจืก, ืœืขืกืึธืฃ ื˜ืจื™ื™ืกื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืคื™ื ืฆื˜ืขืจ ืžืขืฉื™ื•ืช ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืื™ืฆื˜ ื•ื ื™ื•ื•ืขืจืกืึทืœ.

ื“ืึธืก ื™ืึธืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื•ืžืขืจ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืงื™ื™ื ืžืึธืœ ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ
5/5 - (7 ื•ื•ืึธื•ืฅ)

1 ื‘ืึทืžืขืจืงื•ื ื’ ืื•ื™ืฃ "ื“ื™ 3 ื‘ืขืกื˜ืขืจ ื‘ื™ื›ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืœื™ืื ืึธืกืคึผื™ื ืึท"

ืœืึธื–ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทืžืขืจืงื•ื ื’

ื“ืขื ืคึผืœืึทืฅ ื ื™ืฆื˜ ืึทืงื™ืกืžืขื˜ ืฆื• ืจืขื“ื•ืฆื™ืจืŸ ืกืคึผืึทื. ืœืขืจืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืงืึธืžืขื ื˜ืึทืจ ื“ืึทื˜ืข ืื™ื– ืคึผืจืึทืกืขืกื˜.